Causes and Effects amp The people who made it happen Agenda Migrations that formed Tennessee Political Conditions in Tennessee Military Situation Cloaks and Daggars Starts and Stumbles Execution ID: 705604
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Slide1
1861 East Tennessee Unionist Rebellion
Causes and Effects
&
The people who made it happenSlide2
Agenda
Migrations that formed Tennessee
Political Conditions in Tennessee
Military Situation
Cloaks and
Daggars
Starts and Stumbles
Execution
Lessons LearnedSlide3
Migrations
Settlement along with Watauga River 1770
James Robertson
John Sevier
Jurisdiction
VirginiaNorth CarolinaIf not them, then who?Slide4
Migrations
Watauga Association Government
13 Member Legislative Body
5 of those appointed as Commissioners
1 of those 5 elected by Commissioners as Chairman who presided over the Courts.
Watauga Association 1772“They were the first men of American Birth to establish a free and independent community on the Continent” (Theodore Roosevelt Winning of the West, p183)
“…the first written compact for civil government anywhere west of the
Alleghanies
." (JGM Ramsey, Annals of Tennessee p107)Slide5
Migrations
1779 Nashville is founded by James Robertson and other
Wataugans
.
1784 – 1788 State of FranklinSlide6
Migrations
June 1
st
1796 Tennessee Statehood
Knoxville as Capital
Constitution seemingly a recitation of all previous wrongs against the people of Watauga and protections against it.Thomas Jefferson, referring to Tennessee’s Constitution said, “"The most republican of all the constitutions adopted by the states
.“Slide7
Migrations
Trade
Easier Farming
More Room!Slide8
Politics
Political InfluenceSlide9
Politics
Nashville
and Middle Tennessee – Explosive Growth.
1790 – 1830 Nashville grew 273%
1817 Capital of Tennessee moves to Murfreesboro
1826 Capital is moved again to Nashville
Knoxville and East Tennessee – Stagnant Growth
1790 - 1830 Knox county grew only 20% after suffering an 18% loss of population in 1810.
The removal of the Capital from Knoxville had to rub the people of East Tennessee the wrong way.Slide10
Politics
Tension by the numbers
February 1861 Secession Convention vote fails by roughly 9,000 votes
East Tennessee rejects the proposal 33,000 – 7,000
Many counties rejecting by 80% or greater
Unionist ConventionsMay 30
th
Convention in Knoxville
Report made no friends with their opposition.
Adjourned to await the outcome of the June 8
th
vote on Secession “subject to the call of the President”Slide11
Politics
Tennessee secedes from the Union June 8
th
, 1861
East Tennessee Unionist Convention President T.A.R. Nelson calls for a second meeting in Greeneville on June 17
th.Unionists on the way to Greeneville attacked near Strawberry Plains by Louisiana Tigers as the passed on the tracks.
Louisana
Tigers ride into Greeneville during the convention and “committed some minor outrages”.
Exciting time. Much lively debate, what time they were not dodging armed and angry Confederate soldiers.Slide12
Politics
Greeneville Convention Debate
Opening Remarks by John Netherland
T.A.R. Nelson’s Resolutions
Supported by Rev. William Blount Carter and others
Oliver P Temple’s ResolutionsSupported by Horace Maynard and others
Very heated debates but a final list of 6 Resolutions were passed by acclamation.
There is some evidence to suggest that some of the participants were just ready to go home.Slide13
Military situation
Late summer 1861 in the Western Theatre
Reverend William Blount Carter leaves Tennessee for Kentucky.
Kentucky
A few Union raw regiments still organizing
Home Guards defending counties, loyalties suspectState Militia was forming under orders of Simon B Buckner
Tennessee
Confederate Troops travelling by rail to Virginia
Bridges guarded by Confederate troops
Union Regiments quietly gathering Slide14
Military Situation
September of 1861 in the Western Theatre
Kentucky
September CSA General Polk takes Columbus Kentucky
September had several Infantry and Cavalry organizations in the field.
