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Insect Study Merit Badge Insect Study Merit Badge

Insect Study Merit Badge - PowerPoint Presentation

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Insect Study Merit Badge - PPT Presentation

Requirement 1 a Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards associated with exposure to ants and bees and what you should do to anticipate help prevent mitigate and respond to these hazards ID: 920663

insect insects bees ants insects insect ants bees animals legs spiders requirement anaphylactic species centipedes system occur kingdom shock

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Slide1

Insect Study Merit Badge

Slide2

Requirement 1

(a) Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards associated with exposure to ants and bees and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these hazards. (b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock.

Slide3

(

a) Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards associated with exposure to ants and bees ……

Ants, bees, and wasps can inflict painful, burning stings. Be careful around all of them, but be especially wary of fire ants and Africanized bees. Red imported fire ants build large dirt mounds that may house hundreds of thousands of ants in a single mound. If their mound is disturbed, the ants swarm out to attack the intruder. The ant’s sting leaves an itchy, pus-filled bump that is easily infected. Some people have severe (sometimes fatal) reactions to fire ant venom.

Typical fire ant mound for Central Texas to Kansas

Slide4

Anyone stung by a bee should scrape the stinger out with a knife blade or credit card, being careful not to pinch or squeeze it. This reduces the amount of poison that enters the wound. For more information on first aid for insect stings and bites, see the First Aid merit badge pamphlet.

Some people are so sensitive to bee stings that they can die from anaphylactic shock (a severe allergic reaction) after only one sting unless they get immediate medical treatment.

Africanized bees, are commonly called

.

“Killer Bees” Their behavior can be highly aggressive and attack in large numbers if their hive is disturbed. Large number of their stings can be deadly.

Slide5

Causes

Your immune system produces antibodies that defend against foreign substances. This is good when a foreign substance is harmful, such as bacteria or viruses, or in this case - insect stings. Some people's immune systems overreact to substances that don't normally cause an allergic reaction.

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

Slide6

Complications

An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening — it can stop your breathing or your heartbeat.

PreventionThe best way to prevent anaphylaxis is to avoid substances that cause this severe reaction. (Don’t get stung)

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

Slide7

Wear a medical alert necklace or bracelet

 to indicate you have an allergy to specific drugs or other substances.

Keep a kit with prescribed medications available 

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

at all times. If you have an epinephrine autoinjector, check the expiration date and be sure to refill your prescription before it expires.

Slide8

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

Symptoms

Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Signs and symptoms include:

Skin reactions, including hives and itching

Low blood pressure (hypotension)Constriction of your airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathingA weak and rapid pulse

Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea

Dizziness or fainting

Slide9

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

Symptoms

Seek emergency medical help

 if you or someone else you're with has a severe allergic reaction. Don't wait to see if the symptoms go away.

If the person having the attack carries an epinephrine autoinjector

(EpiPen), administer it right away. Even if symptoms improve after the injection, you still need to go to an emergency room to make sure symptoms don't recur, even without more exposure to your allergen.

Slide10

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

Anaphylaxis requires an injection of epinephrine from an “

EpiPen”

and a trip to an emergency room. If you don't have epinephrine, you need to go to an emergency room immediately

If anaphylaxis isn't treated right away, it can be fatal.

Slide11

Use common sense

Be aware of your surroundings - Are there fire ant mounds about? Do you see wasp or bee nests?

*

Avoid or leave the area, don’t kick or poke the mound or nest. If you are walking and stop, look at your feet. Are you standing on or near a mound? If camping, don’t place food or tent near ant mound*

If you know you will be in an area with bee and wasps, don’t wear aftershave or perfume.*If you smell like a flower, the bees will visit you. If that happens DON’T SWAT at them, simply back away.*Use bug spray if possible - Spray your shoes and socks, pants legs and shirt sleeves, along the neck of your shirt

* Be careful of getting it on face or in eyes! *

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

From (a)

what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these hazards.

Slide12

Be prepared

(the motto of the BSA)

*Even if you're careful, at some point you'll likely be exposed to what you're allergic to. *Fortunately, you can respond quickly and effectively to an allergy emergency by knowing the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction and

having a plan to quickly treat those symptoms.

(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock

Slide13

That’s is all for Requirement #1

Let’s look at Requirement # 2

Slide14

Before we get involved with how insects are different, let look at the system that Entomologists and other scientists use to classify all living things

Requirement 2

Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders

.

Slide15

Carolus Linnaeus (mid-1700s) was a Swedish biologist who established a simple system for classifying and naming organisms.

He developed a Hierarchy (a ranking system) for classifying organisms that is the basis for Modern Taxonomy.

For this reason, he is considered to be “father” of modern taxonomy.

Modern System: Hierarchy

Seven Levels of Organization

Slide16

When I took earth science classes back in the 80s, a long-haired hippie college professor rambled on about kingdoms and classes and species, without telling us why or how all this came about.

It confused me! Hopefully, the next few slides will help you figure the labels out.

A way that I remember the order of the words:

K

ids P

refer

C

andy

O

ver

F

ancy Green S

aladKingdom Phylum Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Slide17

Modern System

A Nested Hierarchy

Seven Levels of Organization

Linnaeus used an organism’s morphology

(form and structure), to categorize it.

His system is still being used today.

This system allowed organisms to be grouped with similar organisms.

He first divided all organisms into two Kingdoms,

Plantae

(Plants) and

Animalia

(Animals).

Morphology:

the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.

Slide18

Modern System

A Nested Hierarchy

Seven Levels of Organization

Modern System:

Each

kingdom

(plant and animal) was divided into a phylum* (division for plants)

Each

phylum

into a smaller groups called class

Each

class

was divided into an order

Each

order

was divided into family (families)

Each

family

was divided into genus (plural-genera)

Each

genus

was divided into species (scientific name)

*Note: phyla and family were not in Linnaeus’s classification system but were added by modern scientists.

Slide19

A Hierarchy of

CLASSIFICATION

From the most basic

Kingdom

(Plant or Animal)to the most descriptiveSpecies (Bobcat or Lion)

Slide20

Slide21

Slide22

Kingdom

Phyla

Class Order

Family

Genus

Species

Let figure out what humans are:

Slide23

All animals are members of the Kingdom 

Animalia

Kingdom

AnimaliaPhyla Class

OrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Slide24

Kingdom

Animalia

Phyla

ChordataClassOrderFamily

GenusSpeciesMembers of the Phylum Chordata are animals that possess some form of nerve cord or spinal cord.

Slide25

Kingdom

Animalia

Phyla

ChordataClass MammaliaOrder

FamilyGenusSpecies

Mammalia

include humans and all other animals that are warm-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) with hair. They feed their young with milk and have a more well-developed brain than other types of animals.

Slide26

Kingdom

AnimaliaPhyla ChordataClass MammaliaOrder Primates

FamilyGenusSpeciesPrimates

 have larger brains that allow this order to think things through, to rationalize. In most other mammals, actions are instinctual. Opposable thumbs give primates the ability  to grasp and pick up objects.

Slide27

Kingdom

Animalia

Phyla

ChordataClass MammaliaOrder

PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus Species

Hominadaes are a family of

primates that today is commonly considered to include living and extinct humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.

Slide28

Kingdom

Animalia

Phyla

ChordataClass MammaliaOrder

PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies

Homo is the genus that encompasses the modern-day

Homo sapiens, plus several extinct species classified as either ancestral to or closely related to modern humans, most notably Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.

Slide29

Kingdom

Animalia

Phyla ChordataClass MammaliaOrder

PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies Homo Sapiens

Homo is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominid. Homo 

sapiens

 is the only surviving species of the genus Homo.

Slide30

Requirement 2

Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders

.

All insects belong to a larger animal group known as arthropods, which also includes spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, harvestmen (daddy longlegs), sow bugs, centipedes, and millipedes. All

arthropods share two characteristics that are different from other animal groups. Arthropods have jointed legs and a external skeleton (the exoskeleton) that encloses the entire body in a shell. Differences in body structure separate the insects from arthropods. * Insects have six jointed legs (three pairs)

* All other arthropods have four or more pairs of legs.

Slide31

Requirement 2

Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders

.

Insect bodies are divided into three distinct regions—HEAD, THORAX, and ABDOMEN

Most other arthropods have only two body regions—head and trunk.

Slide32

They are, by far, the most common animals on our planet.

More than 1.5 million species of insects have been named. This is three times the number of all other animals combined.

Requirement 2

Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders

.

Some say that the insects that have been given names are only a small fraction of the insects in nature. Many are yet to be discovered.

Slide33

Diversity

Insects are the most diverse and abundant of all arthropods

Number of known species estimated at 1.5 million, but estimated that there may be as many as 30 million species worldwide

Slide34

Adaptive Traits

Flight and small size makes insects widely distributed

Well-protected eggs withstand rigorous conditions Most structural modifications are in wings, legs, antennae, and mouthparts

Hard, protective exoskeleton well-adapted to life in desert regions - hold in water

Slide35

Spiders belong to the class of

Arachnida.

Centipedes belong to the class Chilopoda.

On the other hand, insects belong to the class of Insecta.

Insects have three pairs of legs or six legs.

Spiders have four pairs or eight legs.

While the word centipede literally means “100-footed,” most centipedes do not have 100 legs. A fully equipped adult centipede can have between 15 and 177 pairs of legs.

Slide36

Insects = 6 Legs

Requirement 2

Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders

.

Slide37

Requirement 2

Tell how insects are different

Spiders

8 Legs

from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders

.

Slide38

Centipedes =Lot of legs

(Centi-the prefix comes from the Latin centum, meaning "hundred“)

As mentioned before - A fully equipped adult centipede can have between 15 and 177 pairs of legs

Slide39

Spiders and insects also have a difference when it comes to their major

body parts. Spiders only have two main body parts while insects have

three main body parts.

Requirement 2

Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders.

Spiders

already have a combined head and thorax. This combined

thorax and head is called a cephalothorax, but they do still have an

abdomen.

Insects

have their head, the thorax, and the abdomen.

Slide40

That’s is all for Requirement #2

Let’s look at

Requirement # 3

Slide41

Requirement 3

Point out and name the main parts of an insect.

Slide42

Requirement 3

Point out and name the main parts of an insect.

Slide43

Slide44

Slide45

Slide46

Slide47

Slide48

Compound Eyes

Slide49

Compound Image

from a Camera

No one really know what a compound eye “sees”, but this is the most commonly thought of view. Each facet on the eye gives a small amount of information, the insect brain will process it to make sense

.

Slide50

Slide51

Slide52

Palps play a role similar to human lips and tongues. Their sensory hairs allow them to feel the texture of potential food items. Their chemoreceptors allow them to "taste" plants. This helps the grasshopper choose between plants that might by good to eat and ones that might be inedible or poisonous.

Slide53

Slide54

Slide55

The 

function of spiracles is linked to respiration, helping oxygen to reach internal respiratory organs, such as lungs in whales and tracheae in insects.

Slide56

Slide57