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IOLOGY 10.Describe briefly the following:(a) Origin of replication11.Explain briefly12.Discuss with your teacher and find out how to
distinguish between(c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease BIOTECHNOLOGY : PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES205 SUMMARYBiotechnology deals with larg
e scale production and marketing ofproducts and processes using live organisms, cells or enzymes.Modern biotechnology using genetical
ly modified organisms wasmade possible only when man learnt to alter the chemistry of DNAand construct recombinant DNA. This key proc
ess is calledrecombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering. This processinvolves the use of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase
,appropriate plasmid or viral vectors to isolate and ferry the foreignDNA into host organisms, expression of the foreign gene, purifi
cationof the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making asuitable formulation for marketing. Large scale productio
n involvesuse of bioreactors.EXERCISES1.Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medicalpractice? Find out where they a
re used as therapeutics (use the internet).2.Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restrictionenzyme, the substra
te DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts3.From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or4.What would
be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human.5.Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.6.Besid
es better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages7.Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your t
eacher.Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.8.Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a
recombinant DNA9.Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitorproduct. The processes include separation and
purification, which arecollectively referred to as downstream processing. The product has to becontrol testing vary from product to