Mike Ori Compare fat muscle body water renal clearance hepatic clearance and skin qualities across the lifecycle Age Fat Muscle Water Renal Hepatic Skin Premie Very low Low Very High ID: 1007085
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1. Pharmacology in the LifecycleMike Ori
2. Compare fat, muscle, body water, renal clearance, hepatic clearance, and skin qualities across the lifecycle
3. AgeFatMuscleWaterRenalHepaticSkinPremieVery lowLowVery HighVery lowVery lowThinnerHyperperfusedIncreased surface areaNeonateLowLowHighVery lowVery lowThinnerHyperperfusedIncreased surface areaInfantHighLowNormalNormalVery highChildLowNormalNormalHighHighAdolescentLowNormalNormalNormalHighAdultNormalNormalNormalNormalNormalNormalElder AdultHighLowLowLowLow\/ lipid, thinComparisons to adult
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7. Discuss the various methods of drug delivery across the lifecycle
8. AgeIMTransdermalRectalOral - pillsSoft/liquidIVPremieNoCautionVariableNoLiquidYesNeonateNoCautionVariableNoLiquidYesInfant?Caution?NoYesYesChild???> 6 yoYesYesAdolescentYesYesYesYesYesYesAdultYesYesYesYesYesYesElder AdultNoCautionYesSwallowing?YesYes
9. Explain why off-label use of pharmaceuticals is high in pediatrics
10. Safety and efficacy studies are typically carried out in healthy young adults therefore evidence based dosing regimens are not available for children. Case studies, expert opinion, and other less rigorous methodologies are commonly relied on.
11. Discuss in general terms the pediatric applicability of cockroft-gault, traub-johnson, and the schwartz equation
12. Cockroft-gault is for use in adults age 18 and older.Schwartz and traub-johnson are both suitable for use in pediatrics
13. Describe the status of the blood brain barrier in geriatric patients and relate this to the beers list
14. The BBB is not as tight in geriatric patients which results in increase CNS effects of drugs targeted to the CNS and to drugs with CNS side effect.
15. Describe the importance of the Beer list in geriatric patients
16. Because of diminished eyesight and cognition changes, many geriatric patients prefer choosing beers from a picture list.Alternatively, it’s a list of drugs, created by consensus of expert opinion, that should be avoided or used with caution in older adults.
17. Describe the hydration status of geriatric patients
18. They have lower total body water, impaired baroreceptors, impaired renal concentration capability all of which combined with social factors to limit hydration. As a result, many geriatric patients are hypovolemic, hyponatremic, and hyperkalemic.
19. What are the risk factors for elder abuse?
20. Cognitively impaired, dependent female living aloneVulnerable adult living with others, physically or financially dependentFamily history of domestic abuseCaregiver with mental illness or substance abuseCaregiver forced by circumstance to care for the elder
21. What are potential signs of elder abuse
22. Prolonged interval between trauma or illness and presentationSuspicious hx of unexplained injuriesIrregular follow-up, lack of adherenceElder not given opportunity to speak for themselvesVulnerable adult: Fearful or withdrawn behaviorCaregiver: indifferent or angry