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Bureau of Justice StatisticsDecember 2008, NCJ 224280U.S. Department o Bureau of Justice StatisticsDecember 2008, NCJ 224280U.S. Department o

Bureau of Justice StatisticsDecember 2008, NCJ 224280U.S. Department o - PDF document

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Bureau of Justice StatisticsDecember 2008, NCJ 224280U.S. Department o - PPT Presentation

Percent change 2000200120022003200420052006200700051015202530Annual percent 1st6 mo Table 1 Prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction December 31 2000 2006 and 2007Average chan ID: 361575

Percent change 200020012002200320042005200620070.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%Annual percent 1st6 mo. Table

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Bureau of Justice StatisticsDecember 2008, NCJ 224280U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice ProgramsBy Heather C. West and William J. Sabol, Ph.D.BJS StatisticiansThis reportpresents data from the National Prisoner Statistics program. It describes the change in the prison population during 2007 and the characteristics of the 1,598,316 prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction on December 31, 2007. Additionally, it provides the imprison-ment rates and age, race, gender distributions for the 1,532,817 prisoners sentenced to more than one year. It quantifies changes in prison admissions and releases, inmates held in custody, prison capacity, and components of the total incarcerated population. Growth in the prison population slowed during 2007At yearend 2007, federal and state correctional authorities had jurisdiction over 1,598,316 prisoners (1,483,896 males; 114,420 females) (table 1). Jurisdictionlegal authority over a prisoner, regardless of where the pris-oner is held. After increasing 2.8% during 2006, the growth of the prison population slowed to 1.8% during 2007. The 1.8% increase was slower than the average annual growth witnessed from 2000 to 2006 (2.0%). During 2007, the prison population increased more rapidly than the U.S. resident population. The imprisonment rate—the number of sentenced prisoners per 100,000 resi-dents—increased from 501 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. res-idents in 2006 to 506 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents in 2007. From 2000 through 2007, the imprisonment rate increased from 475 per 100,000 U.S. residents to 506 per 100,000 U.S. residents. During these seven years, the number of sentenced prisoners increased by 15% while the general population increased by 6.4%.As in previous years (with the exception of 2002) the major-ity of the 2007 growth in the prison population occurred during the first 6 months of the year (figure 1). From December 31, 2006 to June 30, 2007, the prison population increased by 1.5%, whereas from June 30, 2007 to Decem-ber 31, 2007, the prison population increased 0.2%.Annual and 6-month changes in the number of prisoners under state and federal jurisdictionFigure 1 Percent change 200020012002200320042005200620070.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%3.0%Annual percent 1st6 mo. Table 1. Prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007Average change 2000-06Number of prisonersPercent change 200020062007Total1,391,2611,570,6911,598,3162.0%1.8%Federal145,416193,046199,6184.83.4State1,245,8451,377,6451,398,6981.71.5Gender1,298,0271,457,4861,483,8961.9%1.8%93,234112,459114,4203.21.7more than 1,331,2781,504,6601,532,8172.1%1.9% Imprisonment rate4785015060.7%1.0%Includes prisoners under the legal authority of state or federal correctional officials.Imprisonment rates are based on U.S. Census Bureau population estimates per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates are as of January 1 in each year following the reference year. Detailed information is available in appendix tables in the online version of this report on the BJS website at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p07.pd倀f. Revised 2/12/09 Prisoners in 2007 During 2007, the prison population increased by 27,625 prisoners. The state prison population increased by 21,053—reaching 1,398,698 prison-ers. The federal prison population increased by 6,572—reaching 199,618 prisoners.The prison populations in 37 jurisdictions increased during 2007. The federal prison popu-lation experienced the largest absolute increase of 6,572 prisoners, followed by Florida (up 5,250 prisoners), Kentucky (up 2,457 prisoners) and Arizona (up 1,945 prisoners), resulting in 58.7% of the change in the overall prison population (table 2). Kentucky (12.3%), Mississippi (6.5%), Florida (5.6%), West Virginia (5.6%), and Arizona (5.4%) reported the largest percentage increases in their prison populations. In the 12 months ending December 31, 2007, the prison populations in the remaining 14 states decreased. Michigan’s (1,344) and California’s (1,230) prison populations experienced the great-est absolute decrease. Vermont (down 3.2%), Montana (down 2.8%), Michigan (down 2.6%), and New Mexico (down 2.6%) prison populations had the largest percent decreases. Table 2. Prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction by region and jurisdiction, December 31, 2007, and averages of the preceding 6 years jurisdictionNumber of prisonersAverage changePercent 2000200620072000-20062006-2007U.S. Total1,391,2611,570,6911,598,3162.0%1.8%Federal145,416193,046199,6184.83.4State1,245,8451,377,6451,398,6981.71.5Northeast174,826177,817179,1070.3%0.7%Connecticut18,35520,56620,9241.91.71,6792,1202,2224.0Massachusetts10,72211,03211,4360.53.7New Hampshire2,2572,8052,9433.74.9New Jersey29,78427,37126,827-1.4-2.0New York70,19963,31562,623-1.7-1.136,84744,39745,9693.23.5Rhode Island3,2863,9964,0183.30.6Vermont1,6972,2152,1454.5-3.2237,378261,413263,0391.6%0.6%45,28145,10645,215-0.120,12526,09127,1324.44.0Iowa7,9558,8388,7321.8-1.2Kansas8,3448,8168,6960.9-1.4Michigan47,71851,57750,2331.3-2.6Minnesota6,2389,1089,4686.54.0Missouri27,54330,16729,8571.5-1.0Nebraska3,8954,4074,5052.12.2North Dakota1,0761,3631,4164.03.9Ohio45,83349,16650,7311.23.2South Dakota2,6163,3593,3114.3-1.4Wisconsin20,75423,41523,7432.01.4561,214623,543639,5781.8%2.6%26,33228,24129,4121.24.111,91513,72914,3142.44.3Delaware6,9217,1867,2760.61.3District of Columbia7,456~~::Florida71,31992,96998,2194.55.6Georgia44,23252,79254,2563.02.814,91920,00022,4575.012.3Louisiana35,20737,01237,5400.81.4Maryland23,53822,94523,433-0.42.120,24121,06822,4310.76.5North Carolina31,26637,46037,9703.11.423,18126,24325,8492.1-1.5South Carolina21,77823,61624,2391.42.6Tennessee22,16625,74526,2672.52.0Texas166,719172,116171,7900.5-0.2Virginia30,16836,68838,0693.33.8West Virginia3,8565,7336,0566.85.6West272,427314,872316,9742.4%0.7%Alaska4,1735,0695,1673.31.926,51035,80137,7465.15.4California163,001175,512174,2821.2-0.7Colorado16,83322,48122,8414.91.6Hawaii5,0535,9675,9782.80.2Idaho5,5357,1247,3194.32.7Montana3,1053,5633,4622.3-2.8Nevada10,06312,90113,4004.2New Mexico5,3426,6396,4663.7-2.6Oregon10,58013,70713,9484.41.8Utah5,6376,4336,5092.21.2Washington14,91517,56117,7722.81.2Wyoming1,6802,1142,0843.9-1.4:Not calculated.~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison popu-Estimates only. Data for 2007 were notPopulation based on custody counts. Prisoners in 2007 Rate of growth in admissions and releases slowed during 2007During 2007, the number of sentenced prisoners (751,593) admitted to either state or federal prison was greater than the number who were released (725,402), a difference of 26,191 sentenced prison-ers (table 3). The 0.2% increase in admissions dur-ing 2007 was the slowest growth since yearend 2000. This growth was also slower than the average annual increase of 2.7% witnessed from 2000 through 2007. In addition, the 1.7% increase in releases during 2007 was the lowest increase since yearend 2002 (0.2%) and was lower than the aver-age annual increase of 2.6% from 2000 through 2007. In 2007, federal admissions totaled 53,618 prisoners and state admissions totaled 697,975 prisoners (table 4). New court commitments accounted for 64.5% of all admissions, 62.4% of state admissions, and 90.8% of federal admissions (appendix table 5). Parole violators accounted for 33.8% of all admis-sions, 35.7% of state admissions, and 9.2% of fed-eral admissions. 