“ Finca Cerdo Magico - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

“

Finca

Cerdo

Magico

”

44 Ha Farm in Madre

Vieja

, San Felipe

dePuerto

Plata

P.To

Plata,

Dominican

Republic

Design by Giorgio

Piracci

, M.

Sc

.,

PDC

Slide2

Contacts

and General Information

Owner and Resident

Name: Jonathan Kaye

Property Address:

Madre

Vieja

, San Felipe de Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic; no specific address available

Geographic coordinates:

19.66162

, -

70.5148 (

owner’s

home)

19.66263, -

70.50913 (

farmer’s

home,

bars

)

Property Size:

44 Ha (108.73Ac)

Contacts:

Jonathan Kaye (Owner) 829

716 9671

Adolfo (Farm manager

) 809 820

8013

Slide3

Mission Statement

To create a sustainable, self-sufficient organic farm able to fulfill any food need of the owner and his guests while maintaining a natural environment and wild landscapes that could be enjoyed from the owner’s home and while horseback riding inside the property.

The farm will become a brilliant example of sustainable living and a recognized model amongst the permaculture settlements in the Dominican Republic, while providing opportunities of education, technical training and socio-economic development to local families.

Slide4

List of Goals

To

reach

100% of self

sufficiency

for

food

(for a

basically

vegetarian

diet

with a small

amount

of

meat

consumption

) for the

owner

and

his

guests

To

maintain

and

possibly

improve

the wild

lookslike

of the site and

its

beautiful

landscapes

To be

completely

off

grid

both

on the private

owner’s

area and on the

productive

agriculture

areas

Slide5

List of Goals

To

reach

the

economic

self-

sustainability

of the farm; to

avoid

any

loss

of

money

; a small

income

from the farm

is

welcome

but

not

mandatory

To

improve

the

technical

skills

of

employee

, to

keep

them

highly

motivated

and

committed

to work for

this

project

and to

improve

their

income

and

quality

of life

To

improve

farm

biodiversity

Slide6

List of Goals

To generate

economic

and

employment

opportunities

for

residents

of the

local

community of Madre

Vieja

To

become

a

recognised

model and an

example

of

sustainable

farm and

permaculture

project

in the

Dominican

Republic.

Slide7

Short description of actual conditions of the project site

We

could

describe

the

project

site

as

a big semi-wild area

that

is

under-

exploited

considering

its

potential

. Just

three

areas

are

currently

used

: a small

hill

on the

south

-west side of the

project

,

where

Jonathan, the

owner

,

built

a

nice

container home.

This

building

is

already

off-

grid

(

electricity

) and

connected

only

to

local

comunal

water

system

. The

surroundings

of

main

home are

kept

clean

through

a

mash

layered

in the

ground

below

a

layer

of

gravel

to

maintain

a

weed

-free area

around

the home.

There’s

not

a

real

zone 1, just some small

tree

(

lemons

and moringa)

recently

planted

and a small garden

where

recently

where

planted

some

vegetables

.

A

second

used

area

is

the

farmer’s

home and

its

surroundings

.

Farmer’shome

is

a

poor

dominican

style home

used

by Casimiro, an

Haitian

man

who

takes

care of the

property

as

employee

.

Around

this

home

there’s

a

recently

planted

food

forest

(

bananas

,

barbados

cherry,

avocadoes

,

sacha

inchi

, cacao);

it

should

be

implemented

and

improved

(

very

basic

and

still

with a

wrong

/

poor

management by

local

farmer

). On the back of the home a

simple

chicken

coup and a barn for

pigs

:

all

is

very

very

simple

,

managed

in a

poor

traidtional

dominican

way.

Beside

this

area

there’s

a barn for cow

milking

(just a

roof

above

a

cemented

floor

).

All

this

features

shows no

technical

equipment

nor

bio-integration

to

other

features

of the farm.

Slide8

The

third

area

is

a

huge

plain

that

is

currently

used

by Casimiro to produce

guandule

,

bananas

, taro,

sweet

potatoes

and papaya.

There

is

a

dripping

system

(spray)

that

could

be

improved

and

optimized

in

its

use.

