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Literary - PowerPoint Presentation

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Literary - PPT Presentation

amp creative interpretation a new facet in Interpreting Studies A presentation by Marc Orlando Monash University AALITRA Melbourne 10 March 2015 The Andrei ID: 321179

literary translation sense interpreting translation literary interpreting sense skills linguistic text interpreter form words meaning language translator act cultural

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Slide1

Literary & creative interpretation

a new facet in Interpreting Studies?

A presentation by Marc Orlando (

Monash

University

)

AALITRA

,

Melbourne, 10

March 2015Slide2

The Andrei Makine case…Slide3

Taxonomy of Interpreting: Conference Interpreting (international meetings)Liaison Interpreting

(delegations, politicians, artists, businessmen...)Court InterpretingCommunity Interpreting (healthcare, education

, banking, legal services

...)

Media Interpreting (TV, press conferences…)

= a diversity of communicative situations, as well as of modalities and environmentsSlide4

Is it relevant to compartiment situations in predictable drawers, or

should interpreting be seen as “a socio-communicative practice [and] a unified concept”(Pöchhacker

, 2002) ?Slide5

Taxonomy of TranslationLegal, business, medical translationMedia translationLiterary

translation (a broad sense)Slide6

Can we speak of

“literary interpreting” / “literary interpretations”?Slide7

Would it be a different

exercise?Would the interpreter of such ‘texts’

be

expected

to master specific literary skills?

Orlando (2010),

Interpreting

Eloquence:

When

words

matter as much as ideasSlide8

The Art of TranslationSlide9

“Literary translators have to have a broad palette of literary skills as they have to adapt their linguistic skills to the work of others”

(Furlan, 2007)Slide10

Translation not only plays its important traditional role as the means that allows us access to literature originally written in one of the countless languages we cannot read, but it also represents a concrete literary presence with the crucial capacity to ease and make more meaningful our relationships to those with whom we may not have had a connection before.

Translation always helps us to know, to see from a different angle, to attribute new value to what once may have been unfamiliar. As nations and as individuals, we have a critical need for that kind of understanding and insight. The alternative is unthinkable.Grossman (2010)Slide11

Translation is no longer considered as a mere linguistic activity

Translation is the transfer into another reality of a text and its voice, its style, its function, its effects, etc.For each translation, fidelity to the ST and the author’s intentions is unquestionable, but a certain level of

intervention

always exists along a chosen

strategy

It bridges gaps between different cultures and can be seen as a form of mediation facilitating the global exchange of cultural production.

A translation is “a world of alternatives” (Langton, 2008)

It is rarely a mere transfer with a single function, and the translator is not only a neutral ‘mediating tool’: the translator as agent

If done under reasonable conditions and with the support of the author, a translation tends to ‘improve’ the source textSlide12

A translation is “a limit, a threshold which generates a new meaning”, compatible with the target cultural reality. (Derrida, 2001)

Derrida called this limit “the bar of translation”, a bar functioning both as a barrier and a threshold, “at once blocking and generating meaning, taking away from and adding to the original text”.

This notion tends to present translation as an act of communication where meaning is always lost and generated.

= the product of the translational process is a new text, independent and unique in its potential multiplicity

. Translation is an act of re-creation…Slide13

The Translator’s role(s)

A bilingual expert: a linguistic dutyA (bi)cultural expert: a sound knowledge of the cultures involvedA creative writer: “Translation is a craft which requires art and an art which requires craft”. Literary translators have to have a broad palette of literary skills as they have to adapt their linguistic skills to the work of others”

(

Furlan

)

A insightful reader: “Translation is the most intimate act of reading” (Spivak)A knowledgeable linguist:

a varied background in-depth knowledge

An efficient and skilled investigator:

an ability to efficiently acquire

ad-hoc

information

A

practisearcher

: a sound knowledge of Translation Studies as a field of researchSlide14

A translation must be as literal as possible but as free as necessarySlide15

The Art of InterpretationSlide16

Interpretinga form of translational activity in which the source-language text is presented only once and thus cannot be reviewed or replayed,

the target text is produced under time pressure, with limited opportunity for correction and revision(Kade, 1968)Slide17

Aural & analysis skills (DA)Good memory capacity

Note-taking skills“Deverbalisation” skills (ideas matter)Oral production skills (registers), paraphrasing, summarizing)Public speaking/acting skillsMulti-tasking / Stress management skills

