diversity Sirenidae two genera 4 species SE USA elongate paedomorphic external gills lack eyelids nonpedicellate teeth lack pelvic girdle hindimbs aquatic external fertilization Ambystomatidae ID: 583571
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Slide1Slide2
Salamander
diversitySlide3
Sirenidae
two genera, 4 species
SE USA
elongate, paedomorphic
external gills, lack eyelids
nonpedicellate teeth
lack pelvic girdle, hindimbsaquaticexternal fertilizationSlide4
Ambystomatidae
: Ambystoma tigrinumSlide5
Proteidae:
Necturus maculosusSlide6
Sirenidae
: Siren lacertinaSlide7
Amphiumidae:
Amphiuma meansSlide8
Cryptobranchidae:
Andrias japonicusSlide9
Cryptobranchidae:
Andrias japonicusSlide10
Plethodontidae:
Bolitoglossa dofleiniSlide11
Tongue projection in Plethodontid salamanders
HydromantesSlide12
Tongue projection in Plethodontid salamandersSlide13
Plethodontidae:
Ensatina escholtzi
Salamandridae:
Taricha torosa
Aposematism and
Batesian mimicrySlide14
Place clay models in a forest
where both
Ensatina
and
Taricha
are found
two model colors (brown, orange) 454 modelsLeave for three weeksCount number damaged by predatorsSlide15
Place clay models in a forest
where both
Ensatina
and
Taricha
are found
two model colors (brown, orange) 454 models
Leave for three weeksCount number damaged by predators
46 brown models attacked, 25 orange
P = 0.007Slide16
Phylogeny of AmphibiansSlide17
GymnophionaSlide18
Caecilian synapomorphies
No limbs, girdles
Annuli
Solidified skull with
Eyes reduced/absent
Fusion of bones
Roofed, few/no fossaTentaclePhallodeum
Siphonops annulatusSlide19
Caecilian synapomorphies
No limbs, reduced or absent girdles
Annuli
Solidified skull with
Eyes reduced/absent
Fusion of bones
Roofed, reduced fossaTentaclesPhallodeumSlide20
Caecilian synapomorphies
No limbs, reduced or absent girdles
Annuli
Solidified skull with
Eyes reduced/absent
Fusion of bones
Roofed, few/no fossaTentaclePhallodeumSlide21
Caecilian synapomorphies
No limbs, reduced or absent girdles
Annuli
Solidified skull with
Eyes reduced/absent
Fusion of bones
Roofed, few/no fossaTentaclePhallodeumSlide22
Caecilian reproduction
Internal fertilization
Oviparity or viviparity
Eggs aquatic or terrestrial
Larvae or direct development
Parental careSlide23
Caecilian reproduction
Parental careSlide24
Variability between caecilian species
Position of tentacle
Position of mouth
Primary, secondary, tertiary annuli
Skull
Zygokrotaphic
StegokrotaphicPresence/absence of tailAquatic/fossorialSlide25
Eocaecilia micropodiaSlide26
Figure 5. Alternative hypotheses for the evolution of the open temporal region in extant lissamphibians.
Maddin HC, Jenkins FA Jr, Anderson JS (2012) The Braincase of Eocaecilia micropodia (Lissamphibia, Gymnophiona) and the Origin of Caecilians. PLOS ONE 7(12): e50743. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050743
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0050743Slide27
Scolecomorphus kirkii
Gymnophiona: Scolecomorphidae:
Scolecomorphus kirkiiSlide28
Rhinatrematidae:
EpicrionopsSlide29
Typhlonectes natans
Typhlonectidae:
Typhlonectes natansSlide30Slide31