instructional design Prepared by Soo Pei Zhi PQM003310 QIM 501 Instructional Design and Delivery by David Paul Ausubel Biography Biography Introduction During meaningful learning the person subsumes or organizes or incorporates new knowledge into old knowledge ID: 674045
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Subsumption Theory
Epistemology / Knowledge based theory of instructional design
Prepared by:Soo Pei ZhiP-QM0033/10QIM 501 Instructional Design and Delivery
by
David
Paul
AusubelSlide2
BiographySlide3
BiographySlide4
Introduction
During meaningful learning, the person “subsumes,” or organizes or incorporates, new knowledge into old knowledge.Subsumption theory suggests that our mind has a way to subsume information in a hierarchical or categorical manner if the new information is linked/incorporated with prior knowledge/familiar patterns.
As a result prior knowledge is given absolute importance. Teachers are encouraged to teach prior knowledge first rather than new information to help information subsume. Advance organizers provide concepts and principles to the students directly in an organized format. The strategy of “advance organizers” basically means to classify/ categorize/ arrange (organize) information as you proceed (advance) to the next complex level.Slide5
PrinciplesSlide6
PurposeSlide7
Diagramatic RepresentationSlide8
The process of meaningful learning
Ausubel proposed four processes of meaningful learning: - Derivative subsumption
- Correlative subsumption - Superordinate learning - Combinatorial learningSlide9
Derivative Subsumption
New material or relationships can be derived from the existing structure. Information can be moved in the hierarchy, or linked to other concepts or information to create new interpretations or meaning. Slide10
Correlative Subsumption
New material is an extension or elaboration of what is already known.Slide11
Superordinate learning
An individual is able to give a lot of examples of the concept but does not know the concept itself until it is taught.Slide12
Combinatorial learning
The first three learning processes all involve new information that "attaches" to a hierarchy at a level that is either below or above previously acquired knowledge. Combinatorial learning is different; it describes a process by which the new idea is derived from another idea that is neither higher nor lower in the hierarchy, but at the same level.Slide13
Advance organizer
Advance organizers are used to relate prior information to new concepts. They are part of Ausubel's subsumption theory that "contends that meaningful learning and permanent retention of material is a function of the stability of existing anchoring ideas" (
Applin).Can be classified : expository or comparative.Slide14
Expository teaching
While presenting new material.Use beginning of lesson.Presents several encompassing generalizations where detailed contents will be added later.Slide15
Comparative teaching
Useful when the knowledge to be presented is new to learner.Compares new material with knowledge already known by emphasizing the similarities between 2 types of material & showing the information that is to be learnt.Ausubel’s
teaching approach is deductive in nature.Slide16
Deductive Teaching ModelSlide17
Conclusion
Ausubel’s theory is concerned with how individuals learn large amounts of meaningful material from verbal/ textual (lecture/ books) presentations in a school setting as opposed to theories developed based on experimental settings.Therefore, learning is based upon the kinds of superordinate
, representational, and combinatorial processes that occur during the presentation of information.Slide18
Reference
Ivie, Stanley D. “Ausubel’s Learning Theory: An Approach to Teaching Higher Order Thinking Skills,”
High School Journal. Oct. 1998: Vol. 82,, i1, p.35. Cooper, S. (2009). Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology: David Ausubel: Meaningful Verbal Learning & Subsumption Theory. Retrieved on from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/ausubel.htmlGoconstructivism, (2007). David P. Ausubel. Retrieved from http://goconstructivism.blogspot.com/2007/02/david-p-ausubel.htmlAziz, A, W. B., Razali, A. B., hasan, L. B. C., & Yunos, Y. A. B. M. (2009). Cognitive learning theories and its implication on science classroom teaching. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/niena17/learning-theory-by-ausubelKearsley, G. (2009). Subsumption
Theory (D.
Ausubel
). Retrieved from
http://tip.psychology.org/ausubel.html