This

area

has

a

great

potential

for

agriculture

but

is

really

bad

managed

and

there

are

evident

signs

of

soil

degradation

and

erosion

due to

actual

management by the

local

farmer

. The

rest

of the

property

is

basically

kept

wild or semi-wild: the semi wild

areas

are

used

for

cattling

; due to a

lack

of

zonification

and management,

there

are

signs

of

soil

erosion

(

particularly

in

south

facing

slopes

of the

northern

side of the

property

) and an

evident

non

productive

use and

consumption

of the

pastures

and

vegetal

resources

.

Wild

areas

are in

pretty

good

conditions

,

soil

is

generally

covered

by a

good

amount

of

organic

matter

and

vegetal

biodiversity

is

relatively

high (for a

property

in the

Dominican

Republic).

A

creek

runs

across

the

property

,

creating

a cooler canyon (

shaded

and

covered

by

tall

wild

trees

)

that

cuts

the

propery

SWtoNE

.

In general and

considering

the

available

resources

, the site

has

a

great

potential

to

become

a

successful

synergic-organic

self-

sufficient

farm and to

reach

the

goals

and

objectives

expressed

by the

owner

,

even

if

a

wise

planification

is

needed

together

with a

process

of training of

local

staff to

abandon

unsustainable

land

management and

wrong

practices

that

can create

possible

threats

to

soil

quality

and

productivity

and

that

are

very

far from

reaching

the production

potential

of the site.

Slide9

Geographic context and watershed maps

Slide10

Geographic

context

of the

project

:

Bioregion

of Caribbean

Islands

(

Hispaniola

)

N

Slide11

N

Slide12

`

From

this

aerial

photo

we

can

have

a

view

of

the

project

site inside

its

watershed

; the

region is interested by typical constant Tradewinds from ENE; the «Sierra» on SW intercept air moisture and causes a relatively high

rain fall regime on the coast. Property is

located

in the

Yasica

River water

basin

that

collects waters flowing in a general direction S to NE. Main river Yasica connects as affluents to rio Jamao and rio Veragua

N

Slide13

N

Slide14

N

Slide15

N

Slide16

N

Aereal

view

of the

property

with the «

quebrada

»(

creeck

)

that

crosses

the farm

before

jumping

in the

Yasica

RiverGreen

lines are property boundariesYellow lines are micro watershed

limits

Slide17

Base Map

Slide18

A)

Owner’s

home B) Wood

terrace

and

porch

C)

Corrall

D) Gates E) Fence F)

Farmer’s

house

G) Barn H)

Guayaba

trees

I)

Cultivation

L)

Oranges

M) «dry»

creek O) walk ways P) Creek Q) Dirt Road - see next

page for

detailed

description

60mt

120mt

Slide19

Base

Map

Description

A)

Owner’s

home

has

a NE

aspect

;

it’s

a 20x10ft container style home made by «

alusin

/

zinc

»

and

suspended on 3ft columns; the home has water coming

from the road outisde the gate; is off grid and equipped with photovoltaic panels producing 1.8KW; a small bathroom connected by pipes to a septic tank few meters north

of the home; there’s a small kitchen working with propane gas; a small garden with few

radish

, some

malabar

spinaches

and some

other

few plants is on the slope facing the valley; not mulched nor stable as beds are just digged in the soil on the slope

. A small low fence of barbwire surround the smal garden to protect it from

neighbour’s

pigs

(

they

can

enter

the

property

from

fences

B

) Wood

terrace

and

porch

: the

wood

terrace

is

old

and

not

in a

great

shape

, the

porch

is

a «

palapa

» with

hammoks

,

recently

built

,

facing

the small

valley

on the

north

C

)

Corrall

:

it’s

a small

circular

area for

owner’s

horses

fenced

with

wood

and

barbwire

;

there’s

a small

warehouse

built

by

wood

Horses

are

kept

here

only

short time

if

and

when

the

owner

wants

them

for some ride,

otherwise

are

kept

grazzling

free

around

the

property

D

)

Gates:

not

real

gates

, just

rural

fences

by

barbwire

and

poles

Slide20

Base

Map

Description

E)

Fences

: multiple

lines

of

barbwire

surround

the

entire

property

;

should

be

fixed

in some part; it’s not a great barrier at

the moment F)Farmer’s house: a dominican style wood house for the main farm worker ; a small chicken coup is on the back of the building, on the NW wall; a small pig-barn, very simple made by poles and a zinc roof, is

on NW, few meters from the house; is not very

nice

at

the moment

G) Barn; a

very

simple dominican style barn for cow milking; no tools or equipment; roof is made by zincH) Guayaba trees I) Cultivation of plantains, bananas, papayas, batatas, chicken

peas: there is a water system by pipes and sprayers

.

