Source of Energy Autotrophsproducers Ex Heterotrophsconsumers Ex Types of energy Light heat electric chemical Mechanicaltotal energy of a system Kinetic Potentialstored energy two main ways to store energy ID: 778502
Download The PPT/PDF document "Chapter 8 Section 1 Energy" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Chapter 8
Section 1 Energy
Slide2Source of Energy
Autotrophs/producers
Ex.
Heterotrophs/consumers
Ex.
Types of energy
Light, heat, electric, chemical
Mechanical-total energy of a system
Kinetic
Potential-stored energy, two main ways to store energy
Position
Chemical-seen when reaction happens.
Ex.batteries
, petroleum, fire
Slide3ATP
Adenosine tri phosphate
Structure
Adenosine Triphosphate
Slide4Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
ATP
Slide5ATP
Adenosine tri phosphate
Structure
Made in the mitochondria
Stores chemical energy by process of phosphorylation
Adenosine Triphosphate
Slide6ADP
ATP
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery
Figure 8-3
Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
Slide7ATP
Adenosine tri phosphate
Structure
Made in the mitochondria
Stores chemical energy by process of phosphorylation
Adding phosphate and associated energy
ADP + P→ATP
Energy is released by removing terminal phosphateHydrolysisATP→ADP + PAdenosine Triphosphate
Slide8Active Transport
Ex. Na+/K+ Pump
Electrical potential in neurons
Anabolic Reactions
Making proteins, polysaccharides etc.
Make light
How do cells use energy?
Slide9Slide10Slide11http://on.ted.com/Widder11
Bioluminescensce
Slide12Active Transport
Ex. Na+/K+ Pump
Electrical potential in neurons
Anabolic Reactions
Making proteins, polysaccharides etc.
Make light
Each cell only has a small amount of ATP
at one time and it is quickly used up and regeneratedATP doesn’t store much energyHow do cells use energy?
Slide13Chapter 8
Section 2
Slide14Jan Van
Helmont
1600’s
Tried to prove that plants gain mass from soil
Took mass of soil and then planted a seed
After five years, no real change in soil mass
Concluded that water was involved in mass change
Joseph Priestly 1771 Put burning candle in jarDiscovered that if he put plant in same jar for several days, candle would relight“Damaged air”Discovered plants release oxygenJan
Ingenhousz 1779Showed that plants only produce oxygen in presence of sunlightJean SenebierPlants take in carbon dioxidePhotosynthesis Investigated
Slide156 CO
2
+ 6 H
2
O + light
C
6H12O6 + 6O2Photosynthsesis
Slide16Visible Light Energy
PSS
Slide17Slide18Visible Light Energy
Waves
The shorter the wavelength the more energy
PSS
Slide19Slide20Visible Light Energy
Waves
The shorter the wavelength the more energy
Photon
Particles of light
Energy can be used to move electrons
PSS
Slide21Pigment
Substance that has ability to absorb light energy
Color perception
Photosynthetic pigments
Chlorophyll a
Most abundant
Absorb red and blue light
Primary pigmentChlorophyll bAbsorbs red and blue light of slightly different wavelengthsTransfers energy collected to aPigments of PSS
Slide22Slide23Pigment
Substance that has ability to absorb light energy
Color perception
Photosynthetic pigments
Chlorophyll a
Most abundant
Absorb red and blue light
Primary pigmentChlorophyll bAbsorbs red and blue light of slightly different wavelengthsTransfers energy collected to aCarotenoidsAppear orange and yellowTransfers energy collected to aPigments of PSS
Slide24Chapter 8
Section 3- The stages of Photosynthesis
Slide25Location
Structure
Double membrane
Chloroplast Structure
Slide26Slide27Location
Structure
Double membrane
Thylakoid-membranous structure that contains chlorophyll
Site of light dependent reactions
Granum-
Stroma
-dense fluid filled region that surrounds thylakoidsSite of Calvin CycleChloroplast Structure
Slide28Temporary energy storage
Intermediate between food and ATP
Ground state
Excited state
Electrons absorb energy and move to next higher energy level
Highly unstable
NADP+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateAbsorbs 2 e- and H+ ionElectron Carriers
Slide29Chloroplast
Light
O
2
Sugars
CO
2
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + P
NADP
+
Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Slide30Photolysis
Electrons are transferred to PSII
Light boosts electrons to higher energy state
Electrons pass thru ETC
Causes e- to release small amounts of energy
Electrons pass to PS I
Reenergized by light
Pass thru another ETCNADPH is createdLight Dependent Reactions
Slide31Chemiosmosis
Coupled to previous reactions
Light Dependent Reactions continued..
Slide32Hydrogen
Ion Movement
Photosystem II
Inner
Thylakoid
Space
Thylakoid
Membrane
Stroma
ATP synthase
Electron
Transport Chain
Photosystem I
ATP Formation
Chloroplast
Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
Slide33Slide34Chemiosmosis
Coupled to previous reactions
Energy created by first ETC is used to move H+ inside thylakoid
Active transport
H+ passes back out thru ATP SYNTHASE
ADP + P
ATPLight Dependent Reactions continued..
Slide35Takes place in
stroma
Calvin Cycle
Slide36ChloropIast
CO
2
Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
5-Carbon
Molecules
Regenerated
Sugars and other compounds
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle
Slide37Slide38Takes place in stroma
Requires ATP and NADPH created during the light independent reactions to make sugar
6 turns of Calvin Cycle for each glucose molecule
Excess sugar stored as starch for later use
Calvin Cycle