1 Particle Physics with Neutrino Telescopes Uppsala 7 October 2019 T or d E k e löf Upp s a l a Un i v e rs i t y 20191007 PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof Uppsala University ID: 806299
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Slide1
Status of the
ESSnuSB neutrino beam and detector project
1
Particle Physics with Neutrino TelescopesUppsala 7 October 2019Tord EkelöfUppsala University
2019-10-07
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
Slide2The Sakharov conditions (necessary but not sufficient)
to explain the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU):1. At least one B-number violating process.2. C- and CP-violation
3. Interactions outside of thermal equilibriumGrand Unified Theories can fulfill the Sakharov conditions. However, in each m
3 of the Universe there are on average ca 109 photons, one proton and no antiproton. The CP violation measured in the quark sector is far too small (by a factor 109) to explain this 109 photon to baryon ratio. Now, neutrino CP-violation, so far not observed, may very well be large enough to permit an explanation of BAU through the leptogenesis mechanism which relates the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe to neutrino properties: decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos generate a lepton asymmetry which
is partly converted
to a baryon asymmetry via sphaleron processes.
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
2
.
Why is there only matter and
no antimatter in Universe?
2019-10-07
Slide33
Non-CP terms
CP violating
atmosphericsolarinterferenceThree neutrino mixing2019-10-07PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
Slide4Neutrino Oscillations with "large"
θ13
4
more sensitivity at 2nd oscillation max.for small θ13 1st oscillation maximum is betterfor "large" θ13
1st oscillation maximum is dominated by atmospheric term
CP interference
CP interferencesolarsolar
atmospheric
atmospheric
θ13=1º
θ13=8.8º
(arXiv:1110.4583)L/EL/E1st oscillation max.: A=0.3sinδ
CP2nd oscillation max.: A=0.75sin
δCP
(see arXiv:1310.5992 and arXiv:0710.0554)
P(
ν
μ
→
ν
e
)
2
nd
oscillation maximum
θ
13
=8.8º
("large"
θ
13
)
d
CP
=-90
d
CP
=0
d
CP
=+90
L/E
2019-10-07
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
Slide5ESS
ν
Super Beam
April 2019n
5 MW p
5 MW H
-
Accumulator
Target Station
Near Detector
To Far Detector
located at second
ν oscillation max.
2019-10-07
5
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
Slide6PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
2019-10-076
Required modifications of the ESS accelerator architecture for ESSnuSB
F. Gerigk and E. Montesinos CERN-ACC-NOTE-2016-0050 8 July 2016
“
No show stoppers
have been identified for a possible future addition of the capability of a 5 MW H- beam to the 5 MW H+ beam of the ESS
linac
built as presently foreseen. Its additional cost is roughly estimated at 250
MEuros
.” Cf total cost of the ESS 5 MW linac
of ca 1000 MEuros
to accelerate to 2.5 GeV
Slide76
General Layout of the 5 MW target station
The proton beam is split up om 4 targets, each receiving a 1.25 MW beam
Split Proton Beam
Neutrino Beam Direction
Collimators
Horns and Targets
Decay Volume
(He, 4x4x25 m
3
)
Beam Dump
8 m concrete
Granular
Ti
target with He gas
cooling for a 1.25 MW beam
Horn excided with
350 kA pulses, each
having a 1.3 flat top
Beam
switchyard
2019-09-26
7
J-PARC in
Tsukuba
Tord Ekelof, Uppsala
University
The
Accumulator Ring
which
