University of Minnesota Dept Soil Water amp Climate Southwest Research and Outreach Center Jeff Strock PhD Soil Scientist 12 October 2011 Ag Water Summit Drainage System Management ID: 269656
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Slide1
Drainage Water Management to meet Agronomic and Environmental goals
University of Minnesota Dept. Soil, Water, & ClimateSouthwest Research and Outreach Center
Jeff Strock, Ph.D.Soil Scientist
12 October, 2011
Ag. Water Summit – Drainage System Management
Bloomington, MNSlide2
Conclusions
There are no silver bullets when it comes to drainage water management practices to solve water quality impairments. Need to assess tradeoffs.Use silver buckshot!!!!!Appropriate drainage system designsControlled drainage
Ditch design / managementWater storage / WetlandsSide inlet controlsBioreactors / Bio CurtainsBuffers / WaterwaysCropping SystemsSlide3
Question 1
Yield is a function of ____________?
Previous cropSoil organic matterClimate (temperature and precipitation)
Fertility (adequate P, K, Zn)Pest control
DrainageTillage
GeneticsSlide4
Question 2
How much N does it take to produce 200 bu/A corn crop?Assumptions0.75 lb N removed with grain 0.55 lb N removed with stover0.35 lb N removed by rootsSlide5
The answer is -
~330 lb N/acre(200 x 0.75) + (200 x 0.55) + (200 x 0.35) = 330So where does it all come from?
Typical N application rate for Southern MN = 150 lb N/acre330 – 150 = 180 lb N/acreMineralization of soil organic matter and residue
Estimates: 1% SOM = 40 lb N (+/- 25-50%)So, 4.0% SOM = 160 lb N/acRainfall ~ 10 lb/ac/yr
Previous crop40 to 175 lb N/acreSlide6
Question 3
How much water does it take to produce 200 bu/A corn crop?Slide7
The answer is -
~ 2,750 gallons/bushelor
~ 550,000 gallons/acreDuring a hot July, an acre of corn can use 7,000 – 8,000 gallons per day.
550,000 gallons
1 acre
X
1 acre-inch
27,154 gallons
=
20 inches
(
range
18
–
22
inches)
Depends on Frequency, Intensity ,Duration, AmountSlide8
Nitrate nitrogen
10 parts per million Nitrate-N (ppm)In one
gallon of water, 10 ppm equals 1.3 thousandths of an ounce of N.
One foot of soil contains six inches of water
Six inches of water = 1.35 million lb per acre (1 acre-foot = 27,154 gal; 1 gal water = 8.34 lb)
So, it only
takes
13.5
pounds of nitrate-N per acre to reach 10 parts per million nitrate-N
Every pound counts!
AssumptionsSlide9
WHAT IS DRAINAGE WATER MANAGEMENT?Slide10
Definition
Drainage Water Management is the use of drainage practices that are designed to provide benefits of drainage while minimizing negative impacts on the environment.
Appropriate drainage system designsControlled drainageDitch design / managementWater storage / Wetlands
Side inlet controlsBioreactors / Bio Curtains
Buffers / WaterwaysCropping SystemsSlide11
APPROPRIATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESIGN
(depth, spacing, etc.)contributed by Dr. Gary Sands, UMNSlide12
Drainage System DesignSlide13
CONTROLLED DRAINAGESlide14
Controlled DrainageSlide15
Upper Midwest Research
5-State CIG Project
Southwest Minnesota
http://www.admcoalition.com/stateresources.html
http://swroc.cfans.umn.edu/index.htmSlide16
Controlled Drainage in MN
Corn & Soybean Digest
October 2009Slide17
Redwood Co. Research SiteHicks Family FarmSlide18
Illinois – CIG Slide19
Indiana – CIG Slide20
Iowa – CIG Slide21
Minnesota – CIG Slide22
Controlled DrainageBenefits
Needs
Additional evaluation of practice under different soil types and climate conditionsQuantify GHG emissions under different management conditionsQuantify phosphorus lossesAdditional Education and Training for contractors, TSP’s, etc.Reduced drainage volume
Reduced nitrate loadReduced phosphorus loadNeutral to modest yield increaseSlide23
THANK YOU!
jstrock@umn.edu507-752-5064
www.swroc.cfans.umn.edu/