1 in every 198 U.S. residents was serving a sentence in state or federal prison in 2007Males accounted for most (93.1%) of the 1.5million sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction. Black males made up the largest percentage of the overall sen-tenced population (36.3%) and the sentenced male population (39.0%) (table 5). An estimated 471,400white males made up 30.8% of the overall sentenced population and 33.0% of the sentenced male population. Hispanic males made up about a fifth of both populations. The largest absolute num-ber and percentage of sentenced females were white (50,500 prisoners or 47.9%), followed by black females (29,300 prisoners or 27.8%) and Hispanic females (17,600 prisoners or 16.7%).Table 4. Number of sentenced admissions into state prisons, by type of admission, 2000-2007YearTotalNew court commitmentsParole violators350,431365,714392,661399,843411,300421,426441,606435,733Totals based on inmates with a sentence of more than a year. Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLs.Parole violators include prisoners with revoked parole, other conditional release violators, and intermediate sanctions imposed upon parolees in lieu of revoking parole. Table 3. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and released from state and federal jurisdiction, 2000-2007AdmissionsYearTotalFederalStateTotalFederalState625,21943,732581,487604,85835,259569,599638,97845,140593,838628,62638,370590,256661,08248,144612,938630,17642,339587,837686,43752,288634,149656,38444,199612,185699,81252,982646,830672,20246,624625,578733,00956,057676,952698,45947,981650,478749,79857,495692,303713,47347,920665,553751,59353,618697,975725,40248,411676,991Average annual 2000-20063.1%4.7%2.9%2.8%5.2%2.6%Percent change, 2006-20070.2-6.70.81.71.01.7Note: Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLs. Table 5. Sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007Number of prisonersAverage annual change, 2000-2006Percent change, 2006-2007Total1,331,3001,504,7001,532,8002.1%1.9%1,247,0001,401,4001,427,3002.0%1.8%478,800471,400-1.5535,100556,9004.1Hispanic or Latino291,000301,2003.5Female103,300105,5003.4%2.1%49,2002.628,6002.4Hispanic or Latino17,5000.6Note: Includes prisoners serving a sentence of a year or more under state or federal jurisdiction. Estimates updated and may differ from pre-viously published estimates.Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races. Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. Prisoners in 2007 Increases in the sentenced population resulted in higher imprisonment rates (the number of state or federal sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction per 100,000 U.S. residents). As of December 31, 2007, there were 506 sentenced prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents (1 in every 198U.S. residents) up from 501 per 100,000 at yearend 2006 (table 6). At yearend 2007, the federal imprisonment rate reached 59 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents. The state imprisonment rate reached 447 prison-ers per 100,000 U.S. residents. The 2007 sentenced male imprisonment rate (955 prison-ers per 100,000 U.S. residents) was almost 14 times that of the female imprisonment rate (69 per 100,000). Black male offenders had the highest imprisonment rate (3,138 prison-ers per 100,000 U.S. residents) of all racial groups, male or female. This was 6.5 times the imprisonment rate of white males and 2.5 times that of Hispanic males. Similarly, the black female imprisonment rate (150 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents) was almost double the imprisonment rates for Hispanic (79 prisoners per 100,000) and 3 times the rate for white females (50 per 100,000). Black imprisonment rates have decreased since 2000Between 2000 and 2007, the number of sentenced prison-ers under state or federal jurisdiction increased by an esti-mated 201,500 prisoners (table 7). The increase of about 69,500 white males resulted in 34.5% of the overall change. Almost a third of the growth (29.1%) resulted from the increase of about 58,600 Hispanic males, followed by an estimated increase of 24,500 sentenced black males (12.2% of the overall increase). White women accounted for 8.4% of the overall change, and Hispanic females for about 2.2%. The number of imprisoned black females declined by approximately 2,900 during this period.In 2000, Hispanic males comprised 18.2% of the sentenced male population. At yearend 2007, this percentage had increased to 19.7%. The percentage of white males also increased slightly from 30.2% to 30.8% while the percent-age of black males decreased from 40.0% to 36.3%.White females made up 2.5% of the total prison population in 2000 and 3.3% in 2007. During the same periods, the percentage of the prison population made up of black females decreased from 2.4% to 1.9%. The Hispanic female prison population was fairly stable, comprising 1.0% of all sentenced prisoners in 2000 and 1.1% in 2007. While the imprisonment rates for most groups increased during the past 7 years, the imprisonment rates for black males and black females decreased. At yearend 2000, the black male imprisonment rate was 3,188 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents. White men were imprisoned at a rate of 410 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents. By year-end 2007, the black male imprisonment rate had decreased to 3,138 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents, imprisonment rate increased to 481 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents. These changes resulted in a decrease in the ratio of imprisoned black men to imprisoned white men. In 2000 the ratio was 8 to 1 and in 2007 the ratio was 7 to 1. The ratio of the black female imprisonment rate to white female imprisonment rate also decreased. The imprison-ment rate for black females dropped from 175 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents at yearend 2000 to 150 prisoners per 100,000 at yearend 2007. The white female imprison-ment rate increased from 33 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents to 50 prisoners per 100,000. These changes resulted in a decreased in the ratio of imprisoned black females to imprisoned white females. The ratio at yearend 2007 was 3 to 1. In 2000 the ratio was 5 to 1.Table 6. Imprisonment rates for sentenced prisoners, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007Imprisonment rate per 100,000 U.S. residents Change 2000-2007200020062007Total 47850150628Male9159439554041048748171Black3,1883,0423,138-50Hispanic or Latino1,4191,2611,259-160Female5968691033485017Black175148150-25Hispanic or Latino7881791Note: Imprisonment rates are based on U.S. Census Bureau popula-tion estimates per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population esti-mates are as of January 1 in each year following the reference year.Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.anic or Latino origin. Table 7. Total change in number of sentenced prisoners, December 31, 2000 to 2007TotalPercent of total increaseTotal201,500Male180,30069,500Black24,500Hispanic or Latino58,600Female21,20016,900Black-2,900Hispanic or Latino4,500Note: Numbers are estimated and rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates updated and may differ from previously published estimates.Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin. Revised 2/12/09 Prisoners in 2007 Trends in imprisonment rates, 2000-2007 From 2000 to 2007, the imprisonment rate increased from 478 prisoners per 100,000 U.S. residents to 506 residents per 100,000. Imprisonment ratethe number of prisoners sentenced to more than one year, under state or federal jurisdiction, per 100,000 U.S. residents. State (37 states) and federal imprisonment rates increased between yearend 2000 and yearend 2007. States with the largest increases during these years were Kentucky (up by 139 prisoners per 100,000 residents), West Virginia (up by 123 prisoners per 100,000), Alaska (up by 106 prisoners per 100,000), and Indiana (up by 91 prisoners per 100,000) (figure 2). The sentenced jurisdiction populations of these four states also increased during these years. With the exception of Alaska, the general populations of these states increased only slightly.During the same time period, the imprisonment rates in 12 states decreased. New York experienced the largest decrease of 62 prisoners per 100,000 residents, followed by Texas, down 61 prisoners per 100,000 residents, and New Jersey, down 54 prisoners per 100,000 residents. The sentenced prison populations in New York and New Jersey declined during this period. In Texas the prison population increased from 2000 to 2007, while the state resident population increased at a faster rate, leading to the decline in the imprisonment rate. Kansas was the only state in which there was no change in the Change in imprisonment rates, 2000-2007Figure 2 New YorkNew JerseyDelawareMarylandIllinoisOklahomaUtahNevadaSouth CarolinaMassachusettsCaliforniaKansasMontanaMissouriConnecticutGeorgiaFederalNorth