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U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice ProgramsBureau of Justice Statistics Bureau of Justice Statistics December 2009, NCJ 228417 Highlights BULLETINData in text and tables are the latest available at the ti.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p08.pd�f for most recent data. William J. Sabol, Ph.D., andHeather C. West, Ph.D.BJS StatisticiansMatthew CooperBJS Internt yearend 2008, federal and state correc-tional authorities had jurisdiction over1,610,446 prisoners (figure 1).Jurisdic-tion refers to the legal authority over a prisoner,regardless of where the prisoner is held. The prison population increased by 12,201 pris-oners from 2007 to 2008, the smallest annualincrease since 2000. The 0.8% growth during2008 was the second year of decline in the rate ofgrowth and the slowest growth in eight years.From 2000 to 2008 the growth of the prison pop-ulation (1.8% per year on average) was less thana third of the rate observed during the 1990s(6.5% per year on average) (not shown in figure).State correctional authorities had jurisdictionover 1,409,166 prisoners at yearend 2008, anincrease of 10,539 state prisoners during theyear. Federal correctional authorities (or the fed-eral prison system) had jurisdiction over 201,280prisoners, up 1,662 federal prisoners from theprevious year. While the numbers of state andfederal prisoners reached all-time yearend highsin 2008, the respective growth rates for eachslowed to 0.8% (figure 2). This was the secondsmallest annual rate of growth in the state prisonpopulation (0.1% growth occurred in 2001) andthe lowest rate for the federal prison populationsince 2000. Detailed information is included in the appendix tables, following Methodology. Topics covered in the appendix tables are shown on page 14. A €The U.S. prison population grew at the slowest rate (0.8%) since 2000, reaching 1,610,446 prisoners at yearend 2008. €Growth of the prison population since 2000 (1.8% per year on average) was less than a third of the average annual rate during the 1990s (6.5% per year on average).€Slower growth in the state prison population was associated with fewer new court commitments during 2007 and 2008, reversing the trend of steady growth of state prison admissions witnessed from 2000 to 2006.€An increase in the number of prison releases was led by offenders released to the community without supervision.€Between 2000 and 2008 the number of blacks in prison declined by 18,400, lowering the imprisonment rate to 3,161 men and 149 women per 100,000 persons in the U.S. resident black population. €The U.S. imprisonment rate declined for the second time since yearend 2000; about 1 in every 198 persons in the U.S. resident population was incarcerated in state or federal prison at year-end 2008. Figure 1. Prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction at yearend, 1,300,0001,350,0001,400,0001,450,0001,500,0001,550,0001,600,0001,650,0000.01.02.03.04.05.06.0 AnnualchangeNumber of prisoners12 months ending December 31Annual percentchange2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Revised 6/30/2010 Prisoners in 2008 Twenty states reported a decline in the numberof prisoners under their jurisdiction in 2008 for atotal decrease of 9,719 prisoners (appendix table2). New York (down 2,273 prisoners), Georgia(down 1,537), and Michigan (down 1,495)reported the largest reductions, accounting formore than half (54.6%) of the decline in the totalnumber of prisoners. New York (down 3.6%)recorded the largest rate of decrease in its prisonpopulation during 2008, followed by Kentucky(down 3.3%), and New Jersey (down 3.3%). Twenty-nine states and the federal prison systemreported a combined increase of 21,920 prison-ers at yearend. Pennsylvania (up 4,178 prisoners)and Florida (up 4,169) had the largest increases,followed by Arizona (1,843), the federal prisonsystem (1,662), and North Carolina (1,512).Combined, these five jurisdictions accounted for61% of the growth among jurisdictions holdingmore prisoners at yearend. Pennsylvania alsoreported the fastest rate of growth (up 9.1%) forSelected characteristics of the prison population under state and federal jurisdictionMen were 93% of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, and women were 7% (table 1).About 34% of all sentenced prisoners were white, 38% were black, and 20% were Hispanic.Males were imprisoned at a rate about 15 times higher than females (table 2).Black males were imprisoned at a rate six and half times higher than white males. Figure 2. Percent change in number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, 2000-2008 200020022004200620080.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0Federal12 months ending December 31Percent change Table 1. Number of prisoners under state and federal jurisdiction, by sentence length, race, Hispanic origin, and gender, 2008TotalMaleFemalePrisoners by sentence lengthTotal under jurisdiction1,610,4461,495,594114,852Sentenced to more than 1 year1,540,0361,434,784105,252Estimated prisoners by raceWhite528,200477,50050,700591,900562,80029,100Hispanic313,100295,80017,300Based on prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year. Excludes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Island-ers, and persons identifying two or more races. Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. Table 2. Imprisonment rate per 100,000 person in the U.S. resident population, by race, Hispanic origin, and gender, 2008MaleFemale Total 952 68 WhiteHispanicNote: Imprisonment rates are the number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction sentenced to more than 1 year per 100,000 persons in the U.S. resident population in the referenced population group. See Methodology for estimation method. Total includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races. Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. Revised 6/30/2010 December 2010 3 Slower growth in the state prison population associated with fewer new court commitments Several factors contributed to slowing the growth of the state and federal prison popula- tions from 2006 to 2008, including a decrease in the number of prison admissions, a decline in the number of new court commitments to state prison, and an increase in the number released from both state and federal prison. Prison admissions have declined for the past two years as the number of admissions dropped by about 6,923 sentenced offenders during 2007 and by 3,743 prisoners during 2008 (table 3). The number of offenders released from state and federal prisons rose by 2.0% to reach 735,454 prisoners while the number of admissions declined by 0.5% (down 3,743). Among the states, admissions and releases of sentenced prisoners have converged since 2006 as admissions declined and releases of state pris- oners increased (figure 3). In 2008, 30 states reported a decrease in prisons admissions, total- ing 19,019 prisoners. The remaining 20 states reported an increase in prison admissions, total- ling 15,783 prisoners. Four states accounted for 40.7% of the total decrease in prison admissions from 2007 to 2008 (appendix table 11). Georgia (down 2,509) reported the largest absolute decrease, followed by Mississippi (down 1,841), Kansas (down 1,408), and Washington (down 1,229). Fewer new court commitments to state prison accounted for the declining number of state prison admissions in 2007 and 2008, reversing the trend in the increasing number of state prison admissions observed from 2000 to 2006 (figure 4). 1 The number of new court commit- ments to state prison dropped by 10,587 in 2007 and 2,189 in 2008 as the total number of state prison admissions declined by 3,046 and 3,787, respectively. The number of parole violators admitted to state prison increased during 2008 at a slower rate than during the previous two years, offsetting some of the effect of the decline in new court commitments on the total number of state prison admissions. 1 New court commitments include felony offenders sentenced to state prison and probation violators entering prison for the first time on a violation of a condition of probation. Parole violators include any conditionally released parolee admitted to prison either for a technical violation of the conditions of supervision or for a new crime. Table 3. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted to and released from state and federal jurisdiction, 2000-2008 AdmissionsReleases YearTotalFederalStateTotalFederalState 2000625,21943,732581,487604,85835,259569,599 2001638,97845,140593,838628,62638,370590,256 2002661,71248,144613,568630,17642,339587,837 2003686,43752,288634,149656,38444,199612,185 2004699,81252,982646,830672,20246,624625,578 2005733,00956,057676,952701,63248,323653,309 2006749,79857,495692,303713,47347,920665,553 2007742,87553,618689,257721,16148,764672,397 2008739,13253,662685,470735,45452,348683,106 Average annual change, 2000-2007 2.5%3.0%2.5%2.5%4.7%2.4% Percent change, 2007-2008 -0.50.1-0.52.07.31.6 Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLS. Figure 3. Number of state admissions and releases and change in number of sentenced state prisoners, December 2000-2008 B B B B B B B B B J J J J J J J J J H H H H H H H H H 20002002200420062008 400,000 450,000 500,000 550,000 600,000 650,000 700,000 0 30,000 60,000 90,000 120,000 150,000 Admissions Releases Change in sentenced population Number of state admissions and releases On December 31 Number of sentenced prisoners Figure 4. Sentenced admissions into state prisons, by type of admission, 2000-2008 20002002200420062008 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 Parole violators New court commitments Number of sentenced prisoners admitted As of December 31 4 Prisoners in 2008 Number and rate of prison releases increased in 2008 The number of offenders released from state and federal prisons increased by 2% (or 14,293 releases) during 2008 to reach 735,454. In total, 29 states and the federal system reported increases in the number of prison releases total- ing 23,524 offenders. This increase was offset by a total decrease of 9,034 releases in the remain- ing 21 states (appendix table 11). The increase in the number of prison releases was led by an 8% (or 16,883 releases) increase in the number of prisoners released unconditionally during 2008. 2 2 Unconditional releases include expirations of sentence, commutations, and other unconditional releases. Unconditional releases from state prisons accounted for 91% of the increase in the total number of prisoners released unconditionally (not shown in a table). During 2008 the number released unconditionally from state prisons increased by about 13,000 (or 8.5%), while con- ditional releases from state prisons increased by fewer than 1,000 (or about 0.2%) (table 4). 3 As a result of the increase in unconditional releases from state prisons, the share of all state prison admissions accounted for by unconditional releases reached 24% in 2008, a higher share than any year since 2000. Slower growth in the prison population since 2000 was associated with a decline in the number of sentenced black prisoners A decrease in the number of sentenced black offenders has been associated with slower growth in the size of the state and federal prison populations. The number of imprisoned blacks has declined by about 18,400 since yearend 2000, reducing the total number of blacks in prison to about 591,900 at yearend 2008 (table 5) . Con- versely, the numbers of sentenced white and His- panic offenders have increased since 2000. the number of imprisoned whites has risen by 57,200 since 2000 to reach 528,200 at yearend 2008. The total number of imprisoned Hispanics rose by 96,200 to reach 313,100 during this period. 