HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

HIV/AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeSlide2

HIV/AIDS

HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus

AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Normal: T-Cell Count of 800-1200 cells/mm3

Low: T-Cell Count of 650-800 cells/mm3

Early HIV: T-Cell Count of 450-650 cells/mm3

Late HIV: T-Cell Count of 201 – 450 cells/mm3

AIDS: T-Cell Count of 200 or

fewer cells/mm3Slide3

Symptoms

Early HIV: flu-

l

ike symptoms

Cough

Cold

Headaches

Malaise (tired feeling, not wanting to do anything)

Skin Rash

Acute Retroviral Syndrome: The explosion of early symptoms from HIVSlide4

Symptoms

Late HIV symptoms:

s

hort-term

m

emory

l

oss

Shingles (virus causing a painful rash)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in womenSlide5

Symptoms

AIDS

ARC (AIDS-Related Complications)

Pneumonia

Encephalitis (brain inflammation) causing brain rotting and verbal babbling

Toxoplasmosis: parasitic disease (common in cats)

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): skin

c

ancer

Cytomegalovirus: infections of the retinaSlide6

Causes & Passing of the Virus

Passed in fluids:

s

emen, blood, vaginal

f

luids, breast

m

ilk

Not

passed in

s

aliva, urine, sweat, tears

Passed in methods: anal/vaginal/oral sex

,

transfusions/needles

,

birth/

b

reast

f

eeding

Not

passed through

k

issing, mosquito

b

itesSlide7

Names Prior to HIV

“Gay Pneumonia”

“Gay Cancer”

“GRID” (Gay-Related Immune Deficiency)

HIV sufferers may or may not get AIDS. Those who show no symptoms for a long time are known as “Long-Term Non-

Progressors

.”

Those who have AIDS are terminally ill.Slide8

Growing Groups of AIDS Sufferers

Upper-middle

c

lass females in their teens and twenties

Gay men

The elderly

Children are no longer a growing group.Slide9

Science of the Virus

HIV is a

retrovirus

which means that it replicates itself in the system and attaches itself to the cells. There has never been a cure for a retrovirus.

CD4: Helper-T cells (alarm)

CD8: Killer cells

CCR5: HIV attaches to this enzymeSlide10

Testing for AIDS & Scope of the Virus

2 tests must be done, both blood tests. One must be done 6 months after the other with no risky behavior in between. If both are negative, then the person does not have HIV.

1.2

million

infections in the USA,

600,000

deaths (110/55 per day)

72

million

infections world-wide,

36

million

deaths (4400/2200 per day)

Today, AIDS is most prominent in Africa.Slide11

Important Dates

1930s: Disease is rumored to be around

1968: Disease is thought to have been in the USA but no proof

1977: Disease is first found in Denmark, but not named yet

1978: Disease spreads through parts of Europe, especially France

1980: Disease first comes to the USASlide12

Dates Cont’d

1981: Disease spreads through the USA, especially in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, & New York

1983: AIDS is first given its name at the CDC Blood

Bank meetings by Dr.

Vellnor

1983 (October): HIV is isolated & found in the labs

1984 (April): HIV is announced to the public

1985: Blood banks are asked to begin testing for the virus

1991: Magic Johnson is diagnosed with HIV, making the disease well known world-wide.Slide13

Important People

Don Francis

: CDC Researcher who dedicated his life to fighting the virus and finding a cure. Had previously worked on Ebola & Hepatitis B.

Bill Kraus

: Gay politician with direct ties to Washington D.C. who fought for gay rights and against homophobia.

Bill Darrow: CDC Researcher who discovered that HIV was sexually transmitted by linking 40 cases over 10 cities back to patient zero.Slide14

People

Harold Jaffe: CDC worker who discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream

Dale Lawrence: CDC worker who also discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream

Marco Conant: Dr. who secretly treated many AIDS patients despite prejudice and loss of other patients.

Mary

Guinan

: CDC worker who assisted Don Francis with finding

the virus.Slide15

People

Jim Curran: CDC boss who argued with Don Francis due to politics and finances.

Gaetan

Dugas

: Patient Zero; gay flight-attendant who brought HIV into the U.S.

Selma

Dritz

: straight politician who fought HIV and fought for gay rights.

Luc

Montagnier

: French researcher who also worked on discovering AIDS

Bob Gallo

: U.S. scientist who worked for the National Cancer Institute who worked on AIDS and discovered Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV)Slide16

Relationship between AIDS & Leukemia

2 kinds of leukemia:

HTLV I (lethal) & HTLV II (non-lethal)

When Gallo discovered that 2 of his patients also had AIDS, he became interested and wanted to link AIDS & leukemia, thereby calling the virus HTLV III (1

st

name for HIV).Slide17

Gay Bath House Controversy

Gay Bath Houses: Place where gay people anonymously went to have sex, similar to a brothel.

Infections sky rocketed due to gay bath houses but politicians did not want to shut them down. The “vocal minority” of gay people did not want them shut down either as it was their expression of sexual freedom.Slide18

Hemophilia & AIDS

Hemophiliacs’ blood does not clot. They need blood clotting mechanisms. “

Factorate

” is a blood clotting mechanism that allows blood to clot. It is donated blood from thousands of people that is chemically altered.

Hemophiliacs had increased infections rate due to blood donations. 89% of hemophiliacs who received blood got infected.Slide19

HPV

Human Papillomavirus

CDC now recommends that 11 to 12-year-olds get two doses of HPV vaccine. The 2

nd

dose should be given 6-12 months after the 1

st

dose.

These vaccinations significantly decrease the patient’s chances of getting cancer caused by HPV.Slide20

Definition of HPV

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It’s different from Herpes or HIV.

HPV is spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has it, and is more likely to be spread through vaginal and anal sex than oral sex. Slide21

Health Problems

Often goes away on its own and doesn’t cause any health problems.

If HPV doesn’t go away, it causes genital warts and can cause cancer.Slide22

Lowering Risks

1. Get vaccinated at ages 11-12.

2. “Catch-Up” vaccinations are offered for males up to age 21 and for females up to age 26.

It’s especially recommended for those with compromised immune systems (HIV, etc.).Slide23

Scope of HPV

79 million are infected with HPV

14 million new infections per year

1% of sexually active adults in the U.S. have genital warts at any given time

11,000 women in the U.S. get cervical cancer each year

18,000 women and 9,000 men are affected by cancers caused by HPV every yearSlide24

Treatment

Genital warts can be treated with prescription medication. If untreated, they will grow in size and number.

Cervical cancer is treatable, especially if caught early.Slide25

HIV/AIDS Essay

Using the movie as a guide, trace the history of the AIDS virus starting out from its earliest days and moving towards the present day. Include how the virus came to America, the most significant people involved, and where the virus is today. Also, include any relevant statistics in regards to the virus.