Classification Known Living Species 1830725 Collembola Springtails Larva and Adult Eyespots Segmented legs Abdominal tube Collophore Abdominal furca spring Ephemeroptera maylfies ID: 791328
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Slide1
Orders of Aquatic Insects
Slide2Classification
Slide3Known Living Species = 1,830,725
Slide4Collembola (“Springtails”)
Larva and Adult:
Eyespots
Segmented legs
Abdominal tube (
Collophore
)
Abdominal furca (“spring”)
Slide5Ephemeroptera (“maylfies”)
Larva:
Segmented legs
Compound eyes
2-3 “tails”
Gills on abdomen
Subimago
Dull appearance
Imago (Adult):Antennae inconspicuous
Hindwings
small
2-3 tails
Slide6Odonata
(“dragonflies” and “damselflies”)
Larva
Segmented legs
Compound eyes
Hinged labium
3 terminal plate-like gills or none
Adult
Antennae inconspicuousWings equally long, held above or beside bodyAbdomen long, slender
Slide7Plecoptera (‘stoneflies”)
Larva:
Segmented legs
Compound eyes
2 “tails”
Gills filamentous, thoracic, if present
Adult:
Antennae long
Wings equally long, folded over abdomen, hind wings foldedCerci usually long
Slide8Orthoptera (“grasshoppers”)
Larva and Adult:
Conspicuous antennae
Hind femora large
Slide9Blattodea
Oval body
Head hidden in dorsal view
Cursorial
legs with 5-segmented tarsi
Wings present, sometimes reduced esp.in
♀♀
Slide10Hemiptera-Heteroptera (‘bugs”)
Larva:
Similar to adult
Adult:
Antennae conspicuous or hidden
Beak-like mouthparts
Bases of adult forewings leathery
Slide11Megaloptera
(“hellgrammites/dobsonflies”
and “alderflies”)
Larva:
Eyespots (stemmata)
Segmented legs
7-8 pairs of abdominal filaments
2 pairs anal hooks OR caudal filamentPupa:TerrestrialAdult:
Antennae conspicuous
Many
crossveins along forewing front margins
Slide12Neuroptera
(“
spongillaflies
”)
Larva:
Eyespots (stemmata)
Style-like mandibles
Pupa:
Terrestrial in double cocoonAdult:Megaloptera-likeSmall mandibles
Slide13Trichoptera (“
caddisflies
”)
Larva:
Eyespots (stemmata)
Antennae inconspicuous
Segmented legs
1 pair anal hooks
Pupa:Large mandiblesAdult:Long antennae and palpsHairy wings held roof-like
Slide14Lepidoptera
(“caterpillars/moths”)
Larva:
Eyespots (stemmata)
Segmented legs
With or without gills
In plants
Pupa:
In plantsAdult:Coiled proboscisColorful, scaly wings
Slide15Coleoptera (“beetles”)
Larva:
Eyespots (stemmata)
Segmented legs
No anal hooks OR four hooks OR 2 hooks with hard covering
Pupa:
Terrestrial
Adult:
Antennae short or longHard elytra
Slide16Diptera (“flies”)
Larva:
Head conspicuous or not
No segmented legs
Pupa:
Prothoracic
spiracular
gills (“horns”)
Adult:1 pair of wings1 pair of halters
Slide17Hymenoptera (“wasps”)
Larva:
Eyes/antennae inconspicuous
Thorax indistinguishable
No segmented legs
Pupa:
In host
Adult:
Conspicuous antennaeWings transparent
Hind wings smaller than forewings
Slide18Known living aquatic insect species = 103,225
Slide19Larval Identification
Mature larvae are best
Hand lens with 10–20X for family
Microscope with at least 50X for genus/species
2 pairs of very fine lab forceps
Specimen fully submerged in alcohol
Less than 50% of Nearctic species identifiable -- a serious research need!
Slide20Slide21Relatively Low Tolerance Values
NCBI (
Lenat
1993)
Plecoptera: 1.72 (0.0–6.3)
Trichoptera: 2.33 (
0.0–8.1
)Ephemeroptera: 2.72 (0.0–9.3
)Coleoptera: 5.73 (0.0–10.0)Dip.-Chironomidae 5.91 (0.0–10.0)Megaloptera: 6.20 (5.5–7.5
)
Other Diptera 6.36 (
0.2–10.0)
Odonata: 6.88 (1.6–10.0)