Medical Conditions Affecting Athletes Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycemia and Insulin Shock Asthma ExerciseInduced Asthma EIA Seizure Disorders Epilepsy Appendicitis Insect Stings and Bites Genetic Heart Conditions ID: 775169
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Chapter 3
Medical Conditions
Slide2Medical Conditions Affecting Athletes
Diabetes MellitusHypoglycemia and Insulin ShockAsthmaExercise-Induced Asthma (EIA)Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy)
AppendicitisInsect Stings and BitesGenetic Heart ConditionsSickle-Cell AnemiaCommon Viruses
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Slide3Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Urinating oftenFeeling very thirsty Itchy dry skinFeeling very hungryExtreme fatigueBlurry visionCuts/bruises that are slow to heal
Weight loss—even though you are eating more (type 1)Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands/feet (type 2)More infections than usual
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Slide4Immediate Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes requires a doctor’s care.Often symptoms can be controlled through diet.Sometimes an injection of insulin is needed to prevent a coma.If the athlete goes into a coma, treat the athlete for shock, contact EMS, and monitor vital signs.
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Slide5Immediate Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Follow physician instructions.If athlete has not been diagnosed with diabetes but displays any of the previously listed symptoms, instruct athlete to consume a small amount of sugar and to consult a physician for diagnosis and treatment.
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Slide6Immediate Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
If symptoms in undiagnosed athlete do not resolve within 10 minutes of consuming sugar, or if the symptoms become worse, contact EMS.
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Slide7Symptoms of Hypoglycemia and Insulin Shock
HungerRacing heartbeatSweatingShaking Inability to think clearlyHeadache
Physical weaknessLoss of motor coordinationIrritabilityDrowsiness that can lead to anxiety
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Slide8Immediate Treatment of Hypoglycemia and Shock
Hypoglycemic athletes should consume sugar at the onset of symptoms.Ensure food consumed contains true sugarCandy or orange juice should be readily available in the event a reaction occursContact EMS if symptoms do not resolve within 10 minutes of consuming sugar or if symptoms become worse.
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Slide9Symptoms of Asthma
Include wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness of the chest, and coughingSymptoms can cause the patient to hyperventilate and become dizzy.Attacks may result from an allergic reaction to a plant, an animal, a food, or smoggy conditions.Attacks are potentially life-threatening.
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Slide10Immediate Treatment of Asthma
If athlete has prescribed medication, he or she should use it.Have athlete sit down with arms elevated.Have athlete breathe through the nose.Contact EMS.Encourage athlete to use inhaler.
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Slide11Athlete should attempt to drink water, perform controlled breathing, and relax.If something in the area caused the attack, remove the item or the athlete.
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Immediate Treatment of Asthma
Slide12Exercise-Induced Asthma (EIA)
Attack can be caused by exercise and triggered in dry, cold air. Other factors include smog, smoke, high pollen counts, poor physical condition, intensity of exercise, respiratory infection such as a cold, and chemicals such as chlorine from a swimming pool.
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Slide13Symptoms and Treatment of Exercise-Induced Asthma (EIA)
Symptoms include wheezing or high pitched noise when breathing, chest pain, chest tightness, fatigue during exercise, dry cough, or stomach cramps post exerciseTreatment is the same as with asthma.
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Slide14Symptoms of Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy)
Grand mal seizureUncontrollable shakingFalling to the groundLoss of consciousnessDefecation/urinationBiting the tongueOther injury due to shaking/spasms
Petit mail seizurePerson rarely fallsMuscular contractions less severe Sudden stopping of activity for several seconds to a few minutesPossible loss of consciousness
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Slide15Symptoms of Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy)
Whether or not consciousness is lost, the patient may have no memory of the seizure after it is over. Partial, or focal, seizures are also possible. In these seizures, only a portion of the body is affected and loss of consciousness may or may not occur.
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Slide16Immediate Treatment of Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy)
Ensure the victim does not incur harm. Clear the area around the person who is having the seizure so the person cannot get hurt or hurt anyone else. Loosen any restricting clothing. Make sure the victim’s airway remains open. Contact EMS.
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Slide17Symptoms of Appendicitis
Pain in the lower right quadrant of abdomenNauseaVomitingFeverEither diarrhea or constipationSymptoms appear suddenly, usually over a period of 2-3 hours.
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Slide18Immediate Treatment of Appendicitis
Athlete will usually find some relief by bringing the knees to the chest The sudden onset of abdominal pain should always be treated with great caution .If the appendix bursts, the infection will spread into the abdominal cavity. This can be life-threatening.
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Slide19Contact EMS. Surgery is often required.
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Immediate Treatment of Appendicitis
Slide20Symptoms of Insect Stings and Bites
NauseaDifficulty breathingSwellingHivesFeeling of faintness or dizzinessSwollen tongue
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Slide21Immediate Treatment of Insect Stings and Bites
Remove the stinger with the use of tweezers or by scraping gently across the skin with a fingernail or credit card. Wash the area with soap and water. Apply ice to decrease the swelling.If the person has a reaction or has had one before, contact EMS.
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Slide22If symptoms increase, such as difficulty breathing or wheezing, tightness in the throat or feeling the airway is closing, anxiety or dizziness, or loss of consciousness, inject epinephrine immediately.
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Immediate Treatment of Insect Stings and Bites
Slide23Symptoms of Genetic Heart Conditions
Chest painHeart palpitationsShortness of breathSweatingDizziness and/or unusual fatigue during or after exercise
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Slide24Immediate Treatment of Cardiac Arrest
Regardless of the cause or underlying condition of the heart, cardiac arrest is always treated the same way.Contact EMS. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This is a life-threatening emergency.
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Slide25Symptoms of Sickle-Cell Anemia
Sickle-cell crisis (collapse) can be caused by altitude, intense exercise, heat, high fever, dehydration, and asthma.Symptoms include:Muscle pain, cramping, abnormal weakness, undue fatigue, or shortness of breath
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Slide26Immediate Treatment of Sickle-Cell Crisis
If the athlete collapses, treat as a medical emergency and call 911. Calm and cool the athlete.
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Slide27Symptoms of Common Viruses
Respiratory symptomsRunny or stuffy nose, sore throat, headache, cough, fatigueGastrointestinal symptomsNausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, fever, and chillsDehydration A possibility when vomiting, diarrhea, or fever is present
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Slide28Immediate Treatment of Common Viruses
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.Primary means of relief are rest, OTC cold and flu remedies, and time.Most of these viruses last no more than a few days.If the athlete has severe diarrhea, refer to a physician.
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