compresses each 0.65 ms pulse of 2.5*1014 protons from the ESS linac to 1.3 µsTo inject such a high charge in the accumulator ring, H- injection with stripping is required
4
superperiods
FODO cells
injection
RF
extraction
collimation
Dispersion-free straight sections
2019-09-26
8
J-PARC in Tsukuba Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
Slide9The Linac modifications and
operation
H- source options
PPH-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-H-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
H
-
Into linac
Into ring
Out of ring
i
nto horn
14 Hz
14 Hz
14 Hz
~1.4 kHz
Horn 1
Horn 2
Horn 4
Horn 3
100 µs
0.65 ms
~1 µs
~0.75 ms
2019-09-26
9
J-PARC in
Tsukuba
Tord Ekelof, Uppsala
University
The
Megaton Wat
er Che
renkov neutrino detectorMEMPHYS like Cherenkov detector(MEgaton Mass PHYSics studied by LAGUNATwo
cylindrical tanks
Total
fiducial volume 500
kt
(~
20xSuper
K)Readout
: ~240k 8” PMTs30% opti
cal cove
rage
(
a
r
X
iv
:
hep
-e
x/0607026)
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
2019-10-07
10
Slide11Garpenberg
Mine 540 km from ESSTh
e MEMPH
YS type detector to be located 1000 m down in a mineGarpenberg mine depth 1200 mTruck
access tunn
el
A new ore-hoist
sha
ft has bee
n taken
into ope
ration,leaving an older shaft
free to
use fo
r tra
nsp
o
r
t
of
E
SS
nu
SB-
d
e
t
ec
t
o
r
c
a
v
e
r
n
e
x
c
a
v
a
t
io
n
-
d
e
br
is
G
r
an
i
t
e
d
r
i
l
l
c
o
r
e
s
11
2019-10-07
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
Slide12Zinkgruvan Mine 360 km from ESS
Zinggruvan mine depth 1500 m
Truck access
tunnelThe main ore transport-shaft hoist has a capacity of 6000 tons per 24 hours of which only 2/3 is used. To bring up the 2.5 Mton of cruched rock will take order 3 years.PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University 2019-10-0712
Slide13PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
2019-10-07
13
xs CC, wat.dat file (Enrique)nue
anue
numu
anumu
(
prob
*
xs
)(E)
dcp=0, NH
flux(E)
2.5 GeV
The effect of the sharply decreasing
ν
detection cross-section
Slide14Comparison of the two
mines Garpenberg Zinkgruvan
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
2019-10-0714
Slide15The interest of measuring
δCP preciselyPPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
2019-10-07
15Baryon Asymmetry of the UniverseTest of flavor modelsSee Silvia Pascoli’s talk at this workshop from which these two slides are taken
Slide16E
SSnuSB organization and ti
me plan
Partners: Oslo U, IHEP, BNL, SCK•CEN, SNS, PSI, RALMore i
nformatio
n
at: http://
essnusb.eu/
2019-09-26
16
J-PARC in
Tsukuba Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University EU grant 3 MEUR/4 yearsKick
-off
meeti
ng in J
a
nu
a
ry
2018.
E
SS
ν
SB
has about 60 members of which
10 are full-time EU-
financed
po
s
t
do
cs
.
Next
E
SS
nu
SB
a
nd
E
u
r
oNu
N
e
t
a
nnu
a
l
m
ee
t
i
n
g
to be
h
e
l
d
i
n Zagreb 21-24 October 2019 –
newcomers are most welcome to attend
Slide17E
SSnuSB organization and time pl
an
2012:Θ13measurementpublished - inception
of the
ESSnuSB project
2016
-
2019
:
b
eginnin g
of COS
TAc
tion
E
u
r
o
N
uN
et
2018
:
b
e
ginn
i
n g
of
E
SS
ν
SB
D
e
sign
S
tudy
(
EU
-
H
2020)
2021
:
E
nd
o
f
E
SS
ν
SB
D
e
sig
n
S
tud
y
, C
D
R
a
n
d
p
re
li
m
in
ary c
osting
20
24
:
End
P
re
p
ara
to
ry
P
h
a
s
e,
TDR
2-5
years
, I
nt
er
n
a
t
io
n
al
A
g
ree
m
e
n
t
7
years
C
onst
r
u
c
t
io
n
of th
e
fac
ilit
y
a
nd d
e
t
ec
to
r
s
,
in
c
lud
in
g c
o
mm
issioning
203
3-2036
:
Start
D
a
t
a
t
a
king
Nucl.
P
h
y
s.