CarolinaNebraskaIowaMichiganWisconsinWashingtonTennesseeMaineNew MexicoOhioHawaiiNew HampshireRhode IslandArizonaVermontArkansasWyomingMississippiIdahoMinnesotaOregonPennsylvaniaSouth DakotaNorth DakotaColoradoLouisianaAlabamaVirginiaFloridaIndianaAlaskaWest VirginiaKentuckyU.S. total*-75-50-250255075100125150JurisdictionChange in imprisonment rate per 100,000 residents*Illinois, Nevada, and Maine did not provide data for 2007. The U.S.,Illinois, Nevada, and Maine imprisonment rates are estimated.See Methodology Prisoners in 2007 Number of inmates in custody reached nearly 2.3 millionAs of December 31, 2007, there were 2,293,157 inmates held in custody in state and federal prisons and in local jails. Custody comprises all inmates held in state or federal public prisons or local jails, regardless of sentence length or the state having jurisdiction. This 1.5% increase during 2007 was slightly smaller than the rate of growth in the jurisdiction and sentenced populations (table 8). Two-thirds of inmates in custody (1,512,576 inmates) were held in state or federal prisons. The remaining third (780,581 inmates) were being held in local jails. During 2007, the incarceration rate rose to 756 inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents—up from 751 per 100,000 in 2006. At yearend 2007, 1 in every 132 persons in the United States was held in custody.The total custody count does not include inmates held in U.S. territories, military facilities, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ry, and juvenile facilities.Incarceration rate refers to the number of inmates held in the custody of state or federal prisons or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents.States increased prison capacity during 2007State and federal correctional authorities provide three measures of their facilities’ capacity:Rated capacity is the number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating official to institutions within the jurisdiction.Operational capacity is the number of inmates that can be accommodated based on a facility’s staff, existing pro-grams, and services.Design capacity is the number of inmates that planners or architects intended for the facility.Highest capacity is the sum of the maximum number of beds and inmates reported by the states or federal system across the three capacity measures, and the lowest capac-ity is the minimum of these three measures. Estimates of prison populations as a percentage of capacity are based on the custody population. In general, a state’s capacity and custody counts exclude inmates held in private facili-ties. Some states include prisoners held in private facilities as part of the capacity of their prison systems. In these states, prison population as a percent of capacity includes private prisoners. Table 8. Inmates in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007Number of inmatesAverage annual change, 2000-2006Percent change, 2006-2007200020062007Total inmates in custody1,937,4822,258,9832,293,1572.6%1.5%Federal prisonersTotal140,064190,844197,2853.4133,921183,381189,1543.1Federal facilities124,540163,118165,9751.8Privately-operated facilities9,38120,26323,17914.4Community Corrections Centers6,1437,4638,1319.0State prisoners1,176,2691,302,1291,315,2911.7%1.0%Inmates held in local jails621,149766,010780,5813.6%1.9%Incarceration rate684Note: Counts include all inmates held in public and private adult correctional facilities and in local jails.Total includes all inmates held in state or federal public prison facilities or in local jails. It does not include inmates held in U.S. territories, military facilities, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities, jails in Indian Country, and juvenile facilities.After 2001, responsibility for sentenced felons from the District of Columbia was transferred to the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Non-secure, privately-operated community corrections centers.Counts for inmates held in local jails are for the last working day of June in each year. Counts were estimated from the Annual Survey of Jails in every year except 2005 when a CensusMethodology.The total number of inmates in custody per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates were as of January 1 of the following year for December 31 estimates. Prisoners in 2007 At yearend 2007, the federal system reported a capacity of 122,461 beds. The highest capacity reported by states was 1,280,037 and the lowest capacity was 1,091,934 (table 9). States operated at 96% of their highest capacity and 113% of their lowest reported capacity. Since yearend 2006, highest capacity has increased by 2.1% and lowest capacity by 1.6%. During 2007, 19 states and the federal system were operat-ing at more than 100% of highest capacity. An equal num-ber of states (19) operated in a range between 90% and 99% of capacity. The federal system was operating 36% above capacity. The total incarcerated population reached 2.4 million At yearend 2007, the total incarcerated population reached 2,413,112 inmates (table 10). The total incarcerated popu-lation comprises all inmates held in custody in state or fed-eral public prisons, local jails, U.S. territories, military facili-ties, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities, jails in Indian country, and juvenile majority (62.7%) of these inmates were held in state or fed-eral correctional faher 32.3% of these inmates were held in local jails. A very small percentage (5.0%) were divided among territorial, U.S. Immigration and Cus-toms Enforcement, military and juvenile facilities, and jails in Indian country.During 2007, the incarcerated populations decreased inmilitary facilities (7.7%), and territorial prisons (3.5%). The largest absolute decrease occurred in territorial pris-ons (527 inmates), followed by the decrease in military Capacity numbers for Illinois, Maine, and Nevada are based on capacity reported at yearend 2006.Table 9. State prison population as a percent of capacity, 1995, and 2000-2007YearHighest capacityLowest capacity1995114%20001152001116200211720031162004115200511420061142007113State capacity, 20071,280,0371,091,934Note: Capacity excludes prisoners held in local jails and in privately-operated facilities. Table 10. Total incarcerated population, December 31, 2000, 2006 and 2007Number of inmates2006-200720062007Total2,380,4652,413,1121.4%Federal and state prisons1,492,9731,512,5761.3Territorial prisons15,20514,678-3.5%Local jails766,010780,5811.9ICE facilities9,6159,7201.1Military facilities1,9441,794-7.7Jails in Indian country--2,163:Juvenile facilities92,845--:--Not available.:Not calculated.Total includes all inmates held in state or federal public prison facilities, local jails, U.S. territories, military facilities, U.S. Immigration and Cus-toms Enforcement facilities, jails in Indian country, and juvenile facilities.Counts for inmates held in local jails are for the last working day of June in each year. Counts were estimated from the Annual Survey of Jails in every year except 2005 when a CensusMethodology.The Survey of Jails in Indian Country was not conducted in 2006. The 2006 inmate population was estimated.Counts are from the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP), conducted by the Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Pre-vention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Data for 2007 are BJS estimates. See Methodology Prisoners in 2007 Other available informationThe following topics are detailed in appendix tables 1-19, following Methodology• Appendix table 1. Male prisoners under jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities• Appendix table 2. Female prisoners under jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities• Appendix table 3. Number of sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities• Appendix table 4. Number of sentenced prisoners admit-ted and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by region and jurisdiction• Appendix table 5. Number of sentenced prisoners admit-ted and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by type• Appendix table 6. Imprisonment rates of sentenced pris-oners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by region, and jurisdiction• Appendix table 7. Estimated number of persons under state or federal jurisdiction, by gender, race, Hispanic ori-gin, and age• Appendix table 8. Estimated number of persons held in state or federal jurisdiction per 100,000 U.S. residents, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age• Appendix table 9. Imprisonment rates of sentenced male and female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or