Cultivation

is

not

well

organized

and

managed

just in the «

haitian

» way by the

local

farm

worker

(he

burns

any

crop

residue on the

ground

and

remove

any

soil

coverage

,

weed

or

roots

,

leaving

the

soil

naked

, dry and

impoverished

;

soil

is

already

degraded

in

many

places

(

specially

on the

north

side)

even

if

still

good

in

others

;

south

side

has

a

better

soil

and more

organic

matter

;

Slide21

Base

Map

Description

Orange

tree

s

plantation

;

trees

are

mixed

with

other

plants

such

as royal palm trees, some guanabana

, a cacao tree, and other local wood trees. There’s no management and many trees are completely covered by epiphytic plants such as bromelias and orchids

M) «dry» creek (caño seco); it’s a long natural depression

that

works

only

in

wet

season

during major rain episodes; it runs from the SW hill, moves around the cultivated area and ends in the river; a small depression, close to the walk way that

enter in the cultivation area (I), keep water as a small pondO)

walk

ways:

simple

paths

surrounded

by

barbwire

P)

Creek; water

is

very

clean

;

suffer

of

seasonal

variation

in water

depth

,

following

the

rain

seasons

.

Q)

Dirt

Road

Slide22

Site’s Assessment and Analysis

Sector Compass

Slide23

Winter

Sun

Sector

06:49 

dawn

07:13

sunrise

12:41 

solar

noon

18:09 

sunset

18:33 

dusk

60mt

120mt

Slide24

Summer

Sun

Sector

5:41 

dawn

06:05 

sunrise

12:45  solar

noon

19:24 

sunset

19:49  

dusk

60mt

120mt

Slide25

Average Min and Max Temperatures

Slide26

Wind Sector

Regular

average

winds

Occasional

winter

cold

winds

60mt

120mt

Slide27

Wind

Statisctics

(

ref

.

Sosua

)

Slide28

Seasonal Wind Statistics for

Design Site

(

Sosua

)

Dominican Republic lies in the so called Hurricane Belt. Official Hurricane Season lasts from June to November, however August and September are statistically the months with highest frequency of events. Records show that the country is hit by an hurricane about once every 10 years (a severe hurricane hit, category 3 or more, is even rare); anyway tropical storm winds conditions are a relatively frequent event during hurricane season.

Slide29

Fire

Sector

60mt

120mt

Slide30

Fire

Assessment

The site is interested by regular mid to strong winds from

E/ESE/SE. In the same directions, the farm is surrounded by grasslands that can be easily dry and flammable during summer months. Other threat to be considered is also the bad habit of local farmers to burn “weeds” to keep clean the land; sometime this fires are left uncontrolled; A fire hitting the property from this sector could easily move through the property and, considering the peculiar topography, easily reach the owner’s home, moving first from east side to the center of the farm (dry, open, grassy cultivated area) and then from there going to owner’s home moving rapidly uphill.

Slide31

The

red

arrow

shows the

natural

movement

of

fire

entering

the

property

from

east

and

propagating

,

sustained

by wind from the back, following topography and type of vegetation

60mt

120mt

Slide32

Wildlife

Corridor

/

Sector

The

creek is

the main wild life corridor. Local fauna that can easily visit our site are

some species

of fish,

crayfish,

frogs, toads, egrets, woodpeckers, hawks, snakes (Hispaniola Boa and other minor species), large tarantulas/spiders, mongooses, bats, many kind of small rodents.

60mt

120mt

Slide33

Waterflow

Sector

60mt

120mt

Slide34

Average precipitation (in mm)

Average relative humidity

Slide35

Crime Sector

60mt

120mt

Slide36

Even if criminality is not a big concern or threat in the North Coast of Dominican Republic and other rural areas of the country, due to extreme poverty and the lack of resources and employment, there’s always some degree of risk in terms of “minor” crime such as theft in apartments and homes, robberies or stealing of tools and equipment. Also food or some cultivation (close to harvest time) could be, sometimes, a possible target.

Our project site is located close to a very small rural village without any concerning particular threat in terms of possible crimes. Moreover the farm provides already work to a couple of local workers, one of them living in the property as farmer and watchman, the other as farm manager and living in the close village.

