Tyler Reainthong CSE 7330 Fall 2009 Topics Definitions Storage and Indexing Spatial Relationships Spatial Queries Standards Systems Applications and the Future What is a Spatial Database ID: 602081
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Spatial Database Systems" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Spatial Database Systems
Tyler ReainthongCSE 7330Fall 2009Slide2
Topics
DefinitionsStorage and IndexingSpatial RelationshipsSpatial Queries
Standards
Systems
Applications and the FutureSlide3
What is a Spatial Database?
Database that models space, objects in space, or a combination of bothProvide capabilities to store and manipulate spatial data as well as find various interactions between themSlide4
What is a Spatial Database? (cont)
Uses spatial data types (SDTs) and spatial indexesUses spatial queries which are able to work with the spatial data types
Usually provides these capabilities as an extension to a standard RDBMSSlide5
What is Spatial Data?
Each vendor’s implementation will consist of different spatial data typesEach type can be abstracted to basic geometric primitives which consist of:Points
Lines
Polygons/RegionsSlide6
What is Spatial Data? (cont)
PointCan define locations of interestUsed when you do not care about the extent of the objectCan be used to define “space”
Land
Map boundaries
GridsSlide7
What is Spatial Data? (cont)
LineCan be straight, arcing or a combination of bothCan be used to define movement and connections between spatial objectsSlide8
What is Spatial Data? (cont)
Polygon/RegionBasic shapes (box, square, triangle, etc.)May have holesSlide9
Spatial Data Types (SDTs)
Spatial Data Types often referred to as “geometries” can either be defined as one or more spatial data primitive typesExample Oracle Spatial SDO_GTYPE:
Source:
http://www.oreillynet.com/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.htmlSlide10
Spatial Storage
Creating a normal table with an additional spatial column in Oracle Spatial
Source:
http://www.oreillynet.com/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.htmlSlide11
Spatial Indexing
R-TreesSimilar to B-trees but allow indexing for multidimensional dataCreates minimum bounding boxes that essentially partition the spatial data into hierarchical rectangular shaped boxes
These boxes provide rough approximations of the geometries which optimizes query performance Slide12
Spatial Indexing (cont)
Example R-Tree
Source:
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htmSlide13
Spatial Indexing (cont)
Quad-TreesRecursively divide space into four quadrants
Source:
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htmSlide14
Spatial Relationships
Spatial relationships can be categorized into three different typesTopological relationshipsContains, Inside, Covers, Adjacent, Touch, Disjoint
Directional relationships
Above, Below, West of, East of
Metric relationships
Distances between two geometries
Each vendor may or may not implement certain relationships as a functionSlide15
Spatial Relationships (cont)
Oracle Spatial supports the following relationships
Source:
http://docs.autodesk.com/TOPOBSCLNT/2010/ENU/Autodesk%20Topobase%202010%20User%20Documentation/images/ISD/Everest-ALL/English/pic_admin_oracle_spatial.pngSlide16
Spatial Queries
SQL can work with spatial data typesSpatial operators and functions can also be used with SQLSlide17
Spatial Queries (cont)
Spatial Query Examples in PostGIS
Source
:
http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html#id2538511Slide18
Spatial Queries (cont)
Spatial Query Examples in PostGIS
Source
:
http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html#id2538511Slide19
Standards and Specifications
Standards and specifications governed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)http://www.opengeospatial.orgDefines standard Geographic Information Systems (GIS) object types, functions associated with them, and metadata tables
Simple Feature Access Architecture
http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfaSlide20
Some Spatial DBMS Systems
Oracle SpatialPostgreSQL with PostGIS
extension
MySQL
Microsoft SQL Server 2008
IBM DB2 with Spatial ExtenderSlide21
Applications and the Future
GIS/MappingCAD and GIS integrationLocation based servicesSpatial data is becoming ubiquitous
Environmental
Health sectors
Agricultural
Geological
Hazard management
Military and intelligenceSlide22
Bibliography
http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=615206&type=pdf&coll=Portal&dl=GUIDE&CFID=60495778&CFTOKEN=48744014http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htm
http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.html
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a96630/sdo_objrelschema.htm
http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/oracle9i/pdf/OracleSpatial.pdf
http://docs.autodesk.com/TOPOBSCLNT/2010/ENU/Autodesk%20Topobase%202010%20User%20Documentation/index.html?url=WS73099cc142f48755b0eae110a8ea4f1d98a3.htm,topicNumber=d0e17737
http://edndoc.esri.com/arcsde/9.1/general_topics/understand_spatial_relations.htm
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/htdocs/spatial_stds_support.html
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/pdf/lvvw_narrowingthegap.pdf
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/index.html
http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/index.htm