3 Conditional releases include releases to probation, super- vised mandatory release, and other unspecified conditional releases. Table 4. Number of sentenced prisoners released from state prisons, by type of release, 2000-2008 Releases YearTotal a Conditional b Unconditional c 2000569,599425,887118,886 2001590,256437,251130,823 2002587,837440,842127,389 2003612,185442,168127,386 2004625,578480,727123,147 2005653,309495,370133,943 2006665,553497,801148,114 2007672,397504,181152,589 2008683,106505,168165,568 a Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLS. b Total conditional releases include releases to probation, parole, supervised mandatory releases, and other unspecified conditional releases. c Total unconditional releases include expirations of sentence, commutations, and other unconditional releases. December 20105 A decrease in the black imprisonment ratesaccompanied the decline in the number ofimprisoned black offenders (table 6). Between2000 and 2008 the imprisonment rate for blackmen decreased from 3,457 per 100,000 in theU.S. resident population to 3,161, and theimprisonment rate for black women declinedfrom 205 per 100,000 in the U.S. resident popu-lation to 149. For Hispanic men the imprison-ment rate remained relatively steady at about1,200 per 100,000 in the U.S. resident populationduring this period. For white men the imprison-ment rate increased from 449 per 100,000 in theU.S. resident population in 2000 to 487 per100,000 in 2008. The decline in the black imprisonment rate since2000 means that an estimated 61,000 fewerblacks were in state or federal prisons thanexpected at yearend 2008 if the imprisonmentrate for blacks had remained at its 2000 level (notshown in table). In contrast, the increase in theimprisonment rate for whites resulted in about54,000 more sentenced white prisoners at year-end 2008 than expected if their rate of imprison-ment had remained unchanged since 2000. Thenumber of imprisoned Hispanics and the His-panic U.S. resident population experiencedabout the same rates of growth from 2000 to2008. Consequently, there was relatively little dif-ference (3,600) between the number of sen-tenced Hispanics who would have been in prisonin 2008 if the Hispanic imprisonment rate hadremained at its 2000 level. Table 5. Estimated number of sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, by race and Hispanic origin, December 31, 2000-2008Total number of prisonersYearTotalWhiteBlackHispanic20001,321,200471,000610,300216,90020011,344,500485,400622,200209,90020021,380,300472,200622,700250,00020031,409,300493,400621,300268,10020041,433,800491,800583,400275,60020051,461,100505,500577,100294,90020061,502,200527,100562,800308,00020071,532,800521,900586,200318,80020081,540,100528,200591,900313,100Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. See Methodology for estimation method. Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons iden-tifying two or more races. Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. Table 6. Estimated rate of sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, per 100,000 U.S. residents, by gender, race, and Hispanic origin, December 31, 2000-2008MalesFemalesYearTotalWhiteBlackHispanicTotalWhiteBlackHispanic20009044493,4571,22059342056020018964623,5351,17758361996120029124503,4371,17661351918020039154653,4051,23162381858420049264633,2181,22064421707520059294713,1451,24465451567620069434873,0421,26168481488120079554813,1381,25969501507920089524873,1611,200685014975Note: Totals based on prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year. Imprisonment rates are per 100,000 U.S. residents in each ref-erence population group. See Methodology for estimation method. Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. 6 Prisoners in 2008 Fewer blacks imprisoned for drug offenses accounted for most of the decline in the number of sentenced blacks in state prison From 2000 to 2006 (the most recent offense data available), the total number of sentenced offend- ers in state prisons increased by 124,700 to reach 1,331,100 state prisoners. Offenders convicted of a violent offense accounted for 63% of the growth in the state prison population; offenders convicted of a drug offense accounted for about 12% (table 7). The number of sentenced blacks in state prisons fell to 508,700 in 2006, declining by 53,300 prisoners since 2000. More than half of this decline (56%) was made up of 29,600 fewer blacks imprisoned for drug offenses. The number of sentenced white and Hispanic prisoners convicted of a drug offense increased from 2000 to 2006, offsetting the decline in the number of imprisoned black drug offenders. Imprisoned white drug offenders increased by 13,800 prisoners during this period; the number of Hispanic drug offenders increased by 10,800. Consequently, the overall number of sentenced drug offenders in state prison increased by 14,700 prisoners. Changes in the types of drugs involved in drug offenses could not be identified in the available data. BJSs most recent survey focusing on the types of drugs involved in drug offenses was conducted in 2004. The data collected through inmate interviews revealed an increase in the percentage of state prisoners serving time for drug law violations involving stimulants, such as methamphetamines. About 10% of the drug offenders in state prison in 2004 were convicted of a drug offense involving stimulants, up from 10% in 1997. Additionally, the percentage of state prisoners convicted of a cocaine-related drug offense declined from 72% in 1997 to 62% in 2004. 4 The U.S. imprisonment rate decreased for the second time since yearend 2000 The imprisonment rate at yearend 2008 was 504 per 100,000 U.S. residents, a decrease from 506 per 100,000 at yearend 2007 (appendix table 10). About 1 in every 198 persons in the U.S. resident population was incarcerated in state or federal prison at yearend 2008. Imprisonment rate refers to the number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year per 100,000 U.S. residents. A decrease in the imprisonment rate resulted from a lower rate of growth in the sentenced prison population (0.5% increase) than in the U.S. resident population (0.8% increase). This was the second decline in the U.S. imprisonment rate since 2000. 4 See Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal Prisoners, 2004 , BJS Web. 11 Oct. 2006. Table 7. Change in number of sentenced prisoners in state prisons, 2000 to 2006, by race and Hispanic origin and offense Race and Hispanic origin Number of prisoners in 2006 Change since 2000 Percent of total change Total offenses 1,331,100 124,700 100.0 % Violent667,90078,80063.2 Property277,90039,40031.6 Drugs265,80014,70011.8 Other b 119,500-8,200-6.6 White a 474,20037,500100% Violent227,50015,10040.3 Property126,20017,60046.9 Drugs72,00013,80036.8 Other b 48,500-9,000-24.0 Black a 508,700-53,300100% Violent267,900-5,50010.3 Property89,700-7,10013.3 Drugs115,700-29,60055.5 Other b 35,400-11,10020.8 Hispanic or Latino 248,90070,400100% Violent141,60054,50077.4 Property32,8004,4006.3 Drugs54,10010,80015.3 Other b 20,4007001.0 Note: Data are for inmates sentenced to more than 1 year under the jurisdiction of state correctional authorities. The estimates for gender were based on jurisdiction counts at yearend (NPS 1B). The estimates by race and Hispanic origin were based on data from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities and updated by yearend jurisdiction counts; estimates within offense categories were based on offense distributions from the National Corrections Reporting Program, 2006, updated by yearend jurisdiction counts. All estimates were rounded to the nearest 100. Detail may not add to total due to rounding. a Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. b Includes public order and other unspecified offenses. December 2010 7 Twenty-eight states reported a decrease in their imprisonment rates, 20 states reported an increase, and two states reported no change to their imprisonment rates at yearend 2008 (figure 5) . Massachusetts and Texas (both down 31 pris- oners per 100,000 U.S. residents) reported the largest declines in their imprisonment rates. Pennsylvania (up 28 prisoners per 100,000), Florida (up 21 prisoners per 100,000), and Ala- bama (up 19 prisoners per 100,000) reported the largest increases in their imprisonment rates at yearend. Figure 5. Change in imprisonment rate, 2007-2008 Massachusetts Texas Nevada Wisconsin Georgia Kentucky Delaware Alaska New York Louisiana Michigan New Jersey Kansas Idaho Utah Wyoming Hawaii South Carolina California Connecticut Oklahoma West Virginia New Hampshire Minnesota Maryland South Dakota Washington Virginia Iowa Vermont Federal Illinois Colorado Oregon Mississippi New Mexico Maine Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Rhode Island North Carolina Ohio Arkansas Montana Tennessee Arizona Indiana Alabama Florida Pennsylvania -40-30-20-100102030 Change in imprisonment rate per 100,000 U.S. residents Jurisdiction Note: The 2008 imprisonment rate included 4,012 male prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year but held in local jails or houses of corrections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; the 2007 imprisonment rate included 6,200 sentenced males held in local jails or houses of corre ctions. See Methodology. Prisoners in 2008 Selected characteristics of the custody population at yearend 2008On December 31, 2008„State and federal prisons and local jails had custody or physical guardianship over 2,304,115 inmates, an increase of 0.3% from yearend 2007 (table 8)About 1 in every 133 U.S. residents was in custody of state or federal prisons or local jails. The incarceration rate„the number of inmates held in custody of state or federal prisons or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents„decreased to 754 inmates at year-end 2008, down from 756 inmates at yearend 2007.The total incarcerated population reached 2,424,279 inmates„up 0.2% or 5,038 inmates from yearend 2007 (table 9)Populations held in ICE facilities (up 2.4%) and in local jails (up 0.7%) increased during 2008. The largest absolute increase of inmates occurred in local jails (5,382), followed by state and federal prisons (692). Populations held in military facilities (down 8.0%), prisons in U.S. territories (down 7.5%), and jails in Indian country (down 1.3%) decreased. The largest absolute decrease of 1,102 inmates occurred in the U.S. territories during 2008.Table 8. Inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, December 31, 2000, 2007, and 2008Number of inmatesPercent of inmatesInmates in custody12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008Average annual change, 2000-2007Percent change, 2007-2008 Total 2,298,041 Federal prisonersTotal140,064197,285198,4145.0%0.6%Prisons133,921189,154189,7705.10.3Federal facilities124,540165,975165,2524.2-0.4Privately operated facilities9,38123,17924,51813.85.8Community Corrections Centers6,1438,1318,6444.16.3State prisoners1,176,2691,320,5821,320,1451.7%0.0%Local jails621,149780,174785,5563.3%0.7%Incarceration rate6847567541.4%-0.3%Total includes all inmates held in state or federal prison facilities or in local jails. It does not include inmates held in U.S. territories, military facilities, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities, jails in Indian country, and juvenile facilitieAfter 2001 the responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Non-secure, privately operated community corrections centers. Counts for inmates held in local jails are for the last weekday of June in each year. Counts were estimated from the Annual Survey of Jails. See MethodologyThe total number in custody of state or federal prison facilities or local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates were as of January 1 of the following year for December 31 estimates. Table 9. Total incarcerated population, December 31, 2007 and 2008Number of inmatesPercent change, 2007-2008Incarcerated population20072008 Total Federal and state prisons1,517,8671,518,5590.0Territorial prisons14,67813,576-7.5Local jails780,174785,5560.7ICE facilities9,7209,9572.4Military facilities1,7941,651-8.0Jails in Indian country2,1632,135-1.3Juvenile facilities92,84592,845::Not calculated.Total includes all inmates held in state or federal public prison facilities, local jails, U.S. territories, military facilitieU.