Crime possibility is really weak at the moment, anyway, identifying a crime sector, the south and south west borders of the property are the more concerning, because close to local road and with a fence (barbwires) that can easily be trespassed. The other sides of the farm are protected by

neighbour’s

property, uneasy topography and semi-wild vegetation and trees all around.

Slide37

Site’s Assessment and Analysis

Topographic Profiles

Slide38

Topographic

section

1

Owner’s

home (

black

line)

is

at

79

mts

above

sea

level

Highest

point

is

82mt

asl

, 30

meters

SW from the home (

where

corral

is

)

Slide39

Topographic

section

2

Through

Farm

worker

home (65m

asl

);

lowest

point

of the farm

is

the dry

creek

, 59m

asl

Slide40

Topographic

section

3

Another

section

t

hrough

Farm

worker

‘s home (65m

asl

);

highest

point

of

property

is

115m

asl

Slide41

Topographic

section

4

Slide42

Topographic

section

5

Slide43

Site’s Assessment and Analysis

Microclimate Identification

Slide44

2

3

1

4

5

6

7

Microclimates

Map

See

next

page for

microclimates

description

60mt

120mt

Slide45

1)Microclimate 1 is localized all along the creek that

crosses

the property.

Wet

and remarkably cooler than other areas of the farm. This area is very shaded by tall, old canopy trees and

keept

cool by a vigorous under canopy layer of smaller or younger trees and by running water;

2) Microclimate area 2 is localized in large patches of woody areas of mature

secondary forest

, mostly on south facing slopes. Trees are high with a dense under canopy layer of smaller trees and shrubs. Temperatures here are lower than in other more open areas of the farm (but warmer than in

Microcl

. Area 1)

3) Microclimate 3 is localized in three different patches of the northern side of farm facing South. These areas are hot and dry open areas of low grass and small shrubs, with evident signs of

over

grazling

on the thin soil on a superficial bedrock. Microclimate zone 3 are the warmer of entire property with very high temperatures and solar irradiation;

4) Microclimate area 4 is a small concave sunny “

valley” surrounded

by tall trees; wet and warm with less wind/air circulation than other areas

5) The Microclimate of area 5 is similar to area 2 but much fresher: in fact it is a dense secondary woodland on a general north/north west facing slope.Continue in the next page

Slide46

Microclimate area 6 is a gentle slope facing south rising from the road up to the ridge limit of

Microcl

. Zone 5. Hotter than area 5, with much more solar radiation and a

less

dense vegetation of pasture, shrubs and some tree

(going from

road up to the ridge)

Microclimate area 7 is the area of farm that suffered the biggest changes and modification of the original wild vegetation; it is mainly used for

agricolture

and

cattling

;

in general it

is a wide sunny open area, with grasses, pastures, shrubs, bananas/plantains; many sectors of this area are very sunny and hot with a low and low-density vegetation; air circulation is higher than in other areas of the property.

Slide47

Site’s Assessment and Analysis

Current Zones

Slide48

Current

zones

Map

–

See

next

page for notes

60mt

120mt

Slide49

Current Zones

Zone 1 (red): We find two zone 1: the first is around the owner’s home, a second one around farmer’s house; owner’s home is recently built: there is only a small garden with few plants (some peppers, radish,

malabar

spinaches), some young

moringa

tree, some lemon tree; around farmer’s house there are just few small plants (like coriander, chili peppers, mint) and, on the back of the home, a small chicken coup.

Zone 2 (yellow): main zone 2 is around farmer’s home: we find here a recently planted immature forest garden with plantains, bananas,

guanabana

,

sacha

inchi

,

guandule

, avocadoes,

acerola

(

barbados

cherry); we find here also a plantation of king grass for cows; there is a small pig barn and a small barn for cows; there is another smaller zone 2 close to owner’s home with some plantains, bananas and

guandule

.Zone 3 (blue): it is used as “conunco”, crop area managed in a semi-traditional way by local farmer and its family for the production of guandule, yucca, sweet potato, papaya, bananas, plantains. There are no infrastructures; there is a simple but working irrigation system made by plastic 2”pipes ad sprayers.Zone 4 (brown): It’s a semi-managed area where there are many wild trees and grazing areas used for cows and horses; there is a relatively huge area planted with guayabas and another relatively big area wit oranges trees.Zone 5 (green): two huge ‘wild’ non managed areas, one on the north side of the property and one on the south/south-east