Neighboring states began sending troops to Kentucky
Tennessee
CS General
Zollicoffer
moves into Kentucky
Cumberland Gap occupied by CS Col
Churchwell
(4
th
TN) and Rains(11
th
TN)
Reverend Carter goes to WashingtonSlide15
Cloaks & Daggers
Rev. William Blount Carter’s PlanSlide16
Cloaks & Daggers
Rev. William Blount Carter’s Plan
President Lincoln agrees to the plan
Secretary of State Seward offers $2,500 for the cause
General McClellan will keep the Army of Northern Virginia and Confederates in Middle Tennessee busy.
Return trip…
Stops at Camp Dick Robinson
Gen. Thomas convinces Gen. Sherman
Date is set for November 8
th
.
Takes Daniel Fry and William
Pickens
back with him.Slide17
Cloaks & Daggers
Rev. William Blount Carter’s Lieutenants
Alfred Madison Cate
William Cross
William Pickens
David Fry
Daniel StoverSlide18
David Fry
William Pickens
William Cross
Cloaks & Daggers
Colonel Daniel Stover, 4
th
Tennessee Infantry
Daniel StoverSlide19
Cloaks & Daggers
Captain David Fry, Co F, 2
nd
Tennessee Infantry
David FrySlide20
Cloaks & Daggers
Colonel William Cowan Pickens, 3
rd
Tennessee Infantry
William PickensSlide21
Cloaks & Daggers
William Cross
William CrossSlide22
Cloaks & Daggers
Captain Alfred Madison Cate, Co G, 6
th
Tennessee Infantry
Alfred Madison CateSlide23
Starts and Stumbles
Reverend Carter had his men set.
October 16
th
1861
October 21st 1861October 28
th
1861
Can’t
unring
the bellSlide24
Starts and Stumbles
October 16th 1861 – Sherman meets with
SecWar
Cameron
McClellan
100,000
100 Miles
Fremont
60,000
Sherman
18,000
100 Miles
300+ MilesSlide25
Starts and Stumbles
October 21
st
1861 – Battle at Camp Wildcat
Zollicoffer
ThomasSlide26
Starts and Stumbles
October 28
th
1861 – Battle at Camp Wildcat
Sherman
Buckner
AS JohnstonSlide27
Cloaks & Daggers
Rev. William Blount Carter’s
Plan already in trouble…
But the show must go on…Slide28
Cloaks & Daggers
November 9
th
, 1861Slide29
David Fry
William Pickens
William Cross
Execution
Colonel Daniel Stover, 4
th
Tennessee Infantry
Daniel Stover
Daniel Stover
B
:
14 NOV 1826
Carter, Tennessee,
USA
D
:
18 DEC 1864
Nashville, Davidson, Tennessee, USA
Married Mary Johnson
- B
:
8 May 1832
Greeneville, Greene, Tennessee, USA
- D
:
19 April 1883
Bluff City, Sullivan, Tennessee,
USA
- Daughter of Senator Andrew Johnson
"Only one of these bridges, the one over the Holston, was destroyed. The other was guarded by Captain David McClelland's company of Confederate Infantry, and the attempt at its destruction was therefore abandoned.. There was a guard of two men at the Watauga Bridge. These were easily overpowered and captured. Their lives were spared on the promise that they would not reveal the names of the men who burned the bridge. Yet they went away and disclosed the names of all whom they recognized.“
East Tennessee and the Civil War, OP Temple, p385Slide30
execution
Captain David Fry, Co F, 2
nd
Tennessee Infantry
David Fry
Captain David Fry
B
:
1825
Tennessee
, USA
D
:
bef
1880
Married
Catherine S
Goreley
B:
1824
Tennessee
, USA
Bridge successfully destroyed.