fed-eral correctional authorities, by gender• Appendix table 10. Estimated number of sentenced pris-oners under state jurisdiction, by offense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin• Appendix table 11. Estimated percent of sentenced pris-oners under state jurisdiction, by offense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin• Appendix table 12. Number of sentenced prisoners in fed-eral prisons by most serious offense• Appendix table 13. Number of state and federal prisoners under jurisdiction hous• Appendix table 14. Number of state and federal prisoners under jurisdiction housed in local jails• Appendix table 15. Reported state and federal prison capacities• Appendix table 16. Prisoners in custody of correctional authorities in the U.S. territories and commonwealths• Appendix table 17. Prisoners under military jurisdiction, by branch of service• Appendix table 18. Number of detainees held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), by facility type• Appendix table 19. Number of detainees held in custody by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement authori-ties, by offense typeDetailed information is available in appendix tables in the online version of this report on the BJS website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/B&#xhttp;&#x://-;䀀JS/pub/pdf/p07.pdf. Revised 2/12/09 Prisoners in 2007 MethodologyNational Prisoner StatisticsBegun in 1926 under a mandate from Congress, the National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) program collects statis-tics on prisoners at midyear and yearend. The Census Bureau serves as the data collection agent for Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). BJS depends entirely on the volun-tary participation by states’ departments of corrections and the Federal Bureau of Prisons for NPS data.The NPS distinguishes between prisoners in custody and prisoners under jurisdiction. To have custody of a prisoner, a state or federal prison must hold that prisoner in one of its facilities. To have jurisdiction over a prisoner, a state or fed-eral prison must have legal authority over the prisoner. Some states are unable to provide counts that distinguish between custody and jurisdiction.The NPS jurisdiction counts include prisoners serving a sdiction’s facilities, including prisons, cilities, halfway houses, boot camps, farms, training/treatment centers, and hospitals. They include prisoners who are:• temporarily absent (less than 30 days), out to court, or on work release• housed in privately-operated facilities, local jails, or other state or federal facilities• serving concurrent sentences for more than one correc-tional authority.The NPS custody counts include all inmates held within a respondent’s facilities, including inmates housed for other correctional authorities. The custody counts exclude other facilities. With a few exceptions for several respondents, the NPS custody counts exclude inmates held in privately-operated facilities.Additionally NPS data include counts of inmates in com-bined jail-prison systems in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, and Vermont. NPS prisoner counts have excluded prisoners held by the District of Columbia. Since yearend 2001 the District of Columbia has operated only a jail system. Prisoners sentenced under the District of in federal facilities.Ratio estimates were used to generate the jurisdiction counts for gender and sentenced individuals in Illinois dur-ing 2007 using data provided in 2006. Yearend 2007 data were not received from Illinois Department of Corrections.Maine and Nevada were not able to provide data for December 31, 2007. Estimates were calculated using ratio estimates. All numbers were reviewed and approved by individuals at the respective departments of corrections. For more information about the NPS data collection instruments, see: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/correct.htm#npsMilitary Corrections StatisticsBJS obtains yearend counts of prisoners in the custody of U.S. military authorities from the Department of Defense Corrections Council. In 1994, the council, composed of rep-resentatives from each branch of military service, adopted a standardized report (DD Form 2720) with a common set of items and definitions. This report obtains data on per-sons held in U.S. military confinement facilities inside and outside of the continental United States, by branch of ser-vice, gender, race, Hispanic origin, conviction status, sen-tence length, and offense. It also provides data on the num-ber of facilities and their design and rated capacities.Other inmate countsIn 1995, BJS began collecting yearend counts of inmates from the departments of corrections in the U.S. Territories (American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and U.S. Commonwealths (Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico). These counts include all inmates for whom the territory or commonwealth had legal authority (jurisdic-tion) and all inmates in physical custody (held in prison or local jail facilities). The counts are collected by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and sentence length. In addition, BJS obtains reports on the design, rated, and operational capacities of these correctional facilities. BJS obtains yearend counts of persons detained by U.S.Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), for-merly the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, an agency within the Department of Homeland Security. ICE holds persons for immigration violations in federal, state, and locally operated prisons and jails, as well as in privately-operated facilities under exclusive contract and ICE-operated facilities. Data on the number of inmates held in the custody of local jails are from the BJS Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ). The ASJ provides data on inmates in custody at midyear. For more information about the ASJ, see MethodologyInmates at Midyear 2007. See ttp://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract&#xh600;/jim07.htm.Data on federal prisoners are obtained from BJS’ Federal Justice Statistics Program (FJSP). The FJSP obtains data from the Federal Bureau of Prisons. These data include individual-level records of prisoners in federal facilities as of September 30. Specifically the FJSP provides counts of sentenced federal inmates by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and offense.Estimates of juvenile inmates for 2007 are based on aver-age annual change from 2003 to 2006 as reported by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.Revised 2/12/09 Prisoners in 2007 Estimating age-specificEstimates are provided for the number of sentenced pris-oners under state or federal jurisdiction by gender. Further, within genders, prisoners are characterized by age group, race (non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black), and His-panic origin. The detailed race and Hispanic origin catego-ries exclude estimates of persons identifying two or more For 2000 and 2007, estimates were produced separately for prisoners under state and federal jurisdiction, and then combined to obtain a total estimated population. State estimates were prepared by combining information about the gender of prisoners from the NPS with information on self-reported race and Hispanic origin from the 2005 Sur-vey of Inmates of State Correctional Facilities.For the estimates of federal prisoners, the distributions of FJSP counts of sentenced federal prisoners by gender, age, race, and Hispanic origin on September 30, 2007, were applied to the NPS counts of sentenced federal pris-oners by gender at yearend 2007. Estimates of the U.S. resident population for January 1, 2008, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, were generated by applying the December 31, 2007 age distri-butions within gender, race, and Hispanic origin groups to the January 1, 2008 population estimates by gender. The population estimates were provided by the U.S. Census Age-specific rates of imprisonment for each demographic group were calculated by dividing the estimated number of sentenced prisoners within each age group by the esti-mated number of U.S. residents in each age group. That number was multiplied by 100,000, and then rounded to the nearest whole number. Gender totals include all prisoners and U.S. residents regardless of racial or Hispanic origin. Imprisonment rates for detailed race and Hispanic origin groups exclude persons identifying two or more races.NPS jurisdiction notesAlaska—Prisons and jails form one inte-grated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations housed in-state and out of state. Jurisdictional counts exclude inmates held in local jails that are operated by communities. —Population counts are based on custody data and inmates in contracted beds.California—Jurisdiction counts include fel-ons and unsentenced inmates who are temporarily absent, i.e., housed in local jails, hospitals, etc. —Counts include 211 inmates in the Youthful Offender System, which was established primarily for violent juvenile offenders. Capacity figures exclude seven privately run facilities under contract with the Department of Corrections.