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) owned and contracted facilities, jails in Indian country, and juvenile facilities.Counts for inmates held in local jails are for the last weekday of June in each year. Data are from the 2006 Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP), conducted by the Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. December 20109 Men ages 30 to 34 and women ages 35 to 39 had the highest imprisonment ratesAt yearend 2008, 1,434,800 men and 105,300women were serving prison sentences of morethan one year (appendix table 13). Men ages 25to 29 represented the largest share (17.2%) ofsentenced male prisoners in state or federalprison. The imprisonment rate for men washighest for those ages 30 to 34 (2,366 per 100,000men in the U.S. resident population), followed bymen ages 25 to 29 (2,238 per 100,000) (appendixtable 14). Women ages 35 to 39 made up the largest per-centage (19.8%) of sentenced female prisonersunder state or federal jurisdiction. The impris-onment rate for women was also highest forthose ages 35 to 39 (201 per 100,000 women inthe U.S. resident population), followed bywomen ages 30 to 34 (190 per 100,000) (appen-dix table 14). State prison capacities were higher in 2008 than in 2000; percent of capacity occupied decreased in 2008State and federal correctional authorities providethree measures of their facilities capacity.Rated capacity is the number of beds or inmatesassigned by a rating official to institutions withinthe jurisdiction.Operational capacity is the number of inmatesthat can be accommodated based on a facilitysstaff, existing programs, and services.Design capacity is the number of inmates thatplanners or architects intended for the facility. Highest capacity is the sum of the maximumnumber of beds and inmates reported by thestates and the federal system across the threecapacity measures. Lowest capacity is the mini-mum of these three capacity measures reportedby the states and the federal system. Estimates ofprison populations as a percentage of capacityare based on the jurisdictions custody popula-tion. In general a jurisdictions capacity and cus-tody counts exclude inmates held in private facil-ities. Some states include prisoners held inprivate facilities as part of the capacity of theirprison systems. Where this occurs, prison popu-lation as a percent of capacity includes privateprisoners.The federal system reported a rated capacity of122,479 beds at yearend 2008 (appendix table24). The highest capacity reported by the stateswas 1,272,345, and the lowest capacity reportedwas 1,139,927 (table 10). These capacities arebetween 10% and 14% higher than the capacitiesreported by the states in 2000.In 2008 the percent of capacity occupied in stateprisons decreased. States were operating at 97%of their highest capacity and over 8% of theirlowest capacity at yearend. Eighteen states wereoperating at more than 100% of highest capacityby yearend 2008, and 24 were operating at morethan 100% of lowest capacity.Table 10. Number of inmates held in custody of state prisons, as a percent of capacity, 1995 and 2000-2008YearHighest capacityLowest capacityState capacity, 20081,272,3451,139,927Note: Capacity excludes prisoners held in local jails and in privately operated facilities, with exceptions. See NPS jurisdiction notes. Revised 4/1/2010 Prisoners in 2008 Trends in the ICE populationAt yearend 2008, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement(ICE) had custody over 34,161 detainees, up 14,646 detaineesfrom yearend 2000 and up 3,730 detainees from yearend 2007(table 11). The 12.3% growth in the number of detainees incustody of ICE during 2008 was greater than the averageannual growth rate (6.6%) of the number of detainees heldfrom 2000 to 2007. More than half (57.5%) of all detainees were held infacilities in Texas (8,695), California (3,694), Arizona(2,975), Florida (2,195), and Georgia (2,075). Thenumber of detainees held in Texas has increased by 5,080since 2000, representing 34.7% of the growth in thenumber of detainees held nationwide (14,646 detainees)during this period. Nationwide, the overall number of ICE detainees heldper facility (state, federal, local, or ICE) has doubledsince 2000 (not shown in table). Approximately 53detainees were held per facility in 2000, compared toabout 115 in 2008. The number of state, federal, andlocal jails responsible for holding this growingpopulation declined from 347 to 256 during thisperiod, and the average number of detainees held perfacility increased from approximately 37 to 95. ICEincreased its number of facilities from 24 in 2000 to 41in 2008, while its average number of detainees heldper facility fell from about 276 to 243. Texas hasindependently added a net of three ICE/INS-ownedor -contracted facilities since 2000, and increased thenumber of detainees held in the average Texas facilityfrom approximately 79 in 2000 to 248 in 2008. Mexican citizens represented over a third (36.2% or12,360 detainees) of the detainee population in 2008,followed by El Salvadorans (10.3% or 3,521detainees), Guatemalans (9.4% or 3,227 detainees),and Hondurans (8.1% or 2,780) (figure 6). Amongthese groups the fastest growth occurred in theMexican detainee population, increasing from 4,267ICE detainees in 2000 to 4,623 in 2005. From 2005 to2007 the Mexican detainee population more thandoubled from 4,623 to 10,358 ICE detainees. Thenumber of Mexican detainees increased at a slowerpace in 2008, reaching 12,360 at yearend. While the El Salvadoran detainee population experienced asimilar pattern of growth, the population increased at a slowerpace during these same periods. The El Salvadoran detaineepopulation rose from 1,125 in 2000 to 1,727 in 2005. From2005 to 2007 this detainee population increased from 1,727 to3,005 ICE detainees. During 2008 the El Salvadoran detaineepopulation increased at a slower pace, reaching 3,521 atyearend. Figure 6. ICE detainees held, by country of origin, 2000-2008 Number of detainees 200020022004200620082,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,000As of December 31El SalvadorGuatemalaHonduras Table 11. Selected characteristics of ICE detainees and facilities, 2000, 2007, and 2008Average annual change, 2000-2007Percent change, 2007-2008Number of detaineesCharacteristics200020072008 Total 19,515 34,161 States holding the largest number of detaineesTexas3,6157,8428,69511.7%10.9%California3,2103,7023,6942.1-0.2Arizona1,6852,9432,9758.31.1Florida1,4911,8612,1953.217.9Georgia5961,4522,07513.642.9Facility typeIntergovernmental service agree-ment and Bureau of Prisons12,90420,71124,2047.0%16.9%ICE owned and contracted6,6119,7209,9575.72.4Number of facilities371326297Intergovernmental service agree-ment and Bureau of Prisons347292256ICE owned and contracted243441Note: Only select characteristics are detailed; categories may not add to totals. December 2010 MethodologyNational Prisoner StatisticsBegun in 1926 under a mandate from Congress,the National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) programcollects statistics on prisoners at midyear andyearend. The Census Bureau serves as the datacollection agent for the Bureau of Justice Statis-tics (BJS). BJS depends entirely upon the volun-tary participation by state departments of cor-rections and the Federal Bureau of Prisons forNPS data.The NPS distinguishes between prisoners in cus-tody and prisoners under jurisdiction. To havecustody of a prisoner, a state or federal prisonmust hold that prisoner in one of its facilities. Tohave jurisdiction over a prisoner, a state or fed-eral prison must have legal authority over theprisoner. Some states are unable to provide pris-oner counts that distinguish between custodyand jurisdiction.The NPS jurisdiction counts include prisonersserving a sentence within a jurisdictions facili-ties. These facilities include prisons, penitentia-ries, correctional facilities, halfway houses, bootcamps, farms, training/treatment centers, andhospitals. Jurisdiction counts include inmateswho are„€ temporarily absent (less than 30 days), out tocourt, or on work release€ housed in privately-operated facilities, localjails, other state or federal facilities€ serving concurrent sentences for more thanone correctional authority.The NPS custody counts include all inmates heldwithin a respondents facilities, includinginmates housed for other correctional facilities.The custody counts exclude inmates held in localjails and in other jurisdictions. With a few excep-tions for several respondents, the NPS custodycounts exclude inmates held in privately-oper-ated facilities.Additionally, NPS data include counts of inmatesin combined jail-prison systems in Alaska, Con-necticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, andVermont. The District of Columbia has operatedonly a jail system since yearend 2001. Prisonerssentenced under the District of Columbia crimi-nal code are housed in federal facilities. Selectedpreviously published prisoner counts and per-cent population change statistics include DC jailinmates for 2001, the last year of collection.Additional information is provided in notes tothe tables, where applicable.Nevada was not able to provide 2007 data. Esti-mates were calculated using ratio estimates. Allnumbers were reviewed and approved by indi-viduals at the Nevada Department of Correc-tions.Additional information about the data collection instruments instruments is available online at ttp://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov&#xh16.;瀀.Military Corrections StatisticsBJS obtains yearend counts of prisoners in thecustody of U.S. military authorities from theDepartment of Defense Corrections Council.The council, composed of representatives fromeach branch of the military services, adopted astandardized report (DD Form 2720) with acommon set of items and definitions in 1994.This report obtains data on persons held in U.S.military confinement facilities inside and outsideof the continental United States, by branch ofservice, gender, race, Hispanic origin, convictionstatus, sentence length, and offense. It also pro-vides data on the number of facilities and theirdesign and rated capacities.Other inmate countsIn 1995 BJS began collecting yearend counts ofprisoners from the department of corrections inthe U.S. Territories (American Samoa, Guam,and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and U.S. Common-wealths (Northern Mariana Islands and PuertoRico). These counts include all inmates forwhom the territory or Commonwealth had legalauthority or jurisdiction and all inmates in phys-ical custody (held in prison or local jail facili-ties). The counts are collected by gender, race,Hispanic origin, and sentence length. Addition-ally, BJS obtains reports on the design and ratedand operational capacities of these correctionalfacilities. BJS obtains yearend counts of persons detainedby U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement(ICE), formerly the U.S. Immigration and Natu-ralization Service. Located within the Depart-ment of Homeland Security, ICE is responsiblefor holding persons for immigration violations.ICE holds persons in federal, state, and locallyoperated prisons and jails, as well as privatelyoperated facilities under exclusive contract andICE-operated facilities. Revised 4/1/2010 12 Prisoners in 2008 Data on the number of inmates held in the cus- tody of local jails are from the BJS Annual Sur- vey of Jails (ASJ). The ASJ provides data on inmates in custody at midyear. For more infor- mation about the ASJ. (See Methodology in Jail Inmates at Midyear 2008 … Statistical Tables, BJS Web. 9 Mar. 2009.) Federal prisoner data used to calculate race and offense distributions are obtained from BJS Fed- eral Justice Statistics Program (FJSP). The FJSP obtains its data from the Federal Bureau of Pris- ons. These data include individual-level records of prisoners in federal facilities as of September 30. Specifically, the FJSP provides counts of sen- tenced federal inmates by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and offense. Guam did not submit data for 2008. Data for 2008 are estimates based on the percent change from 2006 to 2007 as reported by Guams Department of Corrections. Estimates of juvenile inmates for 2007 and 2008 are based on data from 2006 as reported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre- vention (OJJDP), Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Estimating changes in admissions and releases Technically, the change in the prison population from the beginning of the year to the end of the year should equal the difference between the number of admissions and releases during the year. The formula used to calculate this change is P(t)-P(t-1)=A(t)-R(t). Within this formula, t equals the year referenced, P(t-1) equals the start of the year population, P(t) equals the end of the year population, A(t) equals admissions during the year, and R(t) equals releases during the year. However, throughout this report, the references to differences in prison populations refer to the differences between two yearend differences, such as the difference between December 31, 2007, and December 31, 2008. Hence, compari- sons of admissions and releases during the year with two yearend population counts may be equal, as there may be changes in the prisoner counts between the last count of the year (December 31) and the first count of the follow- ing year (January 1). Also, due to information- system processing issues within states, the two sets of differences do not always equal the differ- ence between the number of admissions and releases for various reasons, such as the final data on admissions and releases may be logged into systems after the surveys have been submitted to BJS. During the 2008 collections, all but three states submitted data in which the differences between the start of year and yearend popula- tions equaled the difference between admissions and releases. Estimating age-specific incarceration rates Estimates are provided for the number of sen- tenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdic- tion by gender. Further, prisoners are character- ized within genders by age group, race (non- Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black), and Hispanic origin. The detailed race and Hispanic origin categories exclude estimates of persons identifying two or more races. Estimates were produced separately for prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction and then com- bined to obtain a total estimated population for 2000 and 2007. State estimates were prepared by combining information about the gender of pris- oners from the NPS with information reported during inmate interviews on race and Hispanic origin in the 2004 Survey of Inmates of State Correctional Facilities. For the estimates of federal prisoners, the distri- butions of FJSP counts of sentenced federal pris- oners by gender, age, race, and Hispanic origin on September 30, 2008, were applied to the NPS counts of sentenced federal prisoners by gender at yearend 2008. Estimates of the U.S. resident population for Jan- uary 1, 2009, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, were generated by applying the Decem- ber 31, 2008, age distributions within gender, race, and Hispanic origin groups to the January 1, 2009, population estimates by gender. The population estimates were provided by the U.S. Census Bureau. Age-specific rates of imprisonment for each demographic group were calculated by dividing the estimated number of sentenced prisoners within each age group by the estimated number of U.S. residents in each age group. That number was multiplied by 100,000, and then rounded to the nearest whole number. Totals by gender include all prisoners and U.S. residents regard- less of racial or Hispanic origin. Detailed race and Hispanic origin imprisonment rates exclude persons identifying two or more races. December 2010 13 Definitions Average annual change „arithmetic average (mean) annual change across a specific time period. Custody „physical location in which an inmate is held regardless of which entity has legal authority over an inmates. For example, a local jail may hold, or have custody over, a state-sen- tenced prisoner who may be held there because of overcrowding. The custody population refers to the number of inmates held in state or federal public prisons or local jails, regardless of sen- tence length or the state having jurisdiction Design capacity „ the number of inmates that planners or architects intended for a facility. Highest capacity „the sum of the maximum number of beds reported across three capacity measures: design capacity, operational capacity, and rated capacity. Imprisonment rate „the number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction sentenced to more than 1 year, per 100,000 U.S. resident pop- ulation. Incarceration rate „see total incarceration rate. Inmates „individuals held in the custody of state or federal prisons or in local jails. Jail „confinement facilities usually administered by a local law enforcement agency, intended for adults but sometimes holding juveniles, before or after adjudication. Facilities include jails and city/county correctional centers, special jail facil- ities such as medical treatment or release centers, halfway houses, work farms, and temporary holding or lockup facilities that are part of the jails combined function. Inmates sentenced to jail facilities usually have a sentence of 1 year or less. Jails in Indian country „jails, confinement facilities, detention centers, and other facilities operated by tribal authorities or the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Jurisdiction „the entity having legal authority over a prisoner, regardless of where that prisoner is held. The prison population under jurisdiction refers to the number of prisoners under state or federal correctional authority regardless of the facility in which a prisoner is held. For example, state-sentenced prisoners held in local jails are under the jurisdiction of state correctional authorities. Lowest capacity „the sum of the minimum number of beds across three capacity measures: design capacity, operational capacity, and rated capacity. Operational capacity „the number of inmates that can be accommodated based on a facilitys staff, existing programs, and services. Prisons „compared to jail facilities, prisons are longer-term facilities run by a state or the federal government typically holding felons and pris- oner with sentences of more than 1 year. How- ever, sentence length may vary by state. Con- necticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, Delaware, Alaska, and Hawaii operate integrated systems that combine prisons and jails. Prisoners „individuals confined in correctional facilities under the legal authority (jurisdiction) of state and federal correctional officials. Rated capacity „the number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating official to institutions within the jurisdiction. Sentenced prisoner „a prisoner sentenced to more than 1 year. Total incarceration rate „the number of inmates held in the custody of state or federal prisons or in local jails, per 100,000 U.S. resi- dents. Total inmates in custody „includes inmates held in any public facility run by a state or the Federal Bureau of Prisons, including halfway houses, camps, farms, training/treatment cen- ters, and hospitals. This number also includes the number of inmates held in local jails as reported by correctional authorities in the Annual Survey of Jails. Data for jails are as of the last weekday of June. Prisoners in 2008 Appendix table contentsAppendix Table 1. Prisoners under the jurisdic-tion of state or federal prisons or in the custodyof state or federal prisons or local jails, Decem-ber 31, 2000-2008Appendix Table 2. Prisoners under the jurisdic-tion of state or federal correctional authorities,by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 andAppendix Table 3. Male prisoners under thejurisdiction of state or federal correctionalauthorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000,2007 and 2008Appendix Table 4. Female prisoners under thejurisdiction of state or federal correctionalauthorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000,2007 and 2008Appendix Table 5. Sentenced prisoners underthe jurisdiction of state or federal correctionalauthorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000,2007 and 2008Appendix Table 6. Number of sentenced maleprisoners under the jurisdiction of state and fed-eral correctional authorities, December 31,Appendix Table 7. Sentenced male prisonersunder the jurisdiction of state or federal correc-tional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31,2000, 2007 and 2008Appendix Table 8. Number of sentenced femaleprisoners under the jurisdiction of state or fed-eral correctional authorities, December 31,Appendix Table 9. Sentenced female prisonersunder the jurisdiction of state or federal correc-tional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31,2000, 2007 and 2008Appendix Table 10. Imprisonment rates of sen-tenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state andfederal correctional authorities, by gender andjurisdiction, December 31, 2007 and 2008Appendix Table 11. Number of sentenced pris-oners admitted and released from state or federaljurisdiction, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000,2007 and 2008Appendix Table 12. Number of sentenced pris-oners admitted and release from state or federaljurisdiction, by type, December 31, 2008Appendix Table 13. Estimated number of sen-tenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdic-tion, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age,December 31, 2008Appendix Table 14. Estimated rate of sentencedprisoners under state or federal jurisdiction per100,000 U.S. residents, by gender, race, Hispanicorigin, and age, December 31, 2008Appendix Table 15. Estimated number of sen-tenced prisoners under state jurisdiction, byoffense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, year-end 2006Appendix Table 16. Estimated percent of sen-tenced prisoners under state jurisdiction byoffense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, year-end 2006Appendix Table 17. Number of sentenced pris-oners in federal prison, by most serious offense,2000, 2007and 2008Appendix Table 18. Number of state or federalprisoners in private facilities, December, 2000-Appendix Table 19. Number of state or federalprisoners in private facilities, by jurisdiction,December 31, 2000, 2006-2008Appendix Table 20. Number of state or federalprisoners in local facilities, December 31, 2000-Appendix Table 21. Number of state and federalprisoners in local jail facilities, by jurisdiction,December 31, 2000, 2006-2008Appendix Table 22. Prisoners in custody of cor-rectional authorities in the U.S. territories andcommonwealths, yearend 2007 and 2008Appendix Table 23. Prisoners under militaryjurisdiction, by branch of service, yearend 2007and 2008Appendix Table 24. Reported state and federalprison capacities, December 31, 2008Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 NPS jurisdiction notesAlaska„Prisons and jails form oneintegrated system. All NPS data include jailand prison populations housed in state andout of state. Jurisdictional counts excludeinmates held in local jails that are operated bycommunities. Arizona„Population counts are based oncustody data and inmates in contracted beds.California„Jurisdiction counts includefelons and unsentenced inmates who aretemporarily absent, i.e. housed in local jails,hospitals, etc. This definition is comparableto the 1998 NPS 1b definition.Discrepancies between admissions andreleases and within-year change in the prisonpopulation are due to incomplete data aboutinmate movements, such as inmates out tocourt or readmitted on violations.Colorado„Counts include 222 inmates inthe Youthful Offender System, which wasestablished primarily for violent juvenileoffenders. Capacity figures exclude sevenprivately run facilities under contract withthe Department of Corrections.„Prisons and jails form oneintegrated system. All NPS data include jailand prison populations. Federal„Custody counts include inmateshoused in secure facilities where the BOP hada direct contract with a private operator or asub-contract with a private provider at a localgovernment facility. Custody includesinmates held in non-secure privatelyoperated community corrections centers orHalfway Houses and inmates held on homeconfinement. Florida„Counts are not comparable to 2006counts due to new methods of data collectionbeginning in 2007.Georgia- Counts are based on custody data.Hawaii„Prisons and jails form oneintegrated systems. All NPS data include jailand prison populations Iowa„Population counts are based oncustody data. Population counts for Inmateswith a sentence of more than 1 year includean undetermined number of inmates with asentence of less than 1 year and unsentencedinmates. Iowa does not differentiate betweenthese groups in its data system. Due to achange in reporting in 2006, out of stateinmates have been included in jurisdictioncounts. Discrepancies between admissionsand releases and within-year change in theprison population are due to data entrycorrections made throughout the year.Kansas„Admission and release data arebased on the custody population. Due to anew, computerized reporting system, 2007admission and release data is not comparableto previous years counts. Louisiana„Counts for 2007 are as ofDecember 27, 2007. Custody and jurisdictioncounts include evacuees from HurricaneKatrina and other pre-trial offenders fromOrleans and Jefferson parish jails. Maryland„The number of prisoners identi-fying their race as unknown has increaseddue to changes in the information system.Massachusetts„By law, offenders may besentenced to terms of up to 2.5 years inlocally-operated jails and correctional institu-tions. Such populations are included incounts and rates for local jails and correc-tional institutions. Counts exclude 4,012inmates with sentences of more than 1 yearheld in local jails in 2008 and 6,200 inmatesin 2007. Jurisdiction and custody countsinclude an undetermined number of inmateswho were remanded to court, transferred tothe custody of another state, federal, orlocally-operated system, and subsequentlyreleased. Minnesota„Counts include inmates tempo-rarily housed in local jails or private contractfacilities, or on work release and communitywork crew programs. Mississippi„Operational and design capaci-ties include private prison capacities.Missouri„Design capacities are not avail-able for older prisons. Operational capacity isdefined as the number of available bedsinclude those temporarily offline. MissouriDepartment of Corrections does not haveupdated design capacity for prison extensionor improvements.Montana„Population counts include a smallnumber of inmates with unknown sentencelengths. Capacity figures include two county operatedregional prisons (an estimated 300 beds), oneprivate prison (500 beds), and a state oper-ated boot camp (60 beds). In 2006, theDepartment of Corrections changed itsmethod of accounting for community correc-tions offenders placed in residential treat-ment programs. To track growth patterns, anew standard process was applied to historicpopulations, resulting in some changes toprevious years counts.Nevada„Due to an information system con-version that occurred during 2007, Nevadaofficials were unable to report data for 2007.All 2007 data were estimated from 2006reported data. All estimates were reviewed byindividuals at the Nevada Department ofCorrections. New Hampshire„Due to a system conver-sion, detailed information on prisoners sen-tenced to 1 year or less, unsentenced males,and specific types of admission and releasescannot be captured.New Jersey„Counts of inmates with asentence of more than 1 year include anundetermined number of inmates withsentences of 1 year. The Department ofCorrections has no jurisdiction over inmateswith sentences of less than 1 year or overunsentenced inmates. Rated capacity figuresare not maintained.North Carolina„Capacity figures refer tostandard operating capacity, based on singleoccupancy per cell and 50 square feet perinmate in multiple occupancy units.Ohio„Counts of inmates with a sentence ofmore than 1 year include an undeterminednumber of inmates with sentences of 1 yearor less. Due to a system conversion, admis-sion and release data may vary from pastyears. Returns and conditional releasesinvolving Transitional Control inmates arereported only after movement from confine-ment to actual release status occurs.Oklahoma„Population counts for inmateswith sentences of less than 1 year consistmainly of offenders ordered by the court tothe Delayed Sentencing Program for YoungAdults pursuant to 22 O.S. 996 through 996.3.As of November 4, 1998, Oklahoma has onetype of capacity, which includes state prisons,private prisons, and contract jails.Oregon„Counts include an undeterminednumber of inmates with sentences of 1 yearor less. County authorities retain jurisdictionover the majority of these types of inmates.Pennsylvania„As of May 31, 2004, theDepartment began using a new capacityreporting system based on design as well asother crucial factors such as facility infra-structure, support services, and program-ming. Prisoners in 2008 NPS jurisdiction notes (cont.)Rhode Island„Prisons and jails form oneintegrated system. Data reported include jailand prison populations. Improved methodswere used to measure admissions and releasesduring 2007. Admission and release data for2000 and 2007 are not comparable.South Carolina„Population counts include36 inmate who were unsentenced, under safe-keeping, or ICC status. As of July 1, 2003,South Carolina Department of Corrections(SCDC) began releasing inmates due forrelease and housed in SCDC institutions onthe 1 day of each month. Since January 1,2008 was a holiday, inmates eligible forrelease on January 1 were released on Decem-ber 31, 2007. Therefore, the inmate count wasat its lowest point for the month on Decem-ber 31, 2007.South Dakota„Discrepancies betweenadmissions and releases and within-yearchange in the prison population resultbecause admission and release data is gath-ered in a separate database than the jurisdic-tion population data.Texas„Jurisdiction counts include inmatesserving time in a pre-parole transfer (PPT) orintermediary sanctions facility (ISF), sub-stance abuse felony punishment facility(SAFPF), private facilities, halfway houses,temporary releases to counties, and paper-ready inmates in local jails.Vermont„Prisons and jails form one inte-grated system. Data reported include jail andprison populations. Improved methods wereused to measure admissions and releases dur-ing 2007. Admission and release data for 2000and 2007 are not comparable. Virginia„Jurisdiction counts are as ofDecember 28, 2007. Rated capacity is theDepartment of Corrections count of beds,which takes into account the number ofinmates that can be accommodated based onstaff, programs, services and design.Washington„A recently revised law allowsincreasing numbers of certain inmates withsentences of less than 1 year to be housed inprison.Wisconsin„Operational capacity excludescontracted local jails, federal and other stateand private facilities. Appendix Table 1. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal prisons or in the custody of state or federal prisons or local jails, December 31, 2000-2008Prisoners under jurisdictionSentenced to more than 1 yearImprisonment rateIncarceration rateYearTotalFederalStateMaleFemale20001,391,261145,4161,245,8451,298,02793,2341,331,27847868420011,404,032156,9931,247,0391,311,05392,9791,345,21747068520021,440,144163,5281,276,6161,342,51397,6311,380,51647670120031,468,601173,0591,295,5421,367,755100,8461,408,36148271220041,497,100180,3281,316,7721,392,278104,8221,433,72848672320051,527,929187,6181,340,3111,420,303107,6261,462,86649173720061,569,945193,0461,376,8991,457,486112,4591,504,66050175120071,598,245199,6181,398,6271,483,740114,5051,532,85050675620081,610,446201,2801,409,1661,495,594114,8521,540,036504754Average annual change,2000-20072.0%4.6%1.7%1.9%3.0%2.0%0.8%1.4Percent change, 2007-20080.80.80.80.80.30.5-0.3-0.2Note: Jurisdiction refers to the legal authority over a prisoner, regardless of where the prisoner is held.Custody refers to where an inmate is held, regardless of which entity has jurisdiction over the inmate.Includes prisoners under the legal authority of state or federal correctional officials with sentences of more than 1 year, regardless of where they are held.Imprisonment rate is the number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year under state or federal jurisdiction per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau for January 1 of the following year for the yearend rates. Incarceration rate is the total number of inmates held in custody of state or federal prisons or local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents. December 2010 Appendix Table 2. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 U.S. total 1,391,261 Federal145,416199,618201,2804.60.8State1,245,8451,398,6271,409,1661.70.8 Northeast Connecticut18,35520,92420,6611.9-1.3Maine1,6792,1482,1953.62.2Massachusetts10,72211,43611,4080.9-0.2New Hampshire2,2572,9432,9043.9-1.3New Jersey29,78426,82725,953-1.5-3.3New York70,19962,62060,347-1.6-3.6Pennsylvania36,84745,96950,1473.29.1Rhode Island3,2864,0184,0452.90.7Vermont1,6972,1452,1163.4-1.4 Midwest Illinois45,28145,21545,4740.00.6Indiana20,12527,13228,3224.44.4Iowa7,9558,7328,7661.30.4Kansas8,3448,6968,5390.6-1.8Michigan47,71850,23348,7380.7-3.0Minnesota6,2389,4689,4066.1-0.7Missouri27,54329,85730,1861.21.1Nebraska3,8954,5054,5202.10.3North Dakota1,0761,4161,4524.02.5Ohio45,83350,73151,6861.51.9South Dakota2,6163,3113,3423.40.9Wisconsin20,75423,74323,3801.9-1.5 South Alabama26,33229,41230,5081.63.7Arkansas11,91514,31414,7162.72.8Delaware6,9217,2767,0750.7-2.8District of Columbia7,456~~::Florida71,31998,219102,3884.74.2Georgia44,23254,25652,7193.0-2.8Kentucky14,91922,45721,7066.0-3.3Louisiana35,20737,54038,3810.92.2Maryland23,53823,43323,324-0.1-0.5Mississippi20,24122,43122,7541.51.4North Carolina31,26637,97039,4822.84.0Oklahoma23,18125,84925,8641.60.1South Carolina21,77824,23924,3261.50.4Tennessee22,16626,26727,2282.53.7Texas166,719171,790172,5060.40.4Virginia30,16838,06938,2763.40.5West Virginia3,8566,0566,0596.70.0 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 2 (cont.)Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008 Region and jurisdictionNumber of prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-200812/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 West Alaska4,1735,1675,0143.1-3.0Arizona26,51037,74639,5895.24.9California163,001174,282173,6701.0-0.4Colorado16,83322,84123,2744.51.9Hawaii5,0535,9785,9552.4-0.4Idaho5,5357,3197,2904.1-0.4Montana3,1053,4623,6071.64.2Nevada10,06313,40012,743::New Mexico5,3426,4666,4022.8-1.0Oregon10,58013,94814,1674.01.6Utah5,6376,5156,5462.10.5Washington14,91517,77217,9262.50.9Wyoming1,6802,0842,0843.10.0~Not applicable. After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was trans-ferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.:Not calculated.Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.Prison population based on custody counts.Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology December 2010 Appendix Table 3. Male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of male prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 U.S. total 1,298,027 Federal135,171186,280188,0074.70.9State1,162,8561,297,4601,307,5871.60.8 Northeast Connecticut16,94919,42819,1592.0-1.4Maine1,6132,0092,0393.21.5Massachusetts10,05910,64610,6570.80.1New Hampshire2,1372,7412,6703.6-2.6New Jersey28,13425,41724,654-1.4-3.0New York66,91959,86657,760-1.6-3.5Pennsylvania35,26843,50647,1933.08.5Rhode Island3,0483,7363,8023.01.8Vermont1,6171,9871,9983.00.6 Midwest Illinois42,43242,39142,7530.00.9Indiana18,67324,83725,8294.24.0Iowa7,3638,0158,0171.20.0Kansas7,8408,0717,9700.4-1.3Michigan45,58748,15346,7810.8-2.8Minnesota5,8708,8668,7786.1-1.0Missouri25,55027,33527,7371.01.5Nebraska3,6294,1064,1301.80.6North Dakota1,0081,2691,2923.31.8Ohio43,02546,90947,7731.21.8South Dakota2,4162,9422,9872.91.5Wisconsin19,38722,21622,0232.0-0.9 South Alabama24,50627,25428,2771.53.8Arkansas11,14313,24813,6562.53.1Delaware6,3246,6996,5180.8-2.7District of Columbia7,100~~::Florida67,21491,36595,2374.54.2Georgia41,47450,71149,0272.9-3.3Kentucky13,85820,01619,4365.4-2.9Louisiana32,98835,08235,8650.92.2Maryland22,31922,24922,2640.00.1Mississippi18,57220,46920,7731.41.5North Carolina29,36335,34436,7042.73.8Oklahoma20,78723,24223,3401.60.4South Carolina20,35822,63522,6931.50.3Tennessee20,79724,34425,0992.33.1Texas153,097157,859158,6530.40.5Virginia28,10935,13635,3093.20.5West Virginia3,5535,4225,4116.2-0.2 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 3. (cont.)Male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of male prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 West Alaska3,8894,6034,5112.4-2.0Arizona24,54634,28635,8234.94.5California151,840162,654162,0501.0-0.4Colorado15,50020,50620,9804.12.3Hawaii4,4925,2325,2272.2-0.1Idaho5,0426,5196,5323.70.2Montana2,7993,1613,2441.82.6Nevada9,21712,22111,761::New Mexico4,8315,8905,8332.9-1.0Oregon9,98412,88813,0583.71.3Utah5,2565,8835,9061.60.4Washington13,85016,25816,5222.31.6Wyoming1,5241,8381,8762.72.1~Not applicable. After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was trans-ferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.Prison population based on custody counts. Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology December 2010 Appendix Table 4. Females prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of female prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 U.S. total 93,234 Federal10,24513,33813,2733.8-0.5State82,989101,167101,5792.90.4 Northeast Connecticut1,4061,4961,5020.90.4Maine6613915611.212.2Massachusetts6637907512.5-4.9New Hampshire1202022347.715.8New Jersey1,6501,4101,299-2.2-7.9New York3,2802,7542,587-2.5-6.1Pennsylvania1,5792,4632,9546.619.9Rhode Island2382822432.5-13.8Vermont8015811810.2-25.3 Midwest -1.0 Illinois2,8492,8242,721-0.1-3.6Indiana1,4522,2952,4936.88.6Iowa5927177492.84.5Kansas5046255693.1-9.0Michigan2,1312,0801,957-0.3-5.9Minnesota3686026287.34.3Missouri1,9932,5222,4493.4-2.9Nebraska2663993906.0-2.3North Dakota6814716011.68.8Ohio2,8083,8223,9134.52.4South Dakota2003693559.1-3.8Wisconsin1,3671,5271,3571.6-11.1 South Alabama1,8262,1582,2312.43.4Arkansas7721,0661,0604.7-0.6Delaware597577557-0.5-3.5District of Columbia356~~::Florida4,1056,8547,1517.64.3Georgia2,7583,5453,6923.74.1Kentucky1,0612,4412,27012.6-7.0Louisiana2,2192,4582,5161.52.4Maryland1,2191,1841,060-0.4-10.5Mississippi1,6691,9621,9812.31.0North Carolina1,9032,6262,7784.75.8Oklahoma2,3942,6072,5241.2-3.2South Carolina1,4201,6041,6331.81.8Tennessee1,3691,9232,1295.010.7Texas13,62213,93113,8530.3-0.6Virginia2,0592,9332,9675.21.2West Virginia30363464811.12.2 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 4. (cont.)Females prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of female prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 West -0.4 Alaska28456450310.3-10.8Arizona1,9643,4603,7668.48.8California11,16111,62811,6200.6-0.1Colorado1,3332,3352,2948.3-1.8Hawaii5617467284.2-2.4Idaho4938007587.2-5.3Montana306301363-0.220.6Nevada8461,179982::New Mexico5115765691.7-1.2Oregon5961,0601,1098.64.6Utah3816326407.51.3Washington1,0651,5141,4045.2-7.3Wyoming1562462086.7-15.4~Not applicable.After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. :Not calculated.Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.Prison population based on custody counts.Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 Appendix Table 5. Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of sentenced prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 U.S. total 1,331,278 Federal125,044179,204182,3335.31.7State1,206,2341,353,6461,357,7031.70.3 Northeast Connecticut13,15514,39714,2711.3-0.9Maine1,6351,9501,9852.51.8Massachusetts9,4799,87210,1660.63.0New Hampshire2,2572,9302,9043.8-0.9New Jersey29,78426,82725,953-1.5-3.3New York70,19962,17459,959-1.7-3.6Pennsylvania36,84445,44648,9623.07.7Rhode Island1,9662,4812,5223.41.7Vermont1,3131,6171,6183.00.1 Midwest Illinois45,28145,21545,4740.00.6Indiana19,81127,11428,3014.64.4Iowab,c7,9558,7328,7661.30.4Kansas8,3448,6968,5390.6-1.8Michigan47,71850,23348,7380.7-3.0Minnesota6,2389,4689,4066.1-0.7Missouri27,51929,84430,1751.21.1Nebraska3,8164,3294,4241.82.2North Dakota9941,4161,4525.22.5Ohio45,83350,73151,6861.51.9South Dakota2,6133,3063,3333.40.8Wisconsin20,33622,30721,1031.3-5.4 South Alabama26,03428,60529,6941.43.8Arkansas11,85114,31014,6602.72.4Delaware3,9374,2014,0670.9-3.2District of Columbia5,008~~::Florida71,31898,219102,3884.74.2Georgia44,14154,23252,7053.0-2.8Kentucky14,91921,82321,0595.6-3.5Louisiana35,20737,34137,8040.81.2Maryland22,49022,78022,7490.2-0.1Mississippi19,23921,50221,6981.60.9North Carolina27,04333,01634,2292.93.7Oklahoma23,18124,19724,2100.60.1South Carolina21,01723,31423,4561.50.6Tennessee22,16626,26727,2282.53.7Texas158,008161,695156,9790.3-2.9Virginia29,64337,98438,2163.60.6West Virginia3,7956,0496,0196.9-0.5 Revised 4/1/2010 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 5. (cont.)Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008 Number of sentenced prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 West Alaska2,1283,0722,9665.4-3.5Arizona25,41235,49037,1884.94.8California160,412172,856172,5831.1-0.2Colorado16,83322,84123,2744.51.9Hawaii3,5534,3674,3043.0-1.4Idaho5,5357,3197,2904.1-0.4Montana3,1053,4313,5791.44.3Nevada10,06313,24512,743::New Mexico4,6666,2256,3154.21.4Oregon10,55313,91814,1314.01.5Utah5,5416,4216,4222.10.0Washington14,66617,75717,9262.81.0Wyoming1,6802,0842,0843.10.0Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. ~Not applicable. After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.:Not calculatedPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations. Includes some prisoners sentenced to 1 year or less. Prison population based on custody counts. Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology Appendix Table 6. Number of sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008Number of sentenced male prisonersPercent of all sentenced prisonersYearTotalFederalState20001,246,234116,6471,129,58793.6%20011,260,033127,5191,132,51493.720021,291,450133,7321,157,71893.520031,315,790142,1491,173,64193.420041,337,730148,9301,188,80093.320051,364,178155,6781,208,50093.320061,401,317162,4171,238,90093.120071,427,064167,6761,259,38893.120081,434,784170,7551,264,02993.2Average annual change, 2000-20072.0%5.3%1.6%:Percent change, 2007-20080.51.80.4:Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. :Not calculated. Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 Appendix Table 7. Sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Region and jurisdictionNumber of sentenced male prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,12/31/200012/31/200712/31/20082007-2008 U.S. total 1,246,234 Federal116,647167,676170,7555.31.8State1,129,5871,259,3881,264,0291.60.4 Northeast Connecticut12,36513,58113,4681.3-0.8Maine1,5731,8311,8562.21.4Massachusetts9,2509,4389,7240.33.0New Hampshire2,1372,7332,6703.6-2.3New Jersey28,13425,41724,654-1.4-3.0New York66,91959,48257,412-1.7-3.5Pennsylvania35,26643,02446,2612.97.5Rhode Island1,9022,3672,4183.22.2Vermont1,2691,5171,5412.61.6 Midwest Illinois42,43242,39142,7530.00.9Indiana18,36424,81925,8084.44.0Iowab,c7,3638,0158,0171.20.0Kansas7,8408,0717,9700.4-1.3Michigan45,58748,15346,7810.8-2.8Minnesota5,8708,8668,7786.1-1.0Missouri25,53127,32627,7291.01.5Nebraska3,5603,9634,0481.52.1North Dakota9401,2691,2924.41.8Ohio43,02546,90947,7731.21.8South Dakota2,4132,9372,9792.81.4Wisconsin18,97720,89619,8941.4-4.8 South Alabama24,24426,57527,5671.33.7Arkansas11,08413,24413,6062.62.7Delaware3,6923,9893,8621.1-3.2District of Columbia4,924~~::Florida67,21391,36595,2374.54.2Georgia41,39050,68749,0142.9-3.3Kentucky13,85819,50018,9065.0-3.0Louisiana32,98834,89035,3240.81.2Maryland21,42921,64021,7770.10.6Mississippi17,70919,66719,8551.51.0North Carolina25,65431,11532,2182.83.5Oklahoma20,78721,78621,7610.7-0.1South Carolina19,71621,85821,9951.50.6Tennessee20,79724,34425,0992.33.1Texas146,374149,995146,2620.3-2.5Virginia27,65835,05535,2493.40.6West Virginia3,5085,4185,3796.4-0.7 Revised 4/1/2010 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 7. (cont.)Sentenced male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of sentenced male prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2007Percent change,Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/20082007-2008 West Alaska2,0312,8002,7044.7-3.4Arizona23,62332,37733,8744.64.6California149,815161,551161,2201.1-0.2Colorado15,50020,50620,9804.12.3Hawaii3,1753,8633,8292.8-0.9Idaho5,0426,5196,5323.70.2Montana2,7993,1333,2181.62.7Nevada9,21712,06811,761::New Mexico4,3225,6865,7474.01.1Oregon9,95912,86013,0263.71.3Utah5,1805,8055,8031.60.0Washington13,65816,24916,5222.51.7Wyoming1,5241,8381,8762.72.1Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year.~Not applicable. After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was trans-ferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. :Not calculatedPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations. Includes some prisoners sentenced to 1 year or less. Prison population based on custody counts. Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology. Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 Appendix Table 8. Number of sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000-2008Number of sentenced female prisonersPercent of all sentenced prisonersYearTotalFederalState200085,0448,39776,6476.4%200185,1848,99076,1946.3200289,0669,30879,7586.5200392,5719,77082,8016.6200495,99810,20785,7916.7200598,68810,49588,1936.72006103,34311,11692,2276.92007105,78611,52894,2586.92008105,25211,57893,6746.8Average annual change, 2000-20073.2%4.6%3.0%:Percent change, 2007-2008-0.50.4-0.6:Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. :Not calculated. Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 9. Sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008Number of sentenced female prisonersAverage annual change 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 U.S. total 85,044 105,786 105,252 3.2 % -0.5 Federal8,39711,52811,5784.60.4State76,64794,25893,6743.0-0.6 Northeast 7,817 8,304 8,336 0.9 % 0.4 Connecticut790816803-1.6Maine62119129Massachusetts2294344421.8New Hampshire120197234New Jersey1,6501,4101,299New York3,2802,6922,547Pennsylvania1,5782,4222,701Rhode Island64114104-8.8Vermont441007712.4 Midwest 14,556 17,776 17,575 2.9 % -1.1 Illinois2,8492,8242,721Indiana1,4472,2952,4938.6Iowab,c592717749Kansas504625569-9.0Michigan2,1312,0801,957Minnesota368602628Missouri1,9882,5182,446-2.9Nebraska2563663762.7North Dakota5414716015.4Ohio2,8083,8223,913South Dakota200369354-4.1Wisconsin1,3591,4111,209-14.3 South 35,972 44,407 44,050 3.1 % -0.8 Alabama1,7902,0302,1271.84.8Arkansas7671,0661,0544.8-1.1Delaware245212205District of Columbia84~~Florida4,1056,8547,151Georgia2,7513,5453,691Kentucky1,0612,3232,15311.8Louisiana2,2192,4512,480Maryland1,0611,140972-14.7Mississippi1,5301,8351,8430.4North Carolina1,3891,9012,011Oklahoma2,3942,4112,449South Carolina1,3011,4561,461Tennessee1,3691,9232,129Texas11,63411,70010,717-8.4Virginia1,9852,9292,967West Virginia28763164011.9 Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 Appendix Table 9. (cont.)Sentenced female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2006-2008 Number of sentenced female prisonersAverage annual change 2000-2007Percent change,2007-2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 West 18,302 23,771 -0.2 Alaska9727226215.9-3.7Arizona1,7893,1133,3148.26.5California10,59711,30511,3630.90.5Colorado1,3332,3352,2948.3-1.8Hawaii3785044754.2-5.8Idaho4938007587.2-5.3Montana306298361-0.421.1Nevada8461,177982::New Mexico3445395686.65.4Oregon5941,0581,1058.64.4Utah3616166197.90.5Washington1,0081,5081,4045.9-6.9Wyoming1562462086.7-15.4Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year.~Not applicable. After 2001the responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was trans-ferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. :Not calculatedPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations. Includes some prisoners sentenced to 1 year or less. Prison population based on custody counts. Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology. Revised 4/1/2010 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 10. Imprisonment rates of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, by gender and jurisdiction, December 31, 2007 and 2008Imprisonment rate2007 2008Region and jurisdictionTotalMaleFemaleTotalMaleFemale U.S. total Federal591128601137State4478446144584061 Northeast Connecticut4107944540778745Maine1482841815128919Massachusetts2494991321843413New Hampshire2224202922041035New Jersey3085973229857829New York3226352730760525Pennsylvania3657103839376242Rhode Island2354632124047519Vermont2604953226050424 Midwest Illinois3506684235166941Indiana4267917144281877Iowa2915424729153849Kansas3125844430357040Michigan4999714148895139Minnesota1813412317933624Missouri5069488350995781Nebraska2434494124745542North Dakota2213944622540050Ohio4428386544985166South Dakota4137369241273887Wisconsin3977485037470943 South Alabama6151,180856341,21588Arkansas5029497351196972Delaware4829454746390645Florida5351,013735571,05476Georgia5631,069725401,02174Kentucky51293410749290298Louisiana8651,6641118531,642109Maryland4047933940379633Mississippi7341,3851217351,389121North Carolina3616964136870742Oklahoma6651,2111316611,203132South Carolina5241,009645191,00063Tennessee4248046143682466Texas6691,244976391,19187Virginia4909217448991875West Virginia3336106833160469 Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 Appendix Table 10. (cont.)Imprisonment rates of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state and federal correctional authorities, by gender and jurisdiction, December 31, 2007 and 2008 Imprisonment rate20072008Region and jurisdictionTotalMaleFemaleTotalMaleFemale West Alaska4477858243075279Arizona5541,009975671,031101California4718806246787262Colorado4658299646783493Hawaii3385947933258574Idaho48385410647484499Montana3566496236866074Nevada:::48688076New Mexico3135805431658356Oregon3696865637168858Utah2394284623241545Washington2735004627250143Wyoming3946869538768779Note: Imprisonment rate is the number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year per 100,000 U.S. residents. The 2008 imprisonment rate includes 4,012 male prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year but held in local jails or houses of corrections in the Commonwealth of Massa-chusetts. The 2007 imprisonment rate includes 6,200 sentenced males held in local jails or houses of corrections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and an esti-mated number of sentenced prisoners in Nevada. See MethodologyThe 2008 imprisonment rate includes 4,012 male prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year but held in local jails or houses of corrections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The 2007 imprisonment rate includes 6,200 sentenced male prisoners held in local jails or houses of corrections in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison popu-lations.Includes some prisoners sentenced to one year or less.Prison population based on custody counts.The 2007 imprisonment rate includes an estimated number of sentenced prisoners in Nevada. See Methodology Revised 4/1/2010 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 11. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted to and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008AdmissionsReleasesRegion and jurisdiction200020072008Average annual change, 2000-2007Percent change, 2007-2008200020072008Average annual change, 2000-2007Percent change, 2007-2008 U.S. total 625,219 735,454 Federal43,73253,61853,6623.00.135,25948,76452,3484.77.3State581,487689,257685,4702.5-0.5569,599672,397683,1062.41.6 Northeast -0.1 Connecticut6,1856,9826,5031.7-6.95,9186,0566,4040.35.7Maine7511,1117565.8-32.06771,0907207.0-33.9Massachusetts2,0622,6702,9883.811.92,8892,2482,667-3.518.6New Hampshire1,0511,2901,4643.013.51,0441,1791,5071.827.8New Jersey13,65313,79112,9840.1-5.915,36214,35813,885-1.0-3.3New York27,60126,29125,302-0.7-3.828,82827,00927,482-0.91.8Pennsylvania11,77717,66617,4936.0-1.011,75916,34015,6184.8-4.4Rhode Island3,7011,1201,090:-2.73,2238841,086:22.9Vermont9842,3622,273:-3.89462,3452,241:-4.4 Midwest 148,780 -0.7 Illinois29,34435,96836,1253.00.428,87635,73735,7803.10.1Indiana11,87617,23218,3635.56.611,05317,09918,3086.47.1Iowa4,6565,7065,5922.9-2.04,3795,7185,5573.9-2.8Kansas5,0024,8494,506-0.4-7.15,2314,9664,655-0.7-6.3Michigan12,16913,33012,1011.3-9.210,87414,68513,6214.4-7.2Minnesota4,4067,8567,5558.6-3.84,2447,9717,9369.4-0.4Missouri14,45418,30018,6113.41.713,34619,32318,8645.4-2.4Nebraska1,6882,0762,0593.0-0.81,5031,9521,9633.80.6North Dakota6051,0281,0857.95.55989771,0517.37.6Ohio23,78030,80829,5103.8-4.224,79329,23628,5522.4-2.3South Dakota1,4003,2273,11612.7-3.41,3273,2593,10213.7-4.8Wisconsin8,3968,5927,5710.3-11.98,1588,9039,3911.35.5 South 257,065 Alabama6,29610,70811,0377.93.17,13611,07911,5566.54.3Arkansas6,9416,6517,017-0.65.56,3086,0456,610-0.69.3Delaware2,7091,8991,494-4.9-21.32,2601,9051,617-2.4-15.1Florida35,68333,55240,860-0.921.833,99428,70537,277-2.429.9Georgia17,37321,13418,6252.8-11.914,79718,77419,4633.53.7Kentucky8,11615,35914,2739.5-7.17,73313,81915,4138.611.5Louisiana15,73514,54815,854-1.19.014,53614,98414,9910.40.0Maryland10,32710,71610,3960.5-3.010,00410,12310,3830.22.6Mississippi5,7969,7497,9087.7-18.94,9408,4557,8178.0-7.5North Carolina9,84810,83411,8251.49.19,68710,07410,6150.65.4Oklahoma7,4268,7957,9352.4-9.86,6288,4867,9153.6-6.7South Carolina8,4609,9129,6502.3-2.68,6769,4619,5061.20.5Tennessee13,67514,53514,1960.9-2.313,89315,53715,4141.6-0.8Texas58,19772,52572,8043.20.459,77673,02372,1682.9-1.2Virginia9,79113,97313,6255.2-2.59,14812,55913,1944.65.1West Virginia1,5773,3333,12711.3-6.21,2612,9693,12613.05.3 December 2010 Appendix Table 11. (cont.)Number of sentenced prisoners admitted to and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2007 and 2008AdmissionsReleasesRegion and jurisdiction200020072008Average annual change, 2000-2007Percent change, 2007-2008200020072008Average annual change,2000-2007Percent change, 2007-2008 West 207,985 -0.4 205,848 Alaska2,4273,2723,6354.411.12,5993,2863,7413.413.8Arizona9,56014,04614,8675.75.89,10012,56013,1924.75.0California129,640139,608140,8271.10.9129,621135,920136,9250.70.7Colorado7,03610,95911,0896.51.25,88110,60410,6168.80.1Hawaii1,5941,5141,731-0.714.31,3791,5181,7951.418.2Idaho3,3864,0553,8672.6-4.62,6973,8503,8915.21.1Montana1,2022,0552,2648.010.21,0312,1762,11711.3-2.7Nevada*4,9296,3754,610::4,3744,9045,278::New Mexico3,1614,1464,0924.0-1.33,3834,5074,0134.2-11.0Oregon4,0595,3315,3954.01.23,3715,0805,0556.0-0.5Utah3,2703,4663,3940.8-2.12,8973,3933,4002.30.2Washington7,09416,47815,07012.8-8.56,76416,48815,06113.6-8.7Wyoming6387467792.34.46977787641.6-1.8Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. Totals exclude escapees, AWOLS, and transfers to and from other jurisdictions. See Methodology:Not calculated. *Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31 2007. Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 12. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by type, December 31, 2008AdmissionsReleasesRegion and jurisdictionTotalNew court commitmentsParole violatorsTotalConditional releasesUncondi-tional releases U.S. total 739,132 Federal53,66249,2704,39052,3481,22550,708State685,470428,830248,317683,106505,168165,568 Northeast Connecticut6,5035,3351,0776,4042,9723,403Maine756379377720365355Massachusetts2,9882,6783102,6679031,735New Hampshire1,464//1,507//New Jersey12,9849,7153,20113,8859,0684,612New York25,30215,17810,02727,48223,8563,314Pennsylvania17,49310,5646,09915,61810,3963,923Rhode Island1,0909291611,086514567Vermont2,2737991,4742,2412,012227 Midwest Illinois36,12524,26611,78935,78031,3704,333Indiana18,36311,1656,97718,30817,778462Iowa5,5923,0731,2855,5572,8801,410Kansas4,5063,1421,3414,6553,3801,246Michigan12,1017,6773,92713,62111,5571,714Minnesota7,5554,9192,6247,9366,6721,247Missouri18,6119,9528,64618,86416,6182,152Nebraska2,0591,7892701,9639081,042North Dakota1,0857333501,051810233Ohio29,51024,8814,60628,55214,32114,107South Dakota3,1161,1858883,1022,744349Wisconsin7,5714,6132,9469,3918,787563 South Alabama11,0379,6271,39311,5567,2804,083Arkansas7,0175,2861,6916,6106,254311Delaware1,4941,1752911,6171,212266Florida40,86039,99711637,27712,67824,303Georgia18,62510,7317,85419,4631,89317,402Kentucky14,27310,6243,64915,4138,7606,575Louisiana15,85410,5874,96014,99113,7091,109Maryland10,3966,5203,87510,3839,429872Mississippi7,9086,8581,0407,8175,1601,771North Carolina11,82511,37741910,6153,0617,388Oklahoma7,9355,5302,3197,9154,3533,372South Carolina9,6506,4832,9909,5064,9264,348Tennessee14,1968,4255,77115,41410,1295,222Texas72,80446,28525,45072,16856,34313,671Virginia13,62513,00162413,1941,68911,312West Virginia3,1271,4581,2663,1261,6541,041 December 2010 Appendix Table 12. (cont.)Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by type, December 31, 2008AdmissionsReleasesRegion and jurisdictionTotalNew court commitmentsParole violatorsTotalConditional releasesUncondi-tional releases West 15,288 Alaska3,635//3,7411,7091,811Arizona14,86712,4362,37713,19210,1312,181California140,82746,38094,447136,925134,9741,759Colorado11,0896,3554,72010,6169,0211,240Hawaii1,7318239081,795658316Idaho3,8673,5842833,8913,370500Montana2,2641,9203442,1171,816284Nevada4,6103,1841,4265,2782,8862,354New Mexico4,0922,3921,3954,0132,6031,392Oregon5,3953,7031,4565,0554,79618Utah3,3941,7771,6173,4002,422966Washington15,0707,9187,14415,06112,8792,133Wyoming779661117764419334Note: Totals are based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLS. /Not reported.New reporting systems prevent the disaggregation of admission and/or release type.Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31 2007. Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 13. Estimated number of sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, December 31, 2008MaleFemaleAgeTotalWhiteBlackHispanicTotalWhiteBlackHispanic Total 1,434,800 18-1923,8006,50010,4004,9001,00040030020020-24208,40059,40085,00048,40011,5005,4003,0002,30025-29246,40066,000102,80060,00016,0007,3004,4003,10030-34238,10070,70096,80054,40018,5008,9005,0003,20035-39226,70075,20090,50045,90020,8009,9005,9003,20040-44202,50075,50077,40035,60017,9008,7005,1002,60045-49136,30053,10051,30022,60010,7005,2003,1001,50050-5475,80031,60027,00012,3005,0002,5001,40070055-5939,10019,00011,9006,2002,1001,30050030060-6419,20010,7004,7003,0001,00060020020065 or older15,8009,3003,7002,200600400100100Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. See Methodology for estimation method. Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races. Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. Includes persons under age 18. Appendix Table 14. Estimated rate of sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction per 100,000 U.S. residents, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age,December 31, 2008MaleFemaleAgeTotalWhiteBlackHispanicTotalWhiteBlackHispanic Total 149 18-195282381,5326142316442520-241,9168935,5532,4741128620213125-292,2381,0177,1302,61215311530116730-342,3661,2178,0322,41119015538017435-392,1591,1717,3922,26320115643418340-441,9031,0906,2822,03216912736417045-491,2026714,0561,523936521110650-547134072,3851,08545311066155-594292761,3257392218443060-64259184738502129252365 or older95692941863264Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. Rates are per 100,000 U.S. resi-dents in each reference population group. See Methodology for estimation method. Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races. Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. Includes persons under age 18. December 2010 Appendix Table 15. Estimated number of sentenced prisoners under state jurisdiction, by offense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, yearend 2006OffenseAll inmatesMaleFemaleWhiteBlackHispanic Total 92,200 Violent667,900638,10029,800217,100256,400145,300Murder144,500135,7008,80034,70061,40036,800Manslaughter16,70014,9001,8006,9006,1002,400Rape54,80054,40040026,60016,9007,400Other sexual assault105,500104,1001,40056,80020,60023,900Robbery179,500172,4007,10037,50091,50033,900Assault136,600128,8007,90042,80049,80034,700Other violent30,30027,8002,40011,80010,1006,100Property277,900251,20026,700135,30096,00025,000Burglary138,000132,3005,70068,70053,6002,800Larceny51,60043,8007,80023,30017,6007,200Motor vehicle theft27,10025,5001,60010,9007,1007,900Fraud34,40025,0009,40019,20010,0002,900Other property26,80024,7002,10013,3007,6004,200Drug offenses265,800240,50025,40072,100117,60055,700Public-order offenses112,300106,1006,20048,20035,40021,000Other/unspecified7,2002,9004,3001,4003,3001,900Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. Detail may not add to total due to rounding. See Methodology for estimation method.Excludes Hispanics and persons identifying two or more races.Includes negligent manslaughter.Includes weapons, drunk driving, court offenses, commercialized vice, morals and decency offenses, liquor law violations, and other public-order offenses.Includes juvenile offenses and other unspecified offense categories. Appendix Table 16. Estimated percent of sentenced prisoners under state jurisdiction, by offense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, yearend 2006OffenseAll inmatesMaleFemaleWhiteBlackHispanic Total Violent50.2%51.5%32.3%45.8%50.4%58.4%Murder10.911.09.57.312.114.8Manslaughter1.31.22.01.51.21.0Rape4.14.40.55.63.33.0Other sexual assault7.98.41.512.04.19.6Robbery13.513.97.77.918.013.6Assault10.310.48.59.09.813.9Other violent2.32.22.62.52.02.5Property20.9%20.3%28.9%28.5%18.9%10.0%Burglary10.410.76.214.510.51.1Larceny3.93.58.54.93.52.9Motor vehicle theft2.02.11.82.31.43.2Fraud2.62.010.24.02.01.2Other property2.02.02.32.81.51.7Drug offenses20.0%19.4%27.5%15.2%23.1%22.4%Public-order offenses8.4%8.6%6.7%10.2%7.0%8.4%Other/unspecified0.5%0.2%4.6%0.3%0.6%0.8%Note: Totals based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. Detail may not add to total due to rounding. See Methodology for estimation method.Excludes Hispanics and persons identifying two or more races.Includes negligent manslaughter.Includes weapons, drunk driving, court offenses, commercialized vice, morals and decency offenses, liquor law violations, and other public-order offenses.Includes juvenile offenses and other unspecified offense categories. Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 17. Number of sentenced prisoners in federal prison, by most serious offense, 2000, 2007 and 2008Offense200020072008Average annual change, 2000-2007Percent change, 2007-2008 Total Violent offenses13,74015,64715,4831.9%-1.0%Homicide1,3632,9152,94911.51.2Robbery9,7128,9668,718-1.1-2.8Other violent2,6653,7673,8175.11.3Property offenses10,13510,34511,0800.3%7.1%Burglary4625044751.3-5.7Fraud7,5067,8347,7280.6-1.3Other property2,1672,0062,876-1.143.4Drug offenses74,27695,44695,0793.6%-0.4%Public-order offenses32,32556,27359,2988.2%5.4%Immigration13,67619,52819,6785.20.8Weapons10,82225,43526,942135.9Other7,82711,31112,6785.412.1Other/unspecified1,2631,4921,3942.4%-6.6%Note: Based on prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year. All data are for September 30 from the BJS Federal Justice Statistics Program.Includes murder, negligent and non-negligent manslaughter.Includes offenses not classified. Appendix Table 18. Number of state or federal prisoners in private facilities, December 31, 2000-2008Number of prisonersPercent of all prisonersYearTotalFederalState200087,36915,52471,8456.3%200191,82819,25172,5775.8200293,91220,27473,6386.5200395,70721,86573,8426.5200498,62824,76873,8606.62005107,94027,04680,8947.12006113,69727,72685,9717.22007123,94231,31092,6327.82008128,52433,16295,3628.0%Average annual change, 2000-20075.1%10.5%3.7%:Percent change, 2007-20083.75.92.9::Not calculated. December 2010 Appendix Table 19. Number of state and federal prisoners in private facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2006-2008Number of prisonersPercent of all prisoners12/31/2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 U.S. total 87,369 Federal15,52431,31033,16216.5State71,84592,63295,3626.8 Northeast Connecticut0000.0Maine114200.0Massachusetts0000.0New Hampshire0000.0New Jersey2,4982,6862,64110.2New York0000.0Pennsylvania01,0228191.6Rhode Island0000.0Vermont051872634.3 Midwest Illinois0//:Indiana9911,6832,6429.3Iowa0000.0Kansas0000.0Michigan449000.0Minnesota01,1836126.5Missouri0000.0Nebraska0000.0North Dakota96000.0Ohio1,9182,1382,1334.1South Dakota4521150.4Wisconsin4,33723130.1 South Alabama03551010.3Arkansas1,540000Delaware0000.0District of Columbia2,342~~:Florida3,9128,7699,1588.9Georgia3,7464,9745,1389.7Kentucky1,2682,4042,20910.2Louisiana3,0683,0042,9287.6Maryland1271511860.8Mississippi3,2304,7945,49724.2North Carolina3302132170.5Oklahoma6,9315,9175,71122.1South Carolina09120.0Tennessee3,5105,1215,15518.9Texas13,98518,87120,04111.6Virginia1,5711,5351,5354.0West Virginia0000.0 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 19. (cont.)Number of state and federal prisoners in private facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2006-2008Number of prisonersPercent of all prisoners12/31/2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 West 27,199 Alaska1,3831,5241,45028.9Arizona1,4307,7908,36921.1California4,5473,0323,0191.7Colorado/4,8785,27422.7Hawaii1,1872,1292,10835.4Idaho1,1621,9692,11429.0Montana9861,3241,31436.4Nevada508000.0New Mexico2,1552,7202,93545.8Oregon0000.0Utah208000.0Washington01,2038634.8Wyoming27563042720.5:Not calculated./Not reported.~Not applicable. After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Includes federal prisoners held in non-secure, privately operated facilities (8,644 at yearend 2008; numbers from other years can be found in earlier publications).Includes prisoners held in out-of-state private facilities.Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology Appendix Table 20. Number of state or federal prisoners in local facilities, December 31, 2000-2008Number of prisonersPercent of all prisonersYearTotalFederalState200063,1402,43860,7024.5%200170,6812,92167,7605.0200272,5503,37769,1735.0200373,4403,27870,1625.0200474,4451,19973,2465.0200573,1641,04472,1204.8200677,9122,01075,9025.0200780,6212,14478,4775.0200883,0932,73880,3555.2Average annual change, 2000-20073.6%-1.8%3.7%:Percent change, 2007-20083.127.72.4::Not calculated Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 Appendix Table 21. Number of state and federal prisoners in local jail facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2006-2008Number of prisoners held in local jailsPercent of all prisoners12/31/2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 U.S. total 63,140 Federal2,4382,1442,7381.4State60,70278,47780,3555.7 Northeast Connecticut~~~:Maine249904.1Massachusetts4571361851.6New Hampshire1452461.6New Jersey3,2251,4681,1224.3New York4521110.0Pennsylvania58000.0Rhode Island~~~:Vermont~~~: Midwest Illinois0000.0Indiana1,1872,0021,9306.8Iowa0000.0Kansas0000.0Michigan28643280.1Minnesota1495185505.8Missouri0000.0Nebraska0000.0North Dakota3848714.9Ohio0000.0South Dakota1655581.7Wisconsin4277159304.0 South Alabama3,4011,5961,7905.9Arkansas7281,0071,54110.5Delaware~~~:District of Columbia1,329~~:Florida01,1471,1441.1Georgia3,8884,9194,6908.9Kentucky3,8507,9127,36333.9Louisiana15,59917,07917,52445.7Maryland1181511410.6Mississippi3,7004,9524,85821.4North Carolina0000.0Oklahoma9701,8922,1488.3South Carolina4333773611.5Tennessee5,2047,0197,86028.9Texas6,47712,77412,8057.4Virginia2,9625,0976,05715.8West Virginia7961,1491,16319.2 Revised 4/1/2010 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 21. (cont.)Number of state and federal prisoners in local jail facilities, by jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2006-2008Number of prisoners held in local jailsPercent of all prisoners12/31/2008Region and jurisdiction12/31/200012/31/200712/31/2008 West 5,321 6,339 5,889 1.9 ~~~:Arizona23746California2,7583,0232,736Colorado2,178175Hawaii~~~:Idaho450575365Montana548522642Nevada175155199New Mexico01160.0Oregon723200.1Utah1,0501,2861,341Washington0362430Wyoming1756462.2~Not applicable. After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was trans-ferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons./Not reported.:Not calculated.Prisons and jails form one integrated system.Includes prisoners held in out-of-state private facilities.Includes estimates for Nevada for December 31, 2007. See Methodology. Revised 4/1/2010 December 2010 Appendix Table 22. Prisoners in custody of correctional authorities in the U.S. territories and commonwealths, yearend 2007 and 2008TotalSentenced to more than 1 yearJurisdiction20072008Percent change, 2007-200820072008Percent change, 2007-2008Incarceration rate, 2008 Total -7.5 -9.8 American Samoa236132-44.112248-60.774Guam5355788.1320304-5.0173Commonwealth of the Northern Marina Islands137124-9.578780.0141Commonwealth of Puerto Rico13,21512,130-8.210,5539,642-8.6244U.S. Virgin Islands55561210.3392274-30.1249The number of prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year per 100,000 persons in the resident population. July 1, 2008 population estimates were provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base.Includes estimates for 2008. Data not available for Guam at time of publication. See Methodology. Appendix Table 23. Prisoners under military jurisdiction, by branch of service, yearend 2007 and 2008TotalSentenced to more than 1 yearBranch of service20072008Percent change, 2007-200820072008Percent change, 2007-2008 Total -8.0 -7.7 To which prisoners belong Air Force2802810.4185178-3.8Army829701-15.4555477-14.1Marine Corps3964277.81641809.8Navy268231-13.8173163-5.8Coast Guard2111-47.6127-41.7Holding prisonersAir Force61610.0990.0Army912746-18.2721602-16.5Marine Corps3383513.8971036.2Navy4834932.126229111.1 Prisoners in 2008 Appendix Table 24. Reported state and federal prison capacities, December 31, 2008 Type of capacity measure Custody population as a percent of„Region and jurisdiction Rated Operational Design Highest capacity Lowest capacityFederal 135% 135% Northeast Connecticut ... ... ...Maine 1,885 109% 109%Massachusetts ... New Hampshire 2,145 2,904 New Jersey ... 23,022 New York 59,830 60,978 Pennsylvania 43,298 Rhode Island 4,004 4,004 Vermont 1,470 Midwest Illinois 34,300 133% 150%Indiana ... 27,084 Iowa ... Kansas Michigan ... 50,462 Minnesota ... 8,361 Missouri ... 31,296 Nebraska ... 3,969 North Dakota 1,044 Ohio South Dakota ... 3,451 Wisconsin ... South Alabama ... 25,686 98% 188%Arkansas 13,812 Delaware 5,250 Florida ... 102,625 Georgia ... 56,305 Kentucky 13,708 Louisiana 20,769 Maryland ... 23,638 Mississippi ... 24,019 North Carolina 40,014 Oklahoma 25,312 South Carolina ... 24,126 Tennessee 19,949 Texas 160,371 Virginia West Virginia 4,135 5,017 December 2010 Appendix Table 24. (cont.)Reported state and federal prison capacities, December 31, 2008 Type of capacity measure Custody population as a percent of„Region and jurisdiction Rated Operational Design Highest capacity Lowest capacity West Alaska ... 111% 116%Arizona California ... Colorado ... Hawaii ... Idaho Montana ... ... Nevada New Mexico ... Oregon ... Utah ... Washington Wyoming ...Data not available. Population counts are based on the number of inmates held in facilities operated by the jurisdiction. Excludes inmates held in local jails, in other states, or in private facilities.Connecticut no longer reports capacity because of a law passed in 1995.Excludes capacity of county facilities and inmates housed in them.Capacity definition differs from BJS definition, see NPS jurisdiction notes.Includes capacity of private and contract facilities and inmates housed in them. Revised 4/1/2010 U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice ProgramsBureau of Justice StatisticsWashington, DC 20531Official BusinessPenalty for Private Use $300PRESORTED STANDARDPOSTAGE & FEES PAIDDOJ/BJSPermit No. G-91 *NCJ~228417* This report in portable document format and in ASCII andits related statistical data and tables are available at the BJSWorld Wide Web Internet site: ttp://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetai&#xh170;l&iid=1763. The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistics agency of theU.S. Department of Justice. Michael D. Sinclair is actingdirector.BJS Bulletins present the first release of findings frompermanent data collection programs.William J. Sabol, Ph.D., and Heather C. West, Ph.D., Statisticians, and Matthew Cooper, BJS Intern, wrote thisBulletin. Todd Minton and Paige M. Harrison verified thereport.Joshua Giunta carried out the data collection and processingunder the supervision of Steve Simoncini, GovernmentsDivision, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce.Georgette Walsh and Jill Duncan edited the report, TinaDorsey produced the report, and Jayne Robinson preparedthe report for final printing under the supervision of Doris J.James.December 2009, NCJ 228417Office of Justice ProgramsInnovation € Partnerships € Safer Neighborhoodshttp://www.ojp.usdoj.gov Revised 4/1/2010