Overall Success in doubt
5 of the 8 men involved hanged by Confederate Authorities
Captain Fry mustered each
member of his party into Co F, 2
nd
East Tennessee the night before.Slide31
execution
Jacob and Henry Harmon
David Fry
Jacob Harmon
B
:
2 JUN
1818
Midway
, Greene County, Tennessee, USA
D
:
17 DEC
1861
Knoxville
, Knox County, Tennessee,
USA
Married
3 November
1837
Greene
, Tennessee, United
States
Malinda Self
B
:
26 Jan
1818
Midway
, Greene, Tennessee,
USA
D
:
30 May
1872
Midway
, Greene, Tennessee,
USA
Henry Harmon
B:
3 Sept
1839
Midway
, Greene, Tennessee, United States
D:
17 Dec
1861
Knoxville
, Tennessee, USA
Pottertown
\ Harmon Cemetery
Greeneville Tennessee
Find A Grave Memorial# 9101540Slide32
execution
Jacob Madison
Hinshaw
& Henry Fry
David Fry
Jacob Madison
Hinshaw
B:
8 DEC
1840
Hawkins
County, Tennessee, USA
D:
30 NOV
1861
Greene
County, Tennessee,
USA
Married
Almarinda
Walker
B
:
About
1839
Tennessee
, USA
D:
18 October
1913
Hawkins
County, Tennessee, USA
Henry Fry
B:
7 DEC
1823
Greene
County, Tennessee, USA
D:
30 NOV
1861
Greeneville
, Greene County, Tennessee,
USA
Married
9 Nov
1843
Greene
County Tennessee
Maria Barbara
Wampler
B
:
11 Nov
1824
Mosheim
, Greene County Tennessee
D
:
10 Jun 1899
Find A Grave# 73702193
Blue Springs Cemetery, Mosheim, Greene County
Tennessee
Jacob M
Hinshaw
Private
Co F
2
nd
Tennessee Infantry
Long Cemetery
Hawkins County
TennesseeSlide33
execution
Christopher Alexander
Haun
David Fry
Christopher Alexander
Haun
B
:
14 SEP
1821
Greene
County, Tennessee, USA
D:
11 Dec
1861
Knoxville
, Knox County, Tennessee,
USA
Married
29 Dec
1846
Greene
, Tennessee
Elizabeth Cobble
B
:
1820
Greene
, Tennessee, United States
D:
10 Mar
1909
Greene
, Tennessee, United States
Concord Baptist Church Cemetery
436 Concord Road, Mohawk, TN 37810Slide34
execution
Harrison Self
David Fry
Harrison Self
B:
15 Jul
1813
Gap
Creek Valley, Greene, Tennessee,
United States
D:
23 May
1888
Rush
, Indiana, United
States
Married
Sarah
Camias
Cobble
B:
28 Aug
1810
Tennessee
, United States
D:
1863
Blue
Springs, Greene, Tennessee,
United StatesSlide35
execution
Hugh Andrew Self
David Fry
Hugh Andrew Self
B
:
9 Apr
1845
Blue
Springs, Greene, Tennessee,
United States
D:
20 Oct
1910
McDonald
County, Missouri,
USA
Married
26 Aug
1875
Greene
,
Tennessee
Happy M
Ealy
B:
Oct
1858
Greene
, Tennessee, USA
D:
27 Jan
1924
McDonald
, Missouri, USA
Find A Grave Memorial# 49091515
Owsley Union Cemetery
Longview (McDonald County)
McDonald County
Missouri, USASlide36
execution
Colonel William Cowan Pickens, 3
rd
Tennessee Infantry
William Pickens
Colonel William Cowan Pickens
B:
07 MAR
1825
Sevier
County, Tennessee, USA
D:
8 Apr
1872
Sevier
, Tennessee, United
States
Married
11 Feb
1847
Blount
,
Tennessee,USA
Susan
McCammon
B
:
1830
Lowes
Ferry, Blount,
Tennessee
, United
States
D
:
1886
Blount
, Tennessee,
United States
Eusebia Cemetery,
Eusebia,
Sevier Co
TennesseSlide37
execution
Colonel Daniel
Mack Ray
, 2
nd
Tennessee Cavalry
William Pickens
Colonel Daniel Mack Ray
B:
27 MAR
1833
Yancey
County,
NC,
USA
D:
1913
Woodson
County, Kansas,
USA
Married
Louise A. Farris
B:
Mar
1828
Kentucky
D:
1900
Woodson
County, Kansas
Yates Center
Woodson County
Kansas, USA
Plot: Block 11 # 49
Find A Grave
Memorial# 48364879Slide38
execution
Other members of the team
William Pickens
James Montgomery
(became Captain in the US Volunteers)
Abe Smith
B.F. Franklin
White
Underdown
(became Lieutenant in the US Volunteers)
William Montgomery
(became Captain in the US Volunteers)
Elijah Gamble
(became Lieutenant in the US Volunteers)
"a father and a son - the son objecting to the mention of either his father's or his own name."