Slide50

Main

Human

Pathways

inside the

property

(

red

arrows

and

lines

– minor

paths

-) and

outside

the

property

(Yellow

arrows

)

60mt

120mt

Slide51

Site’s Assessment and Analysis

Soil testing

Slide52

Sand 39%

Silt 60%

Organic matter 1%

Jar test sample #1 (note: Sedimentation was very fast and in few hours the water of jar was clear and all particles were

sedimented

. This sample was (before testing) soft and crumbly and feel-like talc)

To be

completed

between

April, 6

th

and April 9

th

Slide53

According to soil text calculator, sample 1 is a silt loam

To be

completed

between

April, 6

th

and April 9

th

Slide54

Sand 48%

Silt 47%

Clay 1%

Organic matter 4%

Jar test sample #2 (note: with naked eye is possible to see a very thin layer of clay that is not very clear in the photo. Sedimentation was very fast and in few hours the water of jar was clear and all particles were

sedimented

. This sample was (before testing) soft and crumbly and feel-like talc)

To be

completed

between

April, 6

th

and April 9

th

Slide55

According to soil text calculator, sample 2 is a sandy/silt loam

To be

completed

between

April, 6

th

and April 9

th

Slide56

Site’s Assessment and Analysis

Actual Vegetation List

Slide57

This

is

a non

comprehensive

list of

trees

,

shrubs

,

herbs

and

other

plants

actually

living on site:

See

the attached «Finca Cerdo Magico plant

database» .XLS file for a complete list of plants with detailed infos, uses, cultivation notes etc.TREESAlmendra (Indian Almond, Terminalia catappa), Almendro (Prunus occidentalis

), Amapola (African tulip tree, Spathodea campanulata

),

Anacaguita

(American

pepper

,

Schinus

molle

), Avocado (Persea americana), Bija (Achiote, Lipstick tree, Bixa orellana), Buen Pan (Breadfruits, Artocarpus edulis), Cabori (Casearia aculeata ), Cacao (Theobroma cacao

), Caimito (Purple star apple, Chrysophyllum cainito),

Caoba

(West

Indies

Mahogany

,

Swietenia

mahagoni

), Capa (

Spirotecoma

rubriflora

),

Caya

amarilla

(

Mastichodendron

(

Sideroxylon

 

)

foetidissimum

), Carambola (Star

fruit

,

Averrhoa

carambolo

),

Cajuilito

(Suriname Water

pear

,

Syzygium

aqueum

),

Cereza

(

Acerola

, Barbados Cherry,

Malpighia

glabra),

Cigua

de

madera (

Nectandra

hihua

), Guarano

(

Cupania

americana

), Guanabana

(Annona muricata), Guayaba (Psidium

guajava), Higo Jamo (Ficus trigonata),

Higuero (Crescentia cujete), Jagua

(

Genipa

americana),

Jaiqui

(

Pera

bumelifolia

),

Jina

extranjera

(

Pithecellobium

dulce

),

Jobo

(

Spondias

mombin

), Juan

primero

(

Simarouba

glauca

),

Lechosa

(

Carica papaya

), Limon (

Citrus

limon

),

Mamey

(

Mammea

americana

),

Mamon

(Annona

reticulata

)

,

Mara (

Calophyllum

calaba

), Mango (

Mangifera

indica

), Moringa (

Moringa oleifera

), Naranja (Citrus sinensis), Naranja agria (Bitter orange, Citrus aurantius), Nispero (Manilkara zapota), Pan de fruta (Artocarpus altilis),

Slide58

Penda (

Citharexylum

fruticosum

 

), Palo

blanco

(

Casearia

guianensis

),

Piñon

de

leche

(

Jatropha

curca), Piñon (Gliricidia

sepium), Pomo (Syzygium jambos), Roble Criollo

(Catalpa longissima), Tamarindo (Tamarind, Tamarindus indica), Zapote (Pouteria sapota)PALM TREESPalma cana (Sabal umbraculifera), Coco (Coconut, Cocos

nucifera), Manacla (Mountain Palm, Prestoea montana), Guayiga (Zemia

debilis

), Palma

real

(

Roystonea

hispaniolana

)SHRUBSAlgodon (Cotton, creole cotton, Gossypium barbadense), Buzunuco (Hamelia patens), Camu camu (Myrciaria dubia ), Cayena (Hibiscus

spp.), La Maya (Bromelia chrysantha), Laurel indica (Ficus microcarpa

),

Granada (

Punica

granatum

),

Guanduli

(

Pigeon

pea

,

Cajanus

cajan

), Noni

(Morinda

citrifolia

)

