Chapter 1 ENLZT 123 3316 R2A l anBionallytnetnI ENLZT 123 3316 R2A 1 IntroductionTable of Contents TopicPage INTRODUCTION ID: 819479
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Chapter 1This chapter is designed to pr
Chapter 1This chapter is designed to provide the student with someintroductory information needed to form the basis of thestatistics handling course. A review of the elements in a MobileDescribe the different network elements found in a MobileEN/LZT 123 3316 R2AlanBionallytnetnIEN/LZT 123 3316 R2A1 IntroductionTable of ContentsTopicPageINTRODUCTION....................................................................................1MOBILE TELEPHONE NETWORK.......................................................2AUTHENTICATION CENTER (AUC).............................................................................2HOME LOCATION REGISTER (HLR)...........................................................................2GATEWAY MSC (GMSC).......
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.......................................................................................3(MSC/VLR).....................................................................................................................3EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR)...................................................................3SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE GATEWAY MSC (SMS-GMSC)....................................3SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE INTERWORKING MSC (SMS-IWMSC)........................3SERVICE CENTER (SC)...............................................................................................3GSM INTERWORKING UNIT (GIWU)...........................................................................4DATA TRANSMISSION INTERWORKING UNIT (DTI).........................
........................4BASE STATION CO
........................4BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC)........................................................................4BASE TRANSCEIVER (BTS).........................................................................................4EN/LZT 123 3316 R2AlanBionallytnetnIEN/LZT 123 3316 R2AThe main goal of a telecoms operator involves givingsubscribers equipment that can fulfill their needs at reasonablecosts and with a minimum of errors. This requires that properlydimensioned, fully functional and smoothly running tele-serviceStatistics and traffic measurements are tools that aid in thesupervision of exchanges and networks, as well as in short-termand long-term planning. Statistics and traffic measurement canprovide the basis of estimati
on for traffic flow and traffichandling
on for traffic flow and traffichandling capability as well as provide vital information that canaid in the dimensioning of routes and exchanges. Statistics andTraffic Measurements can also be used to keep track of events,which can help identify bad cells and bad areas. They can alsobe used to identify trends, such as increases in the number ofTraffic measurements are used primarily to check serviceperformance to determine the grade of service (GOS) that thecustomers are receiving. Traffic measurements also provide avaluable tool for transition administration. This, in turn, createsEN/LZT 123 3316 R2AMOBILE TELEPHONE NETWORK The mobile telephone, public Land Mobile Network (PLMN),The AUC provides authentication triplets to the HLR uponrequest.
Triplets will be sent to the serving MSC
Triplets will be sent to the serving MSC/VLR and usedto verify the Mobile Subscriber's (MS) identity at call set-up,In the HLR there is a data base where subscriptions are defined.Categories, supplementary services, locations, etc., areassociated with the subscription in the HLR and then passed tothe MSC/VLRs upon request when subscribers enter certainMSC/VLR service areas. Location involves updating of mobilestation location data upon request from a VLR, locationcancellation towards previous VLR and provision of subscriberdata to serving VLR. With the location information of themobile station the HLR can route the calls to the subscriberthrough the VLR and short messages to mobile subscriberthrough SMS-GMSC. The HLR stores services restrictionEN
/LZT 123 3316 R2Ainformation like roami
/LZT 123 3316 R2Ainformation like roaming limitation and restricted forwarded-toA call to a mobile subscriber enters the PLMN through aGMSC. The GMSC interrogates the HLR for a number which isused for routing the call further in the network. The numberreturned from the HLR may be a roaming number or aforwarded-to a number. The roaming number is used for routingthe call to the MSC where the mobile subscriber is located. Theforwarded-to a number is received in the GMSC instead of theroaming number, if a call forwarded-to or single personalnumber supplementary service has been invoked. The call isthen routed according to the forwarded-to number. Charging forthe roaming forwarding leg and forwarded call can be performedThe MSC/VLR tracks the current
location of a mobilesubscriber and switc
location of a mobilesubscriber and switches originating and terminating calls fromand to the MS. It is updated by the HLR whenever a newsubscriber enters its service area. Terminating short messages,routed from the SMS-GMSC, are handled by the MSC/VLR.Charging of originating calls and air time and forwarded-to callsThe EIR is a data base in charge of the management of theA terminated short message to a mobile subscriber is alwaysrouted from the service center to the SMS-GMSC. The SMS-GMSC will interrogate the HLR for the routing information andThe SMS-IWMSC relays messages from the HLR to the serviceEN/LZT 123 3316 R2AThe SC is responsible for the reading, storing and forwarding ofa short message between a short message entity and a mobileThe GI
WU is a network component which is able
WU is a network component which is able to performInterworking functions, related to the bearer capabilities used byThe DTI is a node which is able to perform data protocolconversions needed to connect mobile subscribers to othermobile subscribers and mobile subscribers to subscribers ofother networks. For new operators the DTI is a replacement forthe GIWU, but it can also work alongside existing GIWUequipment for any operator that wishes to expand their existingThe BSC which controls a large number of cells, that may The BTS handles the air interface between the BSC and the MS.The BTS is fully controlled by the BSC. Depending on thenumber of mobile subscribers within a BTS service area, anumber of physical channels will be defined for the differ