Lecture Eighteen I FIRST YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE Being enjoyed by the majority of Africans 1960s In control of their own NationStates II A GREAT TIME TO BE ALIVE A Great expectations ID: 308162
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Slide1
THE HONEYMOON
Lecture EighteenSlide2
I.) FIRST YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
Being enjoyed by the majority of Africans, 1960’s
In control of their own Nation/StatesSlide3
II.) A GREAT TIME TO BE ALIVE
A.) Great expectations
B.) High participation
C.) Tremendous energy
1.) Lots accomplished
2.) With enthusiasm Ghana 1957 Ghana 2007Slide4
III.) STATE APPARATUS GREARED FOR INTERVENTION
A.) New leaders: take over and use it to African advantage
B.) Profits from resources for real development
1. Some “African Socialism” (Tanzania, Ghana)
2. Socialism built on African values
“Arusha Declaration” – 1967 “Ujamaa”– forced villiagization, literally “family” 3. Unsuccessful4. But created a big stateSlide5
III.) STATE APPARATUS GEARED FOR INTERVENTION
C.) “Para-
statal
” – Blend of private and government
Place a state official in charge of a factory
Successful for quite a long timeSlide6
IV.) ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTINUED
A.) The GNP of all sub-Saharan countries grew in 1960’s and early 1970’s; each year 2 – 3 %
B.) But no diversity, or development of domestic markets
C.) However,
buoyant world market, things were good. Gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investments (GDI) in Africa, 1960–93.Slide7
V.) AFRICAN LEADERS PROVIDED
A. ) Schools
B.) Health care
Nairobi
UniversitySlide8
VI.)
FIRST FRUITS OF INDEPENDENCE
New currency,
new leaders,
good economy,
universities, prosperous villages w/ new schoolsfront row, President Gregoire Kayibanda of Rwanda, President (later self-proclaimed Emperor) Jean Bedel Bokassa
of the Central African Republic (later Empire), Emperor Haile Selassie
of Ethiopia, President Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, Prime Minister Ismail al-Azhari
of the Sudan, and President Joseph Desire Mobutu (later Mobutu
Sese
Seko
) of the Congo (later Zaire). Second row, second from left, President Milton
Obote
of Uganda, President Julius
Nyerere
of Tanzania, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, and Prime Minister Ibrahim
Egal
of SomaliaSlide9
VII.) A NEW AGE IN AFRICA
A.) BUT, OMENS ON THE HORIZON:
Investment in status symbol projects, not investment in on-going development
B.) Developed a sense of identity
C.) Tolerant of opposition, but beginnings of oppression Slide10
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Why do Africans, old enough to remember independence, look back with BOTH nostalgia and bitterness?
How did the colonial system contribute to the success, and later failure, of the newly independent African states?