,

Ricino (Castro oli

plant

,

Ricinus

communis

),

Zapatico

(

Pedilanthus

tithymaloides

)

HERBACEOUS PLANTS

Aji

(chili

pepper

,

cayenne,

Capsicum

annuum

, C.

frutescens

& C.

chinense

),

Ajo

(

Garlic

,

Allium

sativum

),

Anamu

(Guinea-

hen

-

weed

, Petiveria

alliacea), Aniseto (C

ake bush, Piper marginatus), Apasote (

Wormseed, Chenopodium ambrosioides), Batata (Sweet

potato,

Ipomoea

batatas

), Begonia

negro (

Chrysothemis

pulchella

),

Berengena

de

tera

(

Solanum

mammosum

),

Slide59

Bruja

(Life

plant

,

Kalanchoe

pinnata

), Cabra

(

Bunchosia

glandulosa

),

Cadillo

de

gato

(

Cockleburr

, Xanthium strumarium),

Clavelito (Tridax procumbens), Hierba lechera

(Euphorbia lanciflora), Helecho spinoso (Asparagus plumosus), Bejuco caro (Cissus sicyoides), Bejuco indico (Chewstick , Gouania lupuloides), Cadillo trs

pies (Gingerbush, Pavonia spinifex), Cardo santo (Mexican prickly

poppy

,

Argemone mexicana

), Cilantro (

Coriander

,

Coriandrum

sativum), Cola de caballo (Horsetail, Equisetum spp. ), Llanten (Plantago major), Oregano poleo (Coleus amboinicus), Marilope (Turnera ulmifolia),

Manicito (Arachis pintoi), Paraguita chino (Cyperus

alternifolius

)

,

Rompe

zaragüey

(Billy

goat

weed

,

Eupatorium

odoratum

),

Savila

(Aloe,

Aloe vera

), Verbena (

Porterweed

,

Stachytarpheta

jamaicensis

)

VINES

Auyama

(Squash,

Cucurbita pepo

),

Chinola

(

Passiflora

edulis

),

Granadilla

(

Passiflora

ligularis

),

Cundeamor

(

Momordica

charantia

), Potos (

Scindapsus

aureus

)

,

Manopoderosa

(

Syngonium

podophyllum

),

Cohitre

enano

(

Callisia

repens), Estefanotis (Madagascar Jasmin,

Stephanotis floribunda),

Slide60

Site’s Assessment and Analysis

Rainwater Site Flow Map & Volume Calculations

Slide61

Site’s

Rain

Water Flow Analysis

60mt

120mt

Slide62

Volume

Calculations

Runoff calculation based on actually existing buildings

Runoff

calculation for

main home

Home Roof

plain surface:

7mt

x

4mt

=

28sq

. Mts

.

Kitchen

Roof plain

surface 3mt

x

2mt = 6sq. Mts.Bathroom Roof plain

surface 3mt x 2mt = 6sq. Mts.Total Surface = 40sq. Mts.Annual Rainfall average: 1880mm/sq. mt.Runoff coefficient: 90% Runoff: 40sq.m x 1880 x 0.90 = 67,680 Liters (17879.22 US Gallons)Monthly Average 5,640 Liters/Month

(1489.935 US Gallons/Month)

Slide63

Runoff

calculation for

farmer’s home

Home Roof

plain surface:

12mt

x

8mt

=

96sq

. Mts

.

Chicken coup Roof

plain

surface 3mt

x

4mt

=

12sq. Mts.

Total Surface = 108sq. Mts.Annual Rainfall average: 1880mm/sq. mt.Runoff coefficient:

90% Runoff: 108sq.m x 1880 x 0.90 = 182,736 Liters (48273.9 US Gallons)Monthly Average 15,228 Liters/Month (4,022.825 US Gallons/Month)

Slide64

Runoff

calculation for

cow’s barn

Home Roof

plain surface:

8mt

x

7mt

=

56sq

. Mts

.

Annual Rainfall average: 1880mm/sq.

mt.

Runoff coefficient:

90

%

Runoff

:

56sq.m x 1880 x 0.90 = 94,752

Liters (25,030.91 US Gallons)Monthly Average 7,896 Liters/Month (2,085.91 US Gallons/Month)

Slide65

Final Design