Research skills

…Slide18

The Interpretive chainA consensus seems to exist among researchers on what the interpretive chain is :

perception of the message;comprehension of the speech/text (identification of words, meaning of the words in the sentence, and then sense in the context);Deverbalization : the “immediate and deliberate discarding of the wording and retention of the mental representation of the message” (

Seleskovitch

, 1975); words and sentences that gave birth to sense are forgotten, while

sense

remains present without any linguistic supportreformulation (creation);rephrasing/re expression

(free and natural).Slide19

An interpretation/translation is not a linguistic translation but rather a search for a sense equivalence in the target language.The deverbalisation of the speech is the phase when

the interpreter forgets the form to get access to the intended sense, thanks to various cognitive complements.Words > Meaning > SenseSlide20

But, is the interpretive act - the quest

for sense – always a relevant concept in the act of interpreting ?Different

roles

of the

interpreter

/ different perceptions, in different communicative situationsDifferent types of speeches to be

interpretedSlide21

What is an interpreter?A tap: ‘a language converter’A conduit: ‘

an invisible message converter’A communication facilitator: ‘a message clarifier’A cultural mediator: ‘a cultural clarifier’ “people who speak different languages live in different worlds, not the same world with different labels” (Sapir, 1928)An advocate

A servant

A service provider (admin help, escort, guide…)Slide22

Text types / speeches typesThree forms of speeches exist:

Descriptive, dialectic, affectiveThree forms of interpretations:An explanation (the content prevails),

An argumentation (both content and form matter),

An eloquence exercise (form is essential)Slide23

Translation and deverbalisation?It is more difficult for the translator as the ST does not disappear, and therefore the graphic signs remain and call for proper linguistic correspondences in the TL, short-circuiting the search for appropriate equivalences of sense

.Even if deverbalisation requires an effort on the part of the translator, it is present in the translator’s awareness of what an author means in a given passageSlide24

“In the first part of the year (1880), Freud was able to cope with the boredom (of military service) by devoting himself to translating a book by John Stuart Mill, the first of five large books he translated. It was a congenial work, since he was specially gifted as a translator. Instead of laboriously transcribing from the foreign language, idioms and all, he would read a passage, close the book and consider how a German writer would have clothed the same thoughts

― a method not very common among translators. His translating work was both brilliant and rapid.”(Choi, 2004)Slide25

“The literature of the past 30 years seems to reflect a consensus, at least on translation of informational texts (as opposed to literary texts), in favor of a meaning and intention-oriented translation strategy, as opposed to a strategy based on formal equivalence: it is felt that translation suffers when it is constructed on linguistic correspondences, and serves its purpose better when the form of the source text is used to understand it and is then

honorably discharged while the reformulation process proceeds on the basis of an autonomous mental representation of its meaning (informational, emotional, social, intentional, etc.).” (Gile

, 2003)Slide26

Can we speak of “literary interpreting” / “literary interpretations”?Slide27

Interpreting for Andrei Makine at the 2007 Auckland Writers

FestivalSlide28

Others’ viewsSlide29

I’ve been working

as an interpreter for literature, theater

and

the arts for many

years

. I

love

the

challenge and - since

I

have

met

many

writers

and

filmmakers

,

photographers

and

painters

in

my

career

the

diversity

of

interpreting

modes

(

or

variations

,

including

the

psychological

versality) you’re required to adopt in this particular setting. And it’s almost always consec, as you point out. Slide30

Some writers are eloquent,

some are shy, some are

vain

,

some

are modest, some

are

drunk

(

yes

,

it

happens, and it

does

not

enhance

their

intelligibility

),

some

hosts

know

how

to

ask

questions

,

some

don’t

seem

to

know

what

they

want

to

know

.

Sometimes

the audience loves you (the interpreter) too, sometimes the artist/writer does not want the audience to love

anybody except the artist/writer, yet they depend on you (the interpreter) to get the message accross …Slide31

Peter Mead (2012), ‘Consecutive Interpreting at a Literature Festival’

Interpreting in such settings can by no means be

readily

identified

with Orlando’s description of “literary interpreting”, [even if this description] can be appreciated as a contribution to the growing awareness of working modalities and environments which do not fall neatly into the conventional categories of interpreting.

even if comments focusing on features of literary language do not occur very often in my experience of interpreting for authors,

metalinguistic

comment is quite frequent. […] This obviously does require the level of attention to words and nuances of which Marc Orlando speaks’

…my perception is that the “literary interpreting” genre is on the increaseSlide32

A few examples…