All men from Sevier County
Private James
Keelan
B:
1828
Virginia
D:
12 Feb
1895
Bristol
, Sullivan County, Tennessee,
USA
Married
25 Oct
1846
Knox
,
Tennessee
Mary
Hoeper
B:
abt
1825
Tennessee
D
:Slide39
execution
William Cross
William Cross
There is little information on the fate or identity of the men involved in the effort to burn the bridge at Loudon. A certain William Cross is mentioned by Temple.
There is a William Cross associated with the 3
rd
Tennessee Infantry:
Soldier's Rank
In:Major
Soldier's Rank
Out:Colonel
Alternate name:
Film Number:M392 roll 4
Src
: NPS Soldiers and Sailors
The other leaders assigned to bridges eventually found their way to a similar rank in one of the early Tennessee Union organizations(Infantry and Cavalry) so Col. William Cross may well be the man.
Chances are the bridge was heavily guarded and the attempt was abandoned.Slide40
execution
Captain Alfred Madison Cate, Co G, 6
th
Tennessee Infantry
Alfred Madison Cate
Captain Alfred Madison Cate
B:
20 Dec
1822
McMinn
County, Tennessee, USA
D:
13 Sep
1871
Sweetwater
, Monroe, Tennessee,
USA
Married
7 Nov 1843
Monroe Tennessee USA
Louisa J Walker
B:
1824
Tennessee
, United States
D
:
aft 1900
Buried in Wells Cemetery, Hamilton County,
TennesseeSlide41
execution
Captain Alfred Madison Cate
Adam Thomas
Jesse F Cleveland
Eli Cleveland
Thomas L Cate (Brother of A.M. Cate)
Hiwassee Bridge
Thomas L Cates
B
:
3 Jun
1833
Tennessee
, USA
D:
19 Mar
1907
Cleveland
, Bradley, Tennessee,
USA
Married
1860
Tennessee
, United
States
Margaret Hall
B
:
28 Dec
1842
Bradley
County,
Tennessee
D:
25 Jun
1918
Cleveland
, Bradley,
Tennessee
Fort Hill Cemetery
Cleveland
Bradley County
Tennessee, USA
Plot: 14, Plot
056
Find A Grave
Memorial
# 39704185Slide42
execution
Captain Alfred Madison Cate
W.T. Cate (Brother of A.M. Cate)
W.H. Crowder
Chattanooga Bridge
William T Cate
B:
13 Jan
1830
Tennessee
, United States
D:
14 Sep
1882
Tennessee
, United
States
Married
Malissa
J Overton
B:
abt
1834
Tennessee, United States
D:
21 Jun 1864
Sheriff
William
T.
Cate
Hamilton County Sheriff's Department,
Tennessee
End of Watch: Thursday, September 14, 1882
“Sheriff
Cate and Deputy Sheriff John Conway were shot and killed when a prisoner they were transporting escaped
.”Slide43
execution
Captain Alfred Madison Cate
R.B. Rogan
James D. Keener
Bridgeport AlabamaSlide44
Lessons Learned
The East Tennessee Rebellion was an emotional response.
The resulting persecution had an enormous impact.
The Failure of Federal Army Commanders to send that Military Column provides one of the greatest “What ifs” of the Civil War.Slide45
THANK YOU!
Questions?
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