—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Federal—Custody counts include inmates housed in secure facilities where the BOP contracted directly with a private operator or subcontracted with a private provider at a local government facility. Custody includes inmates held in non-secure pri-centers, e.g., halfway houses, and on home confinement. Florida—Counts are not comparable to last year due to new methods of data col-lection by Florida correctional officials.Georgia—Counts are based on custody data.—Prisons and jails form one inte-grated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Illinois—Data for 2007 were not received. All data for December 31, 2007 are based on ratio estimates using NPS 1b data from 2005. Population counts are based on jurisdiction data. Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than a year include an undetermined number of inmates with a sentence of less than a year. These esti-mates will be updated upon receipt of data.Iowa—Population counts are based on custody data. Population counts for inmates with a sentence of more than a year include an undetermined number of inmates with a sentence of less than a year and unsentenced inmates. Iowa does not differentiate between these groups in its data system. Due to a change in report-ing in 2006, out of state inmates have been included in jurisdiction counts.Kansas—Admission and release data are based on the custody population. Due to a new, electronic reporting system, 2007 admission and release data are not com-parable to previous years’ counts. Louisiana—Counts are as of December 27, 2007. Counts include 15,789 males and 1,289 females housed in local jails as a result of a partnership with the Louisiana Sheriffs’ Association and local authorities. Custody and jurisdiction counts include evacuees from Hurricane Katrina and other pre-trial offenders from Orleans and Jefferson parish jails. Due to the effects of Hurricane Katrina, Orleans and Jefferson parish prison capacities are down. There-fore, local jail population is down from the 2004 counts. —Data for 2007 were not available at the time of publication. Estimates based on 2006 numbers were used for all tables. These estimates will be updated upon receipt of data.—The number of prisoners listed with their race as “unknown” has increased due to changes in the information system.Massachusetts—By law, offenders may be sentenced to terms of up to 2 years and 6 months in locally-operated jails and cor-rectional institutions. Such populations are included in counts and rates for local jails and correctional institutions. About 6,200 inmates with sentences of more than one year were held in local jails. Jurisdiction and custody counts include an undeter-mined number of inmates who were remanded to court, transferred to the cus-tody of another state, federal, or locally-operated system, and subsequently released. Prisoners in 2007 NPS jurisdiction notes (continued)Minnesota—Counts include inmates tem-porarily housed in local jails or private con-tract facilities, or on work release and community work crew programs. Mississippi—Operational and design capacities include private prison capaci-ties.Missouri—Design capacities are not available for older prisons. Operational capacity is defined as the number of avail-able beds including those temporarily offline. Missouri Department of Correc-tions does not have updated design capacity for prison extensions or improve-ments.Montana—Population counts include a small number of inmates with unknown sentence lengths. Capacity figures include two county oper-ated regional prisons (an estimated 300 beds), one private prison (500 beds), and a state operated boot camp (60 beds).In 2006, the Department of Corrections changed the method of accounting for community corrections offenders placed in residential treatment programs. To track growth patterns, a new standard process was applied to historic populations which resulted in some changes to previous years’ counts.Nevada—Due to a system conversion, data for 2007 were calculated with ratio estimates, and are based on 2006 num-bers. All estimates were reviewed by indi-viduals at the Nevada Department of Cor-rections.New Jersey—Counts of inmates with a sentence of more than a year include an undetermined number of inmates with sentences of just a year. The Department of Corrections has no jurisdiction over inmates with sentences of less than a year or over unsentenced inmates. Rated capacity figures are not maintained.North Carolina—Capacity figures refer to standard operating capacity, based on sin-gle occupancy per cell and 50 square feet per inmate in multiple occupancy units.Ohio—Counts of inmates of more than a year include an undeter-mined number of inmates with sentences Oklahoma—Population counts for inmates with sentences of less than a year consist mainly of offenders ordered by the court to the Delayed Sentencing Program for Young Adults pursuant to 22 O.S. 996 through 996.3. As of November 4, 1998, Oklahoma has one type of capacity, which includes state prisons, private prisons, and contract jails.Oregon—Counts include an undeter-mined number of inmates with sentences of a year or less. County authorities retain jurisdiction over the majority of these types of inmates.Pennsylvania—As of May 31, 2004, the Department of Corrections began using a new capacity reporting system based on design as well as other crucial factors such as facility infrastructure, support ser-vices, and programming.Rhode Island—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations.South Carolina—Population counts include 36 inmates who were unsen-tenced, under safekeeping, or ICC status. As of July 1, 2003, South Carolina Depart-ment of Corrections (SCDC) began releas-ing inmates due for release and housed in SCDC institutions on the 1st day of each month. Because January 1, 2008 was a holiday, inmates eligible for release on January 1 were released on December 31, 2007. Therefore, the inmate count was at its lowest point for the month on Decem-ber 31, 2007.Texas—Jurisdiction counts include inmates serving time in a pre-parole trans-y sanctions facility (ISF), substance abuse felony punishment facility (SAFPF), private facilities, halfway houses, temporary releases to counties, and paper-ready inmates in local jails.Vermontjails form one inte-grated system. All NPS data include jail and prison populations. Improved meth-ods were used to measure admissions and releases. Admission and release data for 2006 and 2007 are not comparable.Virginia—Jurisdiction counts are as of December 28, 2007. Rated capacity is the Department of Corrections’ count of beds, which takes into account the number of inmates that can be accommodated based on staff, programs, services and design.Washington—A recently revised law allows increasing numbers of certain inmates with sentences of less than a year to be housed in prison.Wisconsin—Operational capacity excludes contracted local jails, federal and other state and private facilities. U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice ProgramsBureau of Justice StatisticsWashington, DC 20531Official BusinessPenalty for Private Use $300PRESORTED STANDARDPOSTAGE & FEES PAIDDOJ/BJSPermit No. G-91 Prisoners in 2007This report in portable document format (includes 19 appendix tables) and in ASCII and its related statistical data are available at the BJS World Wide Web Internet site: p://www. ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p&#xhtt-;䀀07.htm.Office of Justice ProgramsInnovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoodshttp://www.ojp.usdoj.gov The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. Michael D. Sinclair is the acting director. BJS Bulletins present the first release of findings from permanent data collection programs.The Bulletin was written by Heather C. West and William J. Sabol, Ph.D. Todd Minton verified the report and provided statistical support.Steve Simoncini carried out the data collection and processing under the supervision of Charlene M. Sebold, Governments Division, Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. Duane H. Cavanaugh provided technical assistance. Catherine Bird edited the report. Tina Dorsey and Georgette Walsh produced the report. Jayne E. Robinson prepared the report for final printing under the supervision of Doris J. James. December 2008, NCJ 224280 Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 1. Male prisoners under jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007Region and jurisdictionNumber of male prisonersAverage annual changePercent change20072000-20062006-2007U.S. Total1,298,0271,457,4861,483,896Federal180,071186,280State1,162,8561,277,4151,297,616Northeast168,087169,40018,97219,428Maine2,070Massachusetts10,18610,646New Hampshire2,74125,94325,417-1.3-2.0New York60,45659,869-1.7-1.0Pennsylvania42,14843,5063,736Vermont1,987Midwest243,743245,20723,92424,8378,015Kansas8,07149,40748,153Minnesota8,86627,58827,335Nebraska4,106North Dakota1,269Ohio45,46546,9090.9South Dakota2,942Wisconsin21,99122,216575,711591,075Alabama26,19127,254Arkansas11,14312,68713,2486,699District of Columbia86,48091,365Georgia49,23550,71117,94220,01611.634,62335,082Maryland21,86422,249-0.319,27920,469North Carolina34,77435,34422,95023,242South Carolina22,01322,635Tennessee23,78724,344Texas158,317157,859Virginia33,79535,136West Virginia5,422West289,874291,934Alaska4,60332,65034,286California163,535162,65420,17920,5065,2326,519Montana3,16111,76512,2215,890Oregon12,68712,888Utah5,878Washington16,06516,258Wyoming1,838/Not reported. :Not calculated. ~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Totals estimated. Illinois did not provide data in 2006 and 2007. Maine and Nevada did not provide data in 2007.Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.Population based on custody counts. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 2. Female prisoners under jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007jurisdictionNumber of female prisonersAverage annual changePercent change2000-20062006-2007U.S. Total93,234112,459114,420Federal13,338State99,484101,082Northeast9,707-0.2%1,496-6.1Massachusetts-6.6New Hampshire1,410-2.4-1.3New York2,754-2.3-3.7Pennsylvania2,463Rhode IslandVermont11.917,832IllinoisIndiana2,295-9.1Kansas-2.0Michigan2,080-4.1MinnesotaMissouri2,522-2.2-3.4North Dakota-6.43,822South Dakota1,52748,503Alabama2,158Arkansas1,066Delaware-0.76,854Georgia3,545-0.3Kentucky2,44111.72,4581,184-2.01,962North Carolina2,626-2.2Oklahoma2,607South Carolina1,604Tennessee1,923-1.8Texas13,931Virginia2,933West Virginia11.2West25,040AlaskaArizona3,460California11,16111,97711,628-2.9Colorado2,335Montana-15.0Nevada1,179511-13.6Oregon1,060UtahWashington1,514Wyoming/Not reported. :Not calculated. ~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Totals estimated. Illinois did not provide data in 2006 and 2007. Maine and Nevada did not provide data in 2007. Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.Population based on custody counts. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 3. Number of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007Region and jurisdictionNumber of prisonersAverage annual changePercent change20062000-20062006-2007U.S. Total1,331,2781,504,6601,532,817Federal125,044173,533179,204State1,206,2341,331,1271,353,613Northeast166,632166,078167,66713,74614,3971,9972,093Massachusetts9,4729,699New Hampshire2,2572,7372,9307.127,37126,827New York62,97462,177Pennsylvania43,99845,4462,1492,481Vermont1,6341,617-1.0Midwest236,458260,347261,39145,10645,21519,81126,05527,114c,d8,8388,732-1.2Kansas8,8168,696-1.451,57750,233-2.6Minnesota9,1089,46830,14629,844-1.0Nebraska4,2044,329North Dakota1,3631,416Ohio49,16650,731South Dakota3,3503,306-1.3Wisconsin22,61822,307-1.4538,997597,828615,53527,52628,605Arkansas11,85113,71314,3104,1954,201District of Columbia92,87498,219Georgia52,78154,23219,51421,82311.836,37637,341Maryland22,31622,78019,21921,50211.9North Carolina32,21933,01623,88924,197South Carolina22,86123,314Tennessee25,74526,267Texas158,008162,193161,695-0.3Virginia36,68837,984West Virginia5,7196,0495.8West264,147306,874309,020Alaska3,1163,072-1.433,55735,490California160,412173,942172,856-0.622,48122,8414,3734,367-0.17,1247,319Montana3,5633,431-3.712,75313,2456,3616,225-2.1Oregon13,66713,918Utah6,3406,415Washington17,48317,757Wyoming2,1142,084-1.4Note: Sentenced prisoner is defined as a prisoner sentenced to more than 1 year./Not reported. ~Not applicable. As of December 31,2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Totals estimated. Illinois did not provide data in 2006 and 2007. Maine and Nevada did not provide data in 2007.Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.Includes some inmates sentenced to 1 year or less.Population based on custody counts. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 4. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by region and jurisdiction, 2000, 2006, 2007ReleasesRegion and 200020062007Average annual change, 2000-2006change, 2006-2007200020062007Average annual change, 2000-2006change, 2006-2007U.S. Total625,219749,798751,5933.1%0.2%604,858713,473725,4022.8%1.7%Federal43,73257,49553,6184.7-6.735,25947,92048,4115.2State581,487692,303697,9752.90.8569,599665,553676,9912.6Northeast67,76571,52373,7950.9%3.2%70,64667,97071,968-0.6%5.9%6,1856,9046,9821.85,9186,0196,0560.3Maine751609640-3.4677501524-4.9Massachusetts2,0622,6863,6534.536.02,8892,2543,273-4.145.2New Hampshire1,0511,3121,2903.8-1.71,0441,1871,1792.2-0.713,65313,98013,7910.4-1.415,36213,98614,358-1.6New York27,60125,71026,291-1.22.328,82825,07927,009-2.3Pennsylvania11,77717,10617,6666.411,75915,64816,3404.9Rhode Island3,7018761,120:3,223967884:Vermont9842,3402,362:9462,3292,345:Midwest117,776155,549153,9064.7%-1.1%114,382150,438153,6164.7%2.1%Illinois29,344//::28,876//:Indiana11,87617,67117,6536.8-0.111,05316,41017,0996.84,6566,5655,7065.9-13.14,3795,8345,7184.9-2.0Kansas5,0025,0634,8490.2-4.25,2315,3184,9660.3-6.6Michigan12,16914,64313,3303.1-9.010,87412,64114,6852.516.2Minnesota4,4067,2537,8568.74,2447,5917,97110.2Missouri14,45418,42918,3004.1-0.713,34620,09219,3237.1-3.81,6881,9392,0762.31,5032,0411,9525.2-4.4North Dakota6051,1011,02810.5-6.65981,0399779.6-6.023,78031,86630,8085.0-3.324,79328,55229,2362.4South Dakota1,4002,4293,2279.632.91,3273,1373,25915.48,3968,7038,5920.6-1.38,1588,7498,9031.2217,950255,495258,2232.7%1.1%210,777247,588246,3432.7%-0.5%Alabama6,29610,03910,7088.17,13611,28311,0797.9-1.8Arkansas6,9415,9926,651-2.411.06,3085,6686,045-1.8Delaware2,7091,5461,899-8.922.82,2601,4701,905-6.929.6Florida35,68336,29533,5520.3-7.633,99435,45428,7050.7-19.0Georgia17,37322,34721,1344.3-5.414,79717,46819,1192.8Kentucky8,11614,05115,3599.67,73313,38113,8199.615,73515,06714,548-0.7-3.414,53614,61814,9840.110,32710,29510,716-0.14.110,00410,17610,1230.3-0.55,7969,9189,7499.4-1.74,94010,1238,45512.7-16.5North Carolina9,84810,59410,8341.29,6879,97610,0740.5Oklahoma7,4268,5088,7952.36,6287,8678,4862.9South Carolina8,4609,5979,9122.18,6769,2089,4611.0Tennessee13,67513,65514,5350.06.413,89315,29815,5371.6Texas58,19771,92772,5253.60.859,77670,41373,0232.8Virginia9,79112,83413,9734.69,14812,79412,5595.7-1.8West Virginia1,5772,8303,33310.217.81,2612,3912,96911.324.2West177,996209,736212,0512.8%1.1%173,794199,557205,0642.3%2.8%Alaska2,4273,0653,2724.02,5992,7193,2860.820.9Arizona9,56013,95414,0466.59,10012,20912,5605.0California129,640138,523139,6081.10.8129,621133,905135,9200.5Colorado7,03610,46810,9596.85,8819,44110,6048.212.31,5941,4551,514-1.51,3791,5001,5181.43,3864,1294,0553.4-1.82,6973,8083,8505.9Montana1,2022,3042,05511.5-10.81,0312,2622,17614.0-3.84,9296,1086,3753.64,3744,7004,9041.23,1614,3374,1465.4-4.43,3834,2744,5074.0Oregon4,0595,4845,3315.1-2.83,3715,1385,0807.3-1.1Utah3,2703,5323,4661.3-1.92,8973,4693,3933.0-2.2Washington7,09415,54016,47814.06,76415,36316,48814.7Wyoming6388377464.6-10.96977697781.7Note: Totals exclude transfers, escapees, and AWOLs. :Not calculated. /Not reported.2007 counts were estimated. See A change in the reporting in 2004 excluded unsentenced prisoners and those sentenced to less than 1 year. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 5. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and released from state or federal jurisdiction, by type, December 31, 2007Region and jurisdictionReleasesTotalNew court commitmentsParole violatorsTotal Conditional releasesUnconditional releasesU.S. Total751,593253,847725,402508,927Federal53,61848,4111,545State697,975248,923676,991507,382Northeast73,79571,96851,9836,9826,0563,048640524Massachusetts3,6533,273New Hampshire1,2901,17921113,79114,3589,269New York26,29127,00923,732Pennsylvania17,66616,34011,195Rhode Island1,120884Vermont2,3622,3452,064Midwest153,906153,616121,63217,65317,09915,7785,7065,7183,6084,8494,9663,45313,33014,68512,429Minnesota7,8567,9716,63218,30019,32317,159Nebraska2,0761,952North Dakota1,028977Ohio30,80829,23615,272South Dakota3,2273,2592,873Wisconsin8,5928,9038,357258,223246,343145,534Alabama10,70811,0796,9206,6516,0455,7071,8991,9051,595Florida33,55228,7057,870Georgia21,13419,1193,45115,35913,8198,92814,54814,98413,78810,71610,1239,3089,7498,4555,105North Carolina10,83410,0742,9688,7958,4865,684South Carolina9,9129,4615,044Tennessee14,53515,53710,466Texas72,52573,02355,557Virginia13,97312,5591,552West Virginia3,3332,9691,591West212,05192,911115,191205,064188,233Alaska3,2723,2861,76814,04611,91212,5609,637California139,608135,920133,77610,95910,6049,0701,5141,5184,0553,8503,309Montana2,0552,1761,9456,3754,9043,1704,1464,5072,791Oregon5,3315,0804,835Utah3,4663,3932,525Washington16,47816,48814,272Wyoming746778Note: Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLs. Total admissions include new court commitments, returned parole violators, returns from appeals and other admissions. Total releases include conditional releases, unconditional releases, individuals out on appeal or bond, deaths, and other unspecified releases. /Not reported. 2007 numbers are estimated. See MethodologyA change in reporting in 2004 excluded unsentenced prisoners and those sentenced to less than 1 year.New reporting systems prevent the disaggregation of admission type. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 6. Imprisonment rates of sentenced prisoners, yearend 2000-2007Region and jurisdictionImprisonment rate, December 31Change, 2000-2007200020062007NumberU.S. Total501506Federal45585914State445447Northeast320303306-13392410151159Massachusetts252243246-6New Hampshire207222New Jersey313308New York326322Pennsylvania353365Rhode Island202235Vermont262260Midwest391393411426296291318312511499Minnesota17618151450611Nebraska237243North Dakota214221428442South Dakota426413Wisconsin37639339721547556Alabama595615485502Delaware513488482-31District of Columbia509535558563462512846865396404658734North Carolina360361664665South Carolina525524Tennessee423424Texas730683669-61Virginia477490West Virginia211314333West437438Alaska462447Arizona509554California471-3469465338338480483Montana374356503509New Mexico323313367369Utah246239Washington271273Wyoming408394: Not calculated. Data not provided for 2007. Estimates used to get the U.S. imprisonment rate. See Methodology.~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from D.C. were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.The number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year per 100,000 U.S. residents. Based on Census estimates for January 1, 2008.Totals estimated. See Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.The imprisonment rate includes an estimated 6,200 inmates sentenced to more than a year, but held in local jails or houses of corrections. Population based on custody counts. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 7. Estimated number of sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, December 31, 2007MaleFemaleTotalWhiteBlackHispanicTotalBlackHispanicTotal1,427,300471,400556,900301,200105,50050,50029,30017,60018-1923,7006,40010,2005,0001,00040030020020-24207,90058,80084,20049,60011,6005,4003,0002,30025-29246,00065,300102,10061,50016,0007,3004,4003,20030-34237,20069,80096,20055,30018,4008,9005,0003,20035-39225,00074,20089,20046,60020,9009,9006,0003,30040-44201,70074,80076,70036,10018,1008,7005,2002,70045-49135,20052,40050,50022,80010,7005,2003,1001,50050-5475,00031,00026,60012,5005,0002,4001,40070055-5938,60018,60011,7006,2002,1001,20050030060-6418,90010,5004,6002,90090060020010065 and older15,5009,0003,6002,200600400100100Note: State sentenced prisoner counts are based on estimates by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age from the 2005 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities and updated form jurisdiction counts by gender at yearend 2007. Federal sentenced prisoner counts are based on data from the BJS Federal Justice Statistics Program from September 30, 2007 and updated from jurisdiction counts at yearendSentenced prisoners are limited to those sentenced to more than 1 year.Total includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.Excludes Hispanics and persons identifying two or more races. Appendix table 8. Estimated number of sentenced prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction per 100,000 U.S. residents, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, December 31, 2007FemaleTotalWhiteBlackHispanicTotalWhiteBlackHispanicTotal4813,13869501502381,5612416471,9158875,580114862031342,2561,0257,2561541173031722,3851,2148,1661911573861752,1131,1247,2151991514341911,8591,0446,1062,1111661213641761,1966584,01393652141134042,42246311082741,33722174718812102665 and older956825Note: Based on estimates of the U.S. resident population on January 1, 2008, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age. Detailecategories exclude persons identifying two or more races.Sentenced prisoners are limited to those serving sentences of more than 1 year.Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.Excludes Hispanics and persons identifying two or more races. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 9. Imprisonment rates of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, by gender, December 31, 2007Region and jurisdictionImprisonment rate, December 31, 2007TotalMaleFemaleU.S. Total955Federal112State844Northeast599794Maine30321Massachusetts301New Hampshire420597New York63527Pennsylvania710463Vermont495Midwest743791542Kansas584971Minnesota341948Nebraska449North Dakota394Ohio83865South Dakota736Wisconsin7481,050Alabama1,180Arkansas9499451,013Georgia1,0699341,664111Maryland7931,385North Carolina6961,211South Carolina1,009Tennessee804Texas1,244Virginia92174West Virginia610West807Alaska7851,009California88062829594854Montana649911580Oregon68656Utah428Washington500Wyoming68695: Not calculated. The number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year per 100,000 U.S. residents. Based on Census estimates for January 1, 2008.Totals estimated. Illinois did not provide data. Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.The imprisonment rate includes an estimated 6,200 inmates sentenced to more than 1 year, but held in local jails or houses of corrections. Population based on custody counts. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 10. Estimated number of sentenced prisoners under state jurisdiction, by offense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, yearend 2005MaleFemaleWhiteBlackHispanicTotal1,296,7001,208,50088,200470,700504,700240,100Violent offenses687,700656,40031,200235,800275,700131,500Murder166,700156,8009,80049,30072,10032,200Manslaughter16,70015,1001,7006,9006,5002,300Rape60,80060,30050030,00020,9006,800Other sexual assault103,800102,3001,50058,00021,20021,500Robbery177,900170,3007,60038,70095,20030,700Assault129,200121,4007,70040,50048,10032,000Other violent32,50030,2002,40012,40011,7006,000Property offenses248,900223,70025,200114,70081,30038,800Burglary124,400118,8005,60054,50042,90020,500Larceny45,20038,2007,10020,50016,2005,700Motor vehicle theft22,40021,1001,3009,1005,5006,700Fraud32,10022,8009,20017,9009,6002,400Other property24,80022,8002,10012,8007,2003,500Drug offenses253,300228,00025,30072,300113,50051,100Public-order offenses98,70093,4005,30044,20031,60017,500Other/unspecified8,1007,1001,1003,7002,6001,300Note: Data are for inmates sentenced to more than 1 year under the jurisdiction of state correctional authorities. The estimates for gender were based on jurisdiction counts at yearend (NPS 1B). The estimates by race and Hispanic origin were based on data from2005 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities and updated by yearend jurisdiction counts; estimates within offense caries were based on offense distributions from the National Corrections Reporting Program, 2005, updated by yearend jurisdictioncounts. All estimates were rounded to the nearest 100. Detail may not add to total due to rounding.Excludes Hispanics and persons identifying two or more races.Includes negligent manslaughter.Includes weapons, drunk driving, court offenses, commercialized vice, morals and decency offenses, liquor law violations, and other public-order offenses.Includes juvenile offenses and other unspecified offense categories. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 11. Estimated percent of sentenced prisoners under state jurisdiction, by offense, gender, race, and Hispanic origin, yearend 2005All inmatesMaleFemaleWhiteBlackHispanicTotal100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%Violent offenses53.0%54.3%35.4%50.1%54.6%54.7%Murder12.913.011.210.514.313.4Manslaughter1.31.21.91.51.31.0Rape4.75.00.66.44.12.8Other sexual assault8.08.51.712.34.29.0Robbery13.714.18.68.218.912.810.010.08.88.69.513.3Other violent2.52.52.72.62.32.5Property offenses19.2%18.5%28.6%24.4%16.1%16.2%Burglary9.69.86.311.68.58.6Larceny3.53.28.04.33.22.4Motor vehicle theft1.71.71.51.91.12.8Fraud2.51.910.43.81.91.0Other property1.91.92.32.71.41.5Drug offenses19.5%18.9%28.7%15.4%22.5%21.3%Public-order offenses7.6%7.7%6.1%9.4%6.3%7.3%Other/unspecified0.6%0.6%1.2%0.8%0.5%0.5%Note: Data are for inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year under the jurisdiction of state correctional authorities. Detail may not add to total due to rounding.Excludes Hispanics and persons identifying two or more races.Includes negligent manslaughter.Includes weapons, drunk driving, court offenses, commercialized vice, morals and decency offenses, liquor law violations, and other public-order offenses.Includes juvenile offenses and other unspecified offense categories. Appendix table 12. Number of sentenced prisoners in federal prison, by most serious offense, 2000, 2006, and 2007Offense200020062007Average annual change,2000-2006Percent change, 2006-2007Total131,739176,268179,2045.0%Violent offenses13,74016,50715,6473.1%-5.2%1,3632,9232,91513.6-0.3Robbery9,7129,6458,966-0.1-7.0Other violent2,6653,9393,7676.7-4.4Property offenses10,13510,01510,345-0.2%Burglary4625195042.0-2.9Fraud7,5066,4377,834-2.5Other property2,1673,0592,0065.9-34.4Drug offenses74,27693,75195,4464.0%Public-order offenses32,32554,33656,2739.0%Immigration13,67619,49619,5286.1Weapons10,82224,29825,43514.4Other7,82710,54211,3115.1Other/unspecified1,2631,6591,4924.7%-10.0%Note: All data are from the BJS Federal Justice Statistics Program. Data are for September 30 and based on all sentenced inmates, regardless of sentence length.Includes murder and negligent and nonnegligent manslaughter.Includes offenses not classified. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 13. Number of state and federal prisoners under jurisdiction housed in private facilities, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007Region and jurisdictionNumber of prisonersPercent of prisoners200020062007U.S. Total87,369113,697125,975Federal15,52427,72631,310State71,84585,97194,665Northeast2,5094,1074,246Connecticut1119200.9Massachusetts0.0New HampshireNew Jersey2,4982,6022,686New York9621,022Rhode IslandVermontMidwest7,8364,3645,0489911,2901,6830.0Minnesota9791,183NebraskaNorth Dakota1,9182,0802,138South Dakota230.145,56053,20556,117AlabamaDelawareDistrict of Columbia3,9126,3508,7693,7465,0754,9741,2682,5072,4043,0683,0663,0043,2304,8604,794North Carolina6,9315,7085,917South CarolinaTennessee3,5105,1265,121Texas13,98518,62718,87111.0Virginia1,5711,5491,535West VirginiaWest15,94024,29529,254Alaska1,3831,6811,524Arizona1,4305,2137,790California4,5472,8445,087Colorado...4,8554,878Hawaii1,1871,9152,1291,1621,9251,969Montana9861,1951,324New Mexico2,1552,9302,720UtahWashington9541,203/Not reported. ~Not applicable. As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.Includes federal inmates held in non-secure, privately-operated facilities (6,143 in 2000, 7,463 in 2006, and 8,131 in 2007). Includes inmates held in out-of-state private facilities.Increase in number is a result of the transfer of prisoners in the state system. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 14. Number of state and federal prisoners under jurisdiction housed in local jails, December 31, 2000, 2006, and 2007jurisdictionNumber of prisonersPercent of prisoners2000200620072007U.S. Total62,88477,91280,3715.0%Federal2,4382,0102,1441.1State60,44675,90278,2275.6Northeast3,8232,0221,6770.9Connecticut~~~~24000.0Massachusetts4571771361.2New Hampshire1413521.8New Jersey3,2251,8211,4685.5New York4511210.058~~Rhode Island~~~~Vermont~~~~2,1032,5363,3811.3%0//Indiana1,1871,1802,0027.4Iowa0000.00000.0Michigan28662430.1Minnesota1495085185.5Missouri0000.0Nebraska0000.0North Dakota3848483.40000.0South Dakota1661551.74276777153.047,12865,21267,07110.5%1,0741,1601,5965.4Arkansas7288421,0077.0Delaware~~~~District of Columbia1,329~~Florida0341,1471.2Georgia3,8884,9704,9199.13,8505,9217,91235.2Louisiana15,59916,23017,07945.5Maryland1181621510.63,7004,6844,95222.1North Carolina0000.09701,9551,8927.3South Carolina4333813771.6Tennessee5,2046,4517,01926.7Texas6,47715,09112,7747.4Virginia2,9625,9655,09713.4West Virginia7961,3661,14919.0West7,3926,1326,0981.9%Alaska~~~~Arizona23743460.1California2,7582,4682,7821.6Colorado2,1784301750.8Hawaii~~~~Idaho4504595757.9Montana54861552215.1Nevada1471481551.2New Mexico01401161.8Oregon755230.2Utah1,0501,3281,28619.8Washington04243622.0Wyoming1722562.7~ Not applicable. /Not reported. :Not calculated.Prisons and jails form one integrated system.As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibil-ity of the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 15. Reported state and federal prison capacities, December 31, 2007Region and jurisdictionType of capacity measureCustody population as a percent ofRatedOperationalDesignHighest capacityLowest capacityFederal122,461……136%136%NortheastConnecticut…………%…1,8851,8851,885Massachusetts…7,875New Hampshire2,5243,0002,270New Jersey…23,30016,876New York60,24261,39057,76841,69241,69241,692Rhode Island4,0044,0044,265Vermont1,7321,7321,371119MidwestIllinois33,97133,97159,959Indiana…24,989Iowa…7,413117117…51,343Minnesota…7,807Missouri…30,788Nebraska…3,9693,175111North Dakota1,0449911,044South Dakota…3,4879393…17,383…25,68613,728181%Arkansas12,96113,61012,863Delaware7,1036,7575,319Florida…95,24172,556119Georgia…58,231Kentucky…13,68214,017Louisiana20,46120,641114115Maryland…23,155Mississippi…22,72522,725North Carolina33,35938,51211524,84524,84524,845South Carolina…23,918Tennessee20,25819,804Texas162,560158,578162,560VirginiaWest Virginia4,1355,0154,135119West3,0583,206113%119%Arizona29,11939,69034,474California…165,40982,936Colorado…14,93713,027119Hawaii…3,4872,451Idaho6,3486,0316,348111117Montana…2,441119119Nevada11,06110,8118,326New Mexico…7,1316,653Oregon…13,18813,188Utah…6,6506,886Washington13,77715,50215,5021,5111,4361,428…Data not available. /Not reported.Population counts are based on the number of inmates held in facilities operated by the jurisdiction. Excludes inmates held in local jails, in other states, or in private facilities.Connecticut no longer reports capacity because of a law passed in 1995.Capacity based on numbers reported in 2006. Excludes capacity of county facilities and inmates housed in them.Capacity definition differs from BJS definition, see Jurisdiction Notes.Includes capacity of private and contract Prisoners in 2007 Appendix table 16. Prisoners in custody of correctional authorities in the U.S. Territories and Commonwealths, December 31, 2006 and 2007TotalSentenced to more than 1 yearJurisdiction20062007Percent change, 2006-200720062007Percent change, 2006-2007Incarceration rate, 2007*Total15,20514,678-3.5%11,74311,465-2.4%21023612.41131228.04955358.1337320-5.0Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands1261378.776782.6Commonwealth of Puerto Rico13,78813,215-4.210,78910,553-2.2U.S. Virgin Islands586555-5.3428392-8.4*The number of prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year per 100,000 persons in the resident population. July 1, 2007 populwere provided by the U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base. Appendix table 17. Prisoners under military jurisdiction, by branch of service, yearend 2006 and 2007TotalSentenced to more than 1 yearBranch of service200620072006-200720062007Percent change, 2006-2007Total1,9441,794-7.7%1,1351,089-4.1%To which prisoners belongAir Force328280-14.6215185-14.0880829-5.85425552.4Marine Corps407396-2.7167164-1.8315268-14.9201173-13.9Coast Guard101220.0Holding prisonersAir Force-33.7209-55.0996912-8.47117211.4Marine Corps3293389897-1.0527483-8.3306262-14.4 Appendix table 18. Number of detainees held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), by facility type, December 31, 2006 and 20072007Percent change, 2006-2007Total27,36830,43111.2%Intergovernmental Service Agreement and Bureau of Prisons17,75320,711ICE owned and contract9,6159,720Note: Not comparable with numbers reported prior to 2006. The classification of categories have Appendix table 19. Number of detainees in custody by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement authorities, by offense type, December 31, 2007Change, 2006-2007Reason held20062007Number of detaineesPercent changeTotal27,36830,4313,06311.2%Immigration law violation13,42713,580Criminal offense11,68712,889Pending charge/disposition2,2543,962