B
88
5
(
2014
)
127
A
2
nd
g
e
n
e
r
a
tio
n
n
e
ut
r
ino Sup
e
r
Beam
17
2019-10-07
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
Slide1818
Muons
of average energy ~0.5 GeV at the level of the beam dump (per proton)
Future further option form aESS neutrino and muon facilityESS proton driver
p
decay
n
m
or
n
m
Decay
channel or ring
Front end
Cooling
Storage
ring
RCS
acceleration
Collider
ring
RLA
acceleration
Neutrons to ESS
Protons dump
Test Facility
Short
Baseline
Detector
Long
Baseline
Detector
Short
Baseline
Detector
Long
Baseline
Detector
m
+
or
m
-
n
m
+
n
e
n
e
+
n
m
Muon Collider
nuSTORM
Neutrino
Factory
ESS
nu
SB
Accumulator
μ
+
μ
-
→ ←
more than 4x10
20
μ/year from ESS
2.7x10
23
p.o.t
/year
2019-10-07
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University
See
Carlo
Rubbias
talk at the NeuTel2019 workshop
Slide19Workshop ‘Prospects for Intensity Frontier Physics with Compresses Pulses from the ESS
Linac’ to be held at the Ångström Laboratory at Uppsala University, Sweden 2-3 March 2020.
Monday 2 March 2020 14:00–14:05 Welcome & Introduction to the Workshop/ Tord Ekelof
14:05–14:45 The use of the ESS linac to create a Muon Collider/ Carlo Rubbia 14:45–15:15 The ESS neutrino Super Beam Design Study/ Marcos Dracos 15:15–15:30 Discussion15:30–16:00 Coffee break16:00–16:30 The prospects for nuSTORM at ESS/ Alan Bross16:30–17:00 The prospects for an ESS based Neutrino Factory/ Jaroslaw Pasternak17:00–17:30 The possibilities of Decay-at-Rest experiments at ESS/ Janet Conrad19:00–23:00 Conference dinner Tuesday 3 March 2020 09:00–09:30 Coherent scattering experiments possible at ESS/Kate Scholberg09:30–10:00 Short Pulses for neutron Physics at ESS/ Ken Andersen10 :00–10:30 The ESS Linac Modifications required for the Different Proposals/ Natalia Milas 10:30–11:00 Coffee break11:00–11:30 Design of the ESSnuSB accumulator/ Ye Zou 11:30–12:00 Accumulator Synergies and Differences for the Different Proposals/ Maja Olvegard 12:00–12:30 Discussion12:30–14:00 Lunch14:00–14:30 Target Synergies and Differences for the Different Proposals/ Eric Baussan
14:30–15:00 Space available at the ESS site for the new installations/ Karin Wennerholm
15:00–15:30 Discussion & ClosingPPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University 2019-10-07
19
Slide20Concluding remarks
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University 2019-10-07
20
ESSnuSB, the design of which is currently being studied, is complementary
to o
t
her existing and planned super
bea
m e
xperiment
s by t
he fact that it focusses at the
second maxi
mum
wher
e
t
he
sensi
t
ivi
t
y
t
o
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
ic er
r
o
rs
is
3
t
i
m
es
lo
w
er
t
h
a
n
a
t
t
he
f
irst
m
axi
m
u
m,
the correlation with other parameter of the
ν
mixing matrix is different
a
nd
t
h
a
t
t
he
neu
t
rino
ener
g
y
is
lo
w
en
o
u
g
h
f
o
r
the reson
ant and deep inelastic backgrounds to be s
trongly suppr
essed.If a
nd when
the current
experim
ental
hints
of CP
violation will
have been
conf
ir
m
ed on the level of 5
σ
,
t
he
ne
x
t
important
s
t
ep
w
ill
be
t
o
m
a
k
e
an accurate
measurement o
f the CP violating angle
δCP , w
hich will require the CP violation signal to maximized. Accurate measurement of δCP has the potential to provide
decisive information on flavour models and on the baryon asymmetry.The use of the ESS
linac for the producing a world-uniquely intense neutrino beam
can pave the way for making
use of the concurrent production of an
equally intense muon beam to
realize the Muon Collider or Neutrino Factory
project.
Slide21Thank you
PPNT in Uppsala Tord Ekelof, Uppsala University 2019-10-07
21