rna for protein synthesis By Rinku sureshkumar janiyani bSC semester six Microbiology May 2020 Translation Protein synthesis process Rinksjaniyani Translation is a process by which the genetic code contained within an ID: 1042692
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1. Translation of messenger rna for protein synthesisBy Rinku sureshkumar janiyanib.SC semester six MicrobiologyMay 2020
2. Translation Protein synthesis processRinksjaniyani
3. Translation is a process by which the genetic code contained within an m RNA molecule is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.translationis the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNATranslation can be discuss in four steps Activation Of t RNA 2. Initiation of translation 3.Elongation of translation4. Termination of translation
4. Components of translation The key components required for translation are mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. During translation mRNA nucleotide bases are read as three base codons, each of which codes for a particular amino acid
5. 1. Activation of t RNAIn this step amino acid bind to the t RNA This process catalyzed by aminoacyl t RNA synthetase enzymeThis process is also known as aminoacylation or t RNA charginge.g.
6. 2.Initiation of translation In initiation three factors are used known as initiation factors1 . Initiation factor I-2 . Initiation factor II3 . Initiation factor III•30s subunit of ribosome binds with m RNA StrandInitiation factor III prevents 30s subunit bind with 50s subunit so it first binds with m RNA Initiation factor II is a second initiation factor bind with t-RNA-f-met and GTP to attach to the P site50s and 30s subunits bind and make complex 70s by the use of initiation factor IThe first incoming amino acid is always formyl-methionine which encoded by AUG codonEvery AUG codon is not an initiation codon the AUG Codon preceding the purine rich sequence known as Shine Dalgrano sequence is considered as start codon e.g. AGAGGAGGAAGAAUG
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8. 3.Elongation of translation There are three attachment site on ribosome A-site: Aminoacid site or Acceptor siteP-site: peptidyl site or donor siteE-site: Existing siteFirst aminoacyl tRNA comes with formyl-methionine at P-site while all other aminoacyl tRNA comes at A-siteThe addition of each aminoacid in elongation include three stepsRecognition or aminoacyl tRNA binding Transpeptidation Translocation
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10. A)Recognition In recognition step amino acyl tRNA attach to the A-siteCodon must be complementary to anticodon present on tRNA Each Aminoacid require two protein factor called as elongation factorEF-Tu ▪ elongation factor thermo unstableEF-Ts ▪ elongation factor thermostableBoth elongation factors require GTP molecule
11. B)TranspeptidationAfter Recognition both ribosomal binding site A and P occupied by aminoacyl tRNA Now aminoacid which is bounded with P site is transfer to aminoacid present on A sitePeptide bond form between both aminoacids This transferring process is known as peptidyl transfer or transpeptidation The peptidyl transfer reaction is catalysed by enzyme- peptidyl transferase
12. C)Translocation It is Final phase of elongation The free t RNA molecule on P site is release and ribosome move three base(1codon) on mRNAAt a same time dipeptide containing tRNA Translocate from A to P site and expose the A site for coming next tRNA to recognize codon This moving process is known as translocation Translocation require elongation factor EF-G and one molecule of GTP
13. 4.Termination of translation At the stop codon of mRNA termination is occurStop codon may be UAA,UAG,UGAStop codon do not Recognise any t RNA and therefore termination occurThere are three releasing factors RF-IRF-IIRF-IIIThe action of RF-III to release mRNA strand from ribosome 70s ribosome then dissociated into 50s and 30s sub units Ine GTP molecule is used during termination process
14. Termination
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