Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIVAIDS HIVHuman Immunodeficiency Virus AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Normal TCell Count of 8001200 cellsmm3 Low TCell Count of 650800 cellsmm3 ID: 731446
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Slide1
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeSlide2
HIV/AIDS
HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Normal: T-Cell Count of 800-1200 cells/mm3
Low: T-Cell Count of 650-800 cells/mm3
Early HIV: T-Cell Count of 450-650 cells/mm3
Late HIV: T-Cell Count of 201 – 450 cells/mm3
AIDS: T-Cell Count of 200 or
fewer cells/mm3Slide3
Symptoms
Early HIV: flu-
l
ike symptoms
Cough
Cold
Headaches
Malaise (tired feeling, not wanting to do anything)
Skin Rash
Acute Retroviral Syndrome: The explosion of early symptoms from HIVSlide4
Symptoms
Late HIV symptoms:
s
hort-term
m
emory
l
oss
Shingles (virus causing a painful rash)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in womenSlide5
Symptoms
AIDS
ARC (AIDS-Related Complications)
Pneumonia
Encephalitis (brain inflammation) causing brain rotting and verbal babbling
Toxoplasmosis: parasitic disease (common in cats)
Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): skin
c
ancer
Cytomegalovirus: infections of the retinaSlide6
Causes & Passing of the Virus
Passed in fluids:
s
emen, blood, vaginal
f
luids, breast
m
ilk
Not
passed in
s
aliva, urine, sweat, tears
Passed in methods: anal/vaginal/oral sex
,
transfusions/needles
,
birth/
b
reast
f
eeding
Not
passed through
k
issing, mosquito
b
itesSlide7
Names Prior to HIV
“Gay Pneumonia”
“Gay Cancer”
“GRID” (Gay-Related Immune Deficiency)
HIV sufferers may or may not get AIDS. Those who show no symptoms for a long time are known as “Long-Term Non-
Progressors
.”
Those who have AIDS are terminally ill.Slide8
Growing Groups of AIDS Sufferers
Upper-middle
c
lass females in their teens and twenties
Gay men
The elderly
Children are no longer a growing group.Slide9
Science of the Virus
HIV is a
retrovirus
which means that it replicates itself in the system and attaches itself to the cells. There has never been a cure for a retrovirus.
CD4: Helper-T cells (alarm)
CD8: Killer cells
CCR5: HIV attaches to this enzymeSlide10
Testing for AIDS & Scope of the Virus
2 tests must be done, both blood tests. One must be done 6 months after the other with no risky behavior in between. If both are negative, then the person does not have HIV.
1.2
million
infections in the USA,
600,000
deaths (110/55 per day)
72
million
infections world-wide,
36
million
deaths (4400/2200 per day)
Today, AIDS is most prominent in Africa.Slide11
Important Dates
1930s: Disease is rumored to be around
1968: Disease is thought to have been in the USA but no proof
1977: Disease is first found in Denmark, but not named yet
1978: Disease spreads through parts of Europe, especially France
1980: Disease first comes to the USASlide12
Dates Cont’d
1981: Disease spreads through the USA, especially in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, & New York
1983: AIDS is first given its name at the CDC Blood
Bank meetings by Dr.
Vellnor
1983 (October): HIV is isolated & found in the labs
1984 (April): HIV is announced to the public
1985: Blood banks are asked to begin testing for the virus
1991: Magic Johnson is diagnosed with HIV, making the disease well known world-wide.Slide13
Important People
Don Francis
: CDC Researcher who dedicated his life to fighting the virus and finding a cure. Had previously worked on Ebola & Hepatitis B.
Bill Kraus
: Gay politician with direct ties to Washington D.C. who fought for gay rights and against homophobia.
Bill Darrow: CDC Researcher who discovered that HIV was sexually transmitted by linking 40 cases over 10 cities back to patient zero.Slide14
People
Harold Jaffe: CDC worker who discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream
Dale Lawrence: CDC worker who also discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream
Marco Conant: Dr. who secretly treated many AIDS patients despite prejudice and loss of other patients.
Mary
Guinan
: CDC worker who assisted Don Francis with finding
the virus.Slide15
People
Jim Curran: CDC boss who argued with Don Francis due to politics and finances.
Gaetan
Dugas
: Patient Zero; gay flight-attendant who brought HIV into the U.S.
Selma
Dritz
: straight politician who fought HIV and fought for gay rights.
Luc
Montagnier
: French researcher who also worked on discovering AIDS
Bob Gallo
: U.S. scientist who worked for the National Cancer Institute who worked on AIDS and discovered Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV)Slide16
Relationship between AIDS & Leukemia
2 kinds of leukemia:
HTLV I (lethal) & HTLV II (non-lethal)
When Gallo discovered that 2 of his patients also had AIDS, he became interested and wanted to link AIDS & leukemia, thereby calling the virus HTLV III (1
st
name for HIV).Slide17
Gay Bath House Controversy
Gay Bath Houses: Place where gay people anonymously went to have sex, similar to a brothel.
Infections sky rocketed due to gay bath houses but politicians did not want to shut them down. The “vocal minority” of gay people did not want them shut down either as it was their expression of sexual freedom.Slide18
Hemophilia & AIDS
Hemophiliacs’ blood does not clot. They need blood clotting mechanisms. “
Factorate
” is a blood clotting mechanism that allows blood to clot. It is donated blood from thousands of people that is chemically altered.
Hemophiliacs had increased infections rate due to blood donations. 89% of hemophiliacs who received blood got infected.Slide19
HPV
Human Papillomavirus
CDC now recommends that 11 to 12-year-olds get two doses of HPV vaccine. The 2
nd
dose should be given 6-12 months after the 1
st
dose.
These vaccinations significantly decrease the patient’s chances of getting cancer caused by HPV.Slide20
Definition of HPV
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It’s different from Herpes or HIV.
HPV is spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has it, and is more likely to be spread through vaginal and anal sex than oral sex. Slide21
Health Problems
Often goes away on its own and doesn’t cause any health problems.
If HPV doesn’t go away, it causes genital warts and can cause cancer.Slide22
Lowering Risks
1. Get vaccinated at ages 11-12.
2. “Catch-Up” vaccinations are offered for males up to age 21 and for females up to age 26.
It’s especially recommended for those with compromised immune systems (HIV, etc.).Slide23
Scope of HPV
79 million are infected with HPV
14 million new infections per year
1% of sexually active adults in the U.S. have genital warts at any given time
11,000 women in the U.S. get cervical cancer each year
18,000 women and 9,000 men are affected by cancers caused by HPV every yearSlide24
Treatment
Genital warts can be treated with prescription medication. If untreated, they will grow in size and number.
Cervical cancer is treatable, especially if caught early.Slide25
HIV/AIDS Essay
Using the movie as a guide, trace the history of the AIDS virus starting out from its earliest days and moving towards the present day. Include how the virus came to America, the most significant people involved, and where the virus is today. Also, include any relevant statistics in regards to the virus.