Total leukocytes 40110 X 10 9 l Neutrophils 2575 X 10 9 l Eosinophils 004 04 X 10 9 l Monocytes 02 08 X 10 9 l Basophils 00101 X 10 9 l Lymphocytes ID: 784836
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Slide1
Variations in Number
Slide2Normal Values: for adult Caucasian
Total leukocytes
4.0-11.0 X 10 9/l Neutrophils 2.5-7.5 X 10 9/l Eosinophils 0.04- 0.4 X 10 9/lMonocytes0.2- 0.8 X 10 9/lBasophils0.01-0.1 X 10 9/l Lymphocytes 1.5-3.5 X 10 9/l
2
Normal black and Middle Eastern subjects may have lower counts due to margination.
Slide3Variations in Number:
Neutrophilia
Causes are:Infection (bacterial)Inflammatory conditionsNeoplasiaMetabolic conditionsHemorrhage, HemolysisMPD3
Slide4Drugs (e.g. corticosteroid therapy (
inhibits
margination
): lithium, tetracycline)Treatment with myeloid growth factors (e.g. G - CSF)Rare inherited disordersAsplenia4
Slide5Neutropenia
The lower limit of the normal
neutrophil
count is 2.5 *10 9 /L except in black people and in the Middle East where 1.5 *10 9 /L is normal. When the absolute neutrophil level falls below 0.5 *10 9 /L the patient is likely to have recurrent infections5
Slide6Neutropenia
Causes are:
Congenital (
Kostmann’s syndrome)Cyclical neutropeniaMarrow aplasiaMegaloblastic anemiaInfections (typhoid, miliary TB, viral hepatitis)DrugsIrradiationImmune disordersHypersplenism6
Slide7Eosinophilia
Causes are:
Parasitic infectionSkin disordersAllergic conditionsNeoplasiaMyeloproliferative disordersHypereosinophilic syndrome7
Slide88
Slide9Basophilia
:
An increase in blood
basophils above 0.1 *10 9 /L is uncommon.The usual cause is a myeloproliferative disorder such as chronic myeloid leukemia or polycythaemia vera. Reactive basophil increases are sometimes seen in myxoedema, during smallpox or chickenpox infection and in ulcerative colitis.9
Slide10Monocytosis
:
A
rise in blood monocyte count above 0.8 *10 9 /L is infrequent.Causes are:Chronic bacterial infections: tuberculosis, brucellosis, bacterial endocarditis, typhoidConnective tissue diseases – SLE, temporal arteritis, rheumatoid arthritisProtozoan infectionsChronic neutropeniaHodgkin lymphoma, AML and other malignanciesChronic myelomonocytic leukemia10
Slide1111
Slide12Lymphocytosis
Causes are:
Viral infections (infectious mononeuclosis, infectious lymphocytosis, CMV …etc).Bacterial infections: (Pertussis, occasionally healing TB, Brucellosis, Secondary and Congenital Syphilis, Typhoid fever, Diphtheria)Protozoal infections: ToxoplasmosisLymphoproliferative Disorders: CLL, Lymphoma12
Slide1313