101 That means the whole ball of wax Terms of art fracking One word to capture all of the activities Fracking includes Drill pad activities and the well pad during production High volume ID: 272219
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Slide1
Fracking 101
That means the whole ball of waxSlide2
Terms of art - fracking
One word to capture all of the activities
“
Fracking
” includes
Drill pad activities and the well pad during production
High volume
slickwater
hydraulic fracturing
Storage of water and wastewater
Gathering lines and compressors
Centralized compressor stations and larger pipelines
Air emissions from well pad and storage/transport
Truck traffic, accidents, and damage to roads
Temporary workers, man camps, high rent, no hotels
Political pressure (jobs), regulations, public hearings
Liquid and solid waste disposal (landfill/injection)Slide3
Burnett road near flower mound 1995Slide4
Burnett road near flower mound 2005Slide5
What to frack?
Vertical well extraction
Fracturing used to increase
flowpaths
to wellbore
Small volumes of water and chemicals (50,000 gal)
Small pressures
Horizontal well extraction
Fracturing used to create
flowpaths
in the entire formation to release oil and gas
Multiple horizontal legs to increase exposure
Significant volumes of water (millions of gallons) and chemicals (1000’s of gallons of many different types)
HVSW
fracking
- numerous times per well
Spiderweb
of well pads – many wells per pad
Cased hole versus open hole
frackingSlide6
Vertical vs horizontal
http://www.neb-one.gc.ca/clf-nsi/archives/rnrgynfmtn/nrgyrprt/ntrlgs/prmrndrstndngshlgs2009/
prmrndrstndngshlgs2009-eng.htmlSlide7
Uses More of everything
Water use
Number of wells per pad
Length of the production string
Chemicals
Compressors
Pipelines
Tank farms, centralized water impoundments
Trucks
Residual waste
PeopleSlide8
Land along hwy 373 in 1995Slide9
Land along hwy 373 in 2005 Slide10
Land along hwy 373 in 2008Slide11
Land along hwy 373 in 2014Slide12
Closeup of well pad area in 1995Slide13
Closeup of well pad area in 2008Slide14
Super Close-up of well pad area in 2014Slide15
‘two cell’ drill pit (earthworks photo)Slide16Slide17
http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/implementation/barnett_shale/bs_images/txOilGasWells.png
Eagle ford shale
Barnett shale
Permian basin
Barnett shaleSlide18
https://www.tceq.texas.gov/airquality/barnettshale/bshale-maps
http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/implementation/barnett_shale/bsAnnualWellCount.pdf
Barnett Shale Formation only
17,361 currently producing gas wells
1,018 currently producing oil wells
18,329 total number of producing wells
All Formations including Barnett Shale
25,462 currently producing gas wells
15,770 currently producing oil wells
41,232 total number of producing wells
Permitted but not yet producing – 7,693 wellsSlide19
Depth location of barnett shale
http://www.eesi.psu.edu/news_events/EarthTalks/2009Spring/materials2009spr/BarnettShGasJarvie.pdf
Cretaceous - aquifers
Barnett shale
The Barnett shale formation
occurs at depths less than 8000 feet
a
nd is composed of two parts
t
he Upper Barnett (lean)
and Lower Barnett (rich)Slide20
Aquifers across dallas-ft worth area
http://129.116.232.161/presentations/2007_presentations/Nicot_DallasOct20-2007.pdf Slide21
Simplified view of completion methodSlide22
https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1017851-rrc-map-of-eagle-ford-shale-jan-6-2014.html
Eagle Ford Shale FormationSlide23
http://geology.com/articles/eagle-fordSlide24
Aquifer cross-section eagle ford shale
http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/gam/czwx_s/CZWX_S_FinalReport_Part1.pdfSlide25
Base of freshwater at eagle ford shale
http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/gam/czwx_s/CZWX_S_FinalReport_Part2.pdfSlide26
Eagle ford shale 2008-2014 productionSlide27
Eagle ford shale - karnes and whitsett
2008Slide28
Eagle ford shale - karnes and whitsett
2014Slide29
Eagle ford shale SW karnes lines of well padsSlide30
Eagle ford se of peggy, tx 2008Slide31
Eagle ford se peggy, tx 2012Slide32
Eagle ford shale centralized pit and pads 2008Slide33
Eagle ford shale centralized pit and pads 2008Slide34
Close-up of active well pad 2012Slide35
Close-up of active well pad pits 2012Slide36
Compressor station in eagle ford shale
2008
2010
2014Slide37
Compressor station in backyard (earthworks)Slide38
Eagle ford shale ponds 2008 pre-constructionSlide39
Eagle ford shale pond and pad 2012Slide40
Eagle ford shale well pit breech 2014Slide41
Close-up of well pad breech 2014Slide42
Nimby – not in my
actual
backyard
Drilling close to homes, businesses, and parks
Noise, lights, and traffic
Air pollution, smog, and health impacts
Property value, mortgage issues, and safety concerns
Destruction of farmland
State regulations difficult to change
Local ordinances
Protecting public health, water, and air
Takes courage and serious communication
Federal lands
Trading small royalties for long-term access
Potential for environmental impact assessmentSlide43
Do you
think this is Too
close to homes, parks, and
hospitalsSlide44
Not In my actual backyardSlide45
More backyards in texas (earthworks photo)Slide46
Farmland near dish tx 1995Slide47
Farmland near dish tx 2001Slide48
Farmland near dish tx 2005Slide49
Close-up of farmland tractor patternsSlide50
Close-up of farmland well pad siteSlide51
Odd way of saying things
Energy independence means exporting LPG
Economic development means boom town during drilling and bust town when they are done.
Leasing oil and gas rights means we can drill just about any where we want and give you a pittance
Strict regulations means less regulations
Disclosure means using a website designed to be difficult to retrieve information
Methane gas in your water well is natural
Radioactivity in drill cuttings and wastewater is
NORMalSlide52
A-between outside casing and cement
B-between inside casing and cement
C-through the cement itself
D-through pipe corrosion
E-channeling in the cement
F-between cement and wellbore
Gas migration paths in the wellbore
http://www.ucalgary.ca/wasp/Well%20Integrity%20Analysis.pdfSlide53
More questions than answers
Public disclosure of chemicals
Radioactivity in drill cuttings and other wastes and wastewaters
Increased earthquakes around
fracking
and/or injection wells
Boom/bust cycles on small rural communities
Greenhouse gas contributions
Consumption of water
vs
recycling efforts
Adequate state and local regulations to protect public health, the environment, and address costs to communities
Federal lands and due compensation
Who will actually benefit if natural gas is exported?Slide54
More information
April 2014 EPA study on state regulations
http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/industrial/special/oil/state_summaries_040114.pdf
San Antonio Express four part series on Eagle Ford Shale Flaring
http://www.expressnews.com/business/eagleford/item/Up-in-Flames-Day-1-Flares-in-Eagle-Ford-Shale-32626.php
US Energy Information Administration website on drilling productivity
http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/drilling/#tabs-summary-1
USGS Animation of Oklahoma Earthquakes 2008-2014
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/ceus/products/OKeqanimation.php
EIA Animation of Shale Gas Well Production in Barnett Shale
http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=2170
Blind Rush – Shale Gas Boom Proceeds Among Health Concerns
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3237379/
Overview of Barnett Shale
ppt
http://www.adv-res.com/pdf/Kuuskraa_Case_Study_1_Barnett_Shale_China_Workshop_APR_2010.pdf