What was the geological Event that added to the Great Depression during the 1930s From Peace to War Japan becomes aggressive post WWI Attack China Makes US Britain and France mad Italy Invades Ethiopia ID: 760269
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Slide1
Chapter 17
Section 1
Slide2Focus Question
What was the geological Event that added to the Great Depression during the 1930’s?
Slide3From Peace to War
Japan becomes aggressive post WWI
Attack China
Makes U.S., Britain, and France mad
Italy
Invades Ethiopia
League of nations attacks Italy's actions
Germany
Hitler begins building a massive army in 1936
Hitler is angry at the Treaty of Versailles
Slide4Keeping the Peace
Keeping the Peace
West Appeased Germany
West believed in pacifism
Neutrality acts
Not selling to war nations or loaning to war nations
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Slide5Spain Collapses Into Civil War
Francisco Franco led a bloody revolution
Nationalist- Fascist
Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco
Loyalists- Communist, and Socialist
USSR backed the loyalists
U.S, Britain, and France were neutral
Germany Experimented with new weapons
Franco is ruthless
Killing 750,000 Civilians
1939 Franco takes over Spain
Slide6German Aggression Continues
Hitler thought Germany was a superior nation
Austria
Hitler wanted to unite the 2 nations (Anschluss)
Austria didn’t want to unite
Germany and Austria go to war
Hitler takes over Austria
Czechoslovakia
3 million Germans lived in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia was a democratic nation
Hitler didn’t want Germans in a democratic nation
Wants to take over the region
Takes the region in 1939
Slide7War in Europe
Nazi Soviet pact-1939
Hitler and Stalin make a pact not to mess with one another
Done based on respect and needs not on friendship
Last 2 years (operation Barbosa)
Hitler Invades Poland
9/1/1939 Hitler invades Poland
9/3/1939 France and Britain declare war on Germany
U.S. remains neutral until Pearl Harbor
Slide8Section2
Slide9Focus Question
What was the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Alliance?
Slide10Daily Questions
What three countries made up the Axis Powers?
Why did Germany and the USSR agree not to fight one another?
Who was the man trying to take over Spain?
Slide11The Axis Advance
Beginning in 1939 Hitler wants the whole world to know he is in charge
Begins trying to take over Europe
1939 Hitler starts Blitzkrieg “lightning war”
Luftwaffe were the German air force
Firebombed cities
Hitler encourages Italy to declare war on France
France was helping the British
France is still weak after WWI
France surrenders to Italy on June 22, 1940
Slide12The Blitz
Operation Sea Lion
August 1940 Germany Bombed England
Firebombing
Known as the London Blitz
268 days long
71 days and nights of sporadic firebombing
57 straight days
Germany does not take over Britain
30,000 killed
200,000 injured
60% building destroyed
The U.S. provides support and aid to Britain
Ticks off Hitler
Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16Hitler and Stalin
Hitler becomes aggravated with Stalin
Hitler wants the USSR
Gold, oil, land
Nullifies the peace agreement
Attacks USSR
Surprise attack on the USSR
2.5 million soviets are killed
Hitler thinks he has the war won
Winter hits
-40 degrees
Thousands of Germans are killed
Stalin pushed Hitler out of the USSR
Britain and France backs the USSR
Slide17Hitler's New Occupation
Concentration Camps
Execution camps
Labor camps
Mass genocide
Systematic killing of a particular race or group
Starvation, diseases, overworked
Holocaust is the worst genocide in history
12-18 million people are killed
Slide18Slide19Focus Question
What was operation Sea Lion?
Slide20FDR and Churchill
FDR looked for ways around the Neutrality actsBritain needed aid Lend lease actLoan to sell war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to defend the U.S.FDR was supplying Britain with the majority of their materialsFDR and Churchill would meet in secret places
Slide21Japan and The United States
When WWII broke out in 1939 Japan saw opportunity to take over the pacific
Began to try to take over the pacific islands
U.S. banned the sell of all materials to Japan
Japan saw this as a threat
The war that broke out between the U.S. and Japan was a culmination of tensions between the two countries
Began in 1915 with the invasion of China
Worsened by WWI
Reached their boiling point in 1939
Slide22Japans long plan
The Japanese practiced and prepared carefully for their attack on Pearl Harbor.
Practice maps
2 years of precision practice
Operation Al
Left port on November 26, 1941
6 aircraft carriers, 9 destroyers, 2 battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 1light cruiser, 23 submarines, 414 planes, 8 tankers
Turned off all radio equipment going across the pacific
Zigzagged across the pacific so as to not be spotted by cargo ships.
Slide23Japan and the U.S. face Off
Attack
Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941“ A day that will live in infamy”7:45 Sunday Morning Attack on Battleship RowDecember 11, 1941 U.S. declares