AND ITS PLACE IN THE IGNEOUS UMKONDO EVENTa challenge through 2001000 m of coverGeological Society of ZimbabweSummer Symposium 2017Peter Hildebrand Branko CornerJohn BlaineManica Minerals LtdXADE COM ID: 874523
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1 THE XADE COMPLEX AND ITS PLACE IN THE
THE XADE COMPLEX AND ITS PLACE IN THE IGNEOUS UMKONDO EVENT: a challenge through 200 - 1000+ m of cover Geological Society of Zimbabwe Summer Symposium 2017 Peter Hildebrand, Branko Co
2 rner, John Blaine Manica Minerals Lt
rner, John Blaine Manica Minerals Ltd XADE COMPLEX â REGIONAL TOTAL MAGNETIC INTENSITY IMAGE (1 km line data) South Africa Xade Complex Zimbabwe Botswana GH UK
3 TV W Kg S Ts X AR X -
TV W Kg S Ts X AR X - Xade D - Deweras S - Sinclair Kg - Kgwebe TV - Timbavati UK - Umkondo W - Waterberg AR - Annaâs Rust GH - Grunehog
4 na Ts - Tshane, Tsetseng D THE
na Ts - Tshane, Tsetseng D THE UMKONDO IN VENETIAN DIAMONDS â Korneef et al 2017 ï Discovered during the first airborne magnetic survey of Botswana in 1976 ï First drille
5 d during the Kalahari drilling project i
d during the Kalahari drilling project in 1977 - 8, two holes: ï CKP6 Gabbro ï CKP6A Dolerite grading into basalt ï Dated by Hanson at 1.1 Ga ï Anglo American (Ambot) exploration,
6 one hole: ï XH1 Amygdaloidal lava,
one hole: ï XH1 Amygdaloidal lava, dolerite on Waterberg sediments ï Manica Minerals 2005 â 2013, 4 holes: ï XD09 - 01 basalt with subordinate gabbro ï XD09 - 02 diorite and
7 gabbro ï XD09 - 03 gabbro passing t
gabbro ï XD09 - 03 gabbro passing through to basement ï XD12 - 02 amygdaloidal lavas ï Dating work confirming Hanson age ï Extensive petrography and geochemistry XADE COMPLEX:
8 DISCOVERY AND BACKGROUND XADE COMPLE
DISCOVERY AND BACKGROUND XADE COMPLEX : CRATON MARGIN SETTING AND SIZE Ni - Pt deposits (after Begg, Hronsky et al, 2010) Xade (Begg, Hronsky, et al. Econ. Geol., Sep 2010) Crato
9 n Deposit Superior Thompson
n Deposit Superior Thompson, Raglan, Sudbury, Eagle, Duluth Nain Voiseyâs Bay Yigarn West Musgrave Siberian Norilsk Other 1.1 Ga Ni deposits
10 West Central Giles Complex, Austra
West Central Giles Complex, Australia Babel Nebo Kalahari Craton (Corner, 2003) Well known relationship of Ni sulphide deposits to craton margins, e.g. Note â¢
11 Boreholes drilled ⢠2 lobes interpre
Boreholes drilled ⢠2 lobes interpreted ⢠Extension under Passarge Basin XADE COMPLEX TOTAL MAGNETIC INTENSITY (RTP) 200 m DGS line data Manica Minerals XD12 - 02
12 XADE COMPLEX FIRST VERTICAL DER
XADE COMPLEX FIRST VERTICAL DERIVATIVE (RTP) 200 m DGS line data XD12 - 02 Note enhancement of ⢠South lobe zoning ⢠Structure ⢠North lobe subcrop â¢
13 North lobe overlies South lobe? X
North lobe overlies South lobe? XADE COMPLEX BOUGUER GRAVITY RESIDUAL IMAGE DGS ground data Gravity station locations shown as black dots Manica Minerals XD12 - 02
14 Note ⢠Clear gravity signature
Note ⢠Clear gravity signature ⢠Extension under Passarge Basin XADE COMPLEX BOUGUER GRAVITY RESIDUAL IMAGE DGS ground data Note ⢠Clear gravity signatur
15 e ⢠Extension under Passarge Basin
e ⢠Extension under Passarge Basin XADE COMPLEX GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION XD12 - 02 XADE COMPLEX DEPTHS DERIVED FROM EULER DECONVOLUTION XD12 - 02 XADE COMPLEX SOUTH LO
16 BE â INTERPRETATION DETAIL Verti
BE â INTERPRETATION DETAIL Vertical exaggeration 3:1. Modelled limb dips = 25 - 30 ï§ SOUTH LOBE : LINE 1 FORWARD MODEL, magnetics and gravity XADE COMPLEX NORTH LOBE â I
17 NTERPRETATION DETAIL XD12 - 02 No ve
NTERPRETATION DETAIL XD12 - 02 No vertical exaggeration. Modelled and drilled dips = 45 ï§ NW NORTH LOBE : LINE 3 FORWARD MODEL (magnetics and gravity) XD09 - 03 XD09 - 02 CHALCO
18 PHILE GEOCHEMISTRY Encouragement
PHILE GEOCHEMISTRY Encouragement for Ni - Cu - GE potential ⢠Relatively high S contents in XD09 - 03 ⢠Marked changes in chalcophile geochemistry between holes and within
19 XD09 - 03 ⢠Much stronger crustal
XD09 - 03 ⢠Much stronger crustal contamination in XD09 - 02 XADE COMPLEX NORTH LOBE â RAKOPS FEEDER DYKE SYSTEM XD12 - 02 Regional TMI (RTP): 200m lines NS, TC 80m Gradiometer R
20 TP: 150m (~80m) lines EW, TC 20m RAKOP
TP: 150m (~80m) lines EW, TC 20m RAKOPS FEEDER DYKE AREA RAKOPS FEEDER DYKE SYSTEM : GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION AND DEPTHS Age Ga Secular variation of total Pt+Pd contained in different de
21 posit classes Total Pt+Pd tonnes (Na
posit classes Total Pt+Pd tonnes (Naldrett, Econ. Geol., May 2010) Xade (1109 Ma, Hanson et al 2004) VB ï§ Interesting variability to the more typical dolerite and basalt Umkon
22 do rocks. \ ï§ There are very![do rocks.
\
ï§
There are very](874523/do-rocks-there-are-very-few-layered-igne.jpg "do rocks.
\
ï§
There are very")
do rocks. \ ï§ There are very few layered igneous complexes of this size (up to 260 x 180 km). ï§ Very limited past exploration. Current drilling limited to 5 boreholes. ï
23 § Two Lobes identified â a Sou
§ Two Lobes identified â a South Lobe, comprising the known Xade magnetic anomaly, and a hitherto unrecognized North Lobe. ï§ The Xade North Lobe straddles the Zimbabwe
24 - Kaapvaal craton boundaries â an i
- Kaapvaal craton boundaries â an ideal setting for Ni potential. A feeder dyke zone has been identified. ï§ Large scale Ni - Cu - PGE resource potential in the North Lobe
25 ï§ Future exploration strategy wi
ï§ Future exploration strategy will include deep - penetrating EM surveys, including ground SQUID - based surveys to detect both massive and disseminated sulphides (MIP) CONCLUSIO