Requirement 1 a Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards associated with exposure to ants and bees and what you should do to anticipate help prevent mitigate and respond to these hazards ID: 920663
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Slide1
Insect Study Merit Badge
Slide2Requirement 1
(a) Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards associated with exposure to ants and bees and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these hazards. (b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock.
Slide3(
a) Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards associated with exposure to ants and bees ……
Ants, bees, and wasps can inflict painful, burning stings. Be careful around all of them, but be especially wary of fire ants and Africanized bees. Red imported fire ants build large dirt mounds that may house hundreds of thousands of ants in a single mound. If their mound is disturbed, the ants swarm out to attack the intruder. The ant’s sting leaves an itchy, pus-filled bump that is easily infected. Some people have severe (sometimes fatal) reactions to fire ant venom.
Typical fire ant mound for Central Texas to Kansas
Slide4Anyone stung by a bee should scrape the stinger out with a knife blade or credit card, being careful not to pinch or squeeze it. This reduces the amount of poison that enters the wound. For more information on first aid for insect stings and bites, see the First Aid merit badge pamphlet.
Some people are so sensitive to bee stings that they can die from anaphylactic shock (a severe allergic reaction) after only one sting unless they get immediate medical treatment.
Africanized bees, are commonly called
.
“Killer Bees” Their behavior can be highly aggressive and attack in large numbers if their hive is disturbed. Large number of their stings can be deadly.
Slide5Causes
Your immune system produces antibodies that defend against foreign substances. This is good when a foreign substance is harmful, such as bacteria or viruses, or in this case - insect stings. Some people's immune systems overreact to substances that don't normally cause an allergic reaction.
(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
Slide6Complications
An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening — it can stop your breathing or your heartbeat.
PreventionThe best way to prevent anaphylaxis is to avoid substances that cause this severe reaction. (Don’t get stung)
(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
Slide7Wear a medical alert necklace or bracelet
to indicate you have an allergy to specific drugs or other substances.
Keep a kit with prescribed medications available
(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
at all times. If you have an epinephrine autoinjector, check the expiration date and be sure to refill your prescription before it expires.
Slide8(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
Symptoms
Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Signs and symptoms include:
Skin reactions, including hives and itching
Low blood pressure (hypotension)Constriction of your airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathingA weak and rapid pulse
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
Dizziness or fainting
Slide9(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
Symptoms
Seek emergency medical help
if you or someone else you're with has a severe allergic reaction. Don't wait to see if the symptoms go away.
If the person having the attack carries an epinephrine autoinjector
(EpiPen), administer it right away. Even if symptoms improve after the injection, you still need to go to an emergency room to make sure symptoms don't recur, even without more exposure to your allergen.
Slide10(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
Anaphylaxis requires an injection of epinephrine from an “
EpiPen”
and a trip to an emergency room. If you don't have epinephrine, you need to go to an emergency room immediately
If anaphylaxis isn't treated right away, it can be fatal.
Slide11Use common sense
Be aware of your surroundings - Are there fire ant mounds about? Do you see wasp or bee nests?
*
Avoid or leave the area, don’t kick or poke the mound or nest. If you are walking and stop, look at your feet. Are you standing on or near a mound? If camping, don’t place food or tent near ant mound*
If you know you will be in an area with bee and wasps, don’t wear aftershave or perfume.*If you smell like a flower, the bees will visit you. If that happens DON’T SWAT at them, simply back away.*Use bug spray if possible - Spray your shoes and socks, pants legs and shirt sleeves, along the neck of your shirt
* Be careful of getting it on face or in eyes! *
(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
From (a)
what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these hazards.
Slide12Be prepared
(the motto of the BSA)
*Even if you're careful, at some point you'll likely be exposed to what you're allergic to. *Fortunately, you can respond quickly and effectively to an allergy emergency by knowing the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction and
having a plan to quickly treat those symptoms.
(b) Discuss the prevention of and treatment for health concerns that could occur while working with ants and bees, including insect bites and anaphylactic shock
Slide13That’s is all for Requirement #1
Let’s look at Requirement # 2
Slide14Before we get involved with how insects are different, let look at the system that Entomologists and other scientists use to classify all living things
Requirement 2
Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders
.
Slide15Carolus Linnaeus (mid-1700s) was a Swedish biologist who established a simple system for classifying and naming organisms.
He developed a Hierarchy (a ranking system) for classifying organisms that is the basis for Modern Taxonomy.
For this reason, he is considered to be “father” of modern taxonomy.
Modern System: Hierarchy
Seven Levels of Organization
Slide16When I took earth science classes back in the 80s, a long-haired hippie college professor rambled on about kingdoms and classes and species, without telling us why or how all this came about.
It confused me! Hopefully, the next few slides will help you figure the labels out.
A way that I remember the order of the words:
K
ids P
refer
C
andy
O
ver
F
ancy Green S
aladKingdom Phylum Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Slide17Modern System
A Nested Hierarchy
Seven Levels of Organization
Linnaeus used an organism’s morphology
(form and structure), to categorize it.
His system is still being used today.
This system allowed organisms to be grouped with similar organisms.
He first divided all organisms into two Kingdoms,
Plantae
(Plants) and
Animalia
(Animals).
Morphology:
the branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms, and with relationships between their structures.
Slide18Modern System
A Nested Hierarchy
Seven Levels of Organization
Modern System:
Each
kingdom
(plant and animal) was divided into a phylum* (division for plants)
Each
phylum
into a smaller groups called class
Each
class
was divided into an order
Each
order
was divided into family (families)
Each
family
was divided into genus (plural-genera)
Each
genus
was divided into species (scientific name)
*Note: phyla and family were not in Linnaeus’s classification system but were added by modern scientists.
Slide19A Hierarchy of
CLASSIFICATION
From the most basic
Kingdom
(Plant or Animal)to the most descriptiveSpecies (Bobcat or Lion)
Slide20Slide21Slide22Kingdom
Phyla
Class Order
Family
Genus
Species
Let figure out what humans are:
Slide23All animals are members of the Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom
AnimaliaPhyla Class
OrderFamilyGenusSpecies
Slide24Kingdom
Animalia
Phyla
ChordataClassOrderFamily
GenusSpeciesMembers of the Phylum Chordata are animals that possess some form of nerve cord or spinal cord.
Slide25Kingdom
Animalia
Phyla
ChordataClass MammaliaOrder
FamilyGenusSpecies
Mammalia
include humans and all other animals that are warm-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) with hair. They feed their young with milk and have a more well-developed brain than other types of animals.
Slide26Kingdom
AnimaliaPhyla ChordataClass MammaliaOrder Primates
FamilyGenusSpeciesPrimates
have larger brains that allow this order to think things through, to rationalize. In most other mammals, actions are instinctual. Opposable thumbs give primates the ability to grasp and pick up objects.
Slide27Kingdom
Animalia
Phyla
ChordataClass MammaliaOrder
PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus Species
Hominadaes are a family of
primates that today is commonly considered to include living and extinct humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.
Slide28Kingdom
Animalia
Phyla
ChordataClass MammaliaOrder
PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies
Homo is the genus that encompasses the modern-day
Homo sapiens, plus several extinct species classified as either ancestral to or closely related to modern humans, most notably Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.
Slide29Kingdom
Animalia
Phyla ChordataClass MammaliaOrder
PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies Homo Sapiens
Homo is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominid. Homo
sapiens
is the only surviving species of the genus Homo.
Slide30Requirement 2
Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders
.
All insects belong to a larger animal group known as arthropods, which also includes spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, harvestmen (daddy longlegs), sow bugs, centipedes, and millipedes. All
arthropods share two characteristics that are different from other animal groups. Arthropods have jointed legs and a external skeleton (the exoskeleton) that encloses the entire body in a shell. Differences in body structure separate the insects from arthropods. * Insects have six jointed legs (three pairs)
* All other arthropods have four or more pairs of legs.
Slide31Requirement 2
Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders
.
Insect bodies are divided into three distinct regions—HEAD, THORAX, and ABDOMEN
Most other arthropods have only two body regions—head and trunk.
Slide32They are, by far, the most common animals on our planet.
More than 1.5 million species of insects have been named. This is three times the number of all other animals combined.
Requirement 2
Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders
.
Some say that the insects that have been given names are only a small fraction of the insects in nature. Many are yet to be discovered.
Slide33Diversity
Insects are the most diverse and abundant of all arthropods
Number of known species estimated at 1.5 million, but estimated that there may be as many as 30 million species worldwide
Slide34Adaptive Traits
Flight and small size makes insects widely distributed
Well-protected eggs withstand rigorous conditions Most structural modifications are in wings, legs, antennae, and mouthparts
Hard, protective exoskeleton well-adapted to life in desert regions - hold in water
Slide35Spiders belong to the class of
Arachnida.
Centipedes belong to the class Chilopoda.
On the other hand, insects belong to the class of Insecta.
Insects have three pairs of legs or six legs.
Spiders have four pairs or eight legs.
While the word centipede literally means “100-footed,” most centipedes do not have 100 legs. A fully equipped adult centipede can have between 15 and 177 pairs of legs.
Slide36Insects = 6 Legs
Requirement 2
Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders
.
Slide37Requirement 2
Tell how insects are different
Spiders
8 Legs
from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders
.
Slide38Centipedes =Lot of legs
(Centi-the prefix comes from the Latin centum, meaning "hundred“)
As mentioned before - A fully equipped adult centipede can have between 15 and 177 pairs of legs
Slide39Spiders and insects also have a difference when it comes to their major
body parts. Spiders only have two main body parts while insects have
three main body parts.
Requirement 2
Tell how insects are different from all other animals. Show how insects are different from centipedes and spiders.
Spiders
already have a combined head and thorax. This combined
thorax and head is called a cephalothorax, but they do still have an
abdomen.
Insects
have their head, the thorax, and the abdomen.
Slide40That’s is all for Requirement #2
Let’s look at
Requirement # 3
Slide41Requirement 3
Point out and name the main parts of an insect.
Slide42Requirement 3
Point out and name the main parts of an insect.
Slide43Slide44Slide45Slide46Slide47Slide48Compound Eyes
Slide49Compound Image
from a Camera
No one really know what a compound eye “sees”, but this is the most commonly thought of view. Each facet on the eye gives a small amount of information, the insect brain will process it to make sense
.
Slide50Slide51Slide52Palps play a role similar to human lips and tongues. Their sensory hairs allow them to feel the texture of potential food items. Their chemoreceptors allow them to "taste" plants. This helps the grasshopper choose between plants that might by good to eat and ones that might be inedible or poisonous.
Slide53Slide54Slide55The
function of spiracles is linked to respiration, helping oxygen to reach internal respiratory organs, such as lungs in whales and tracheae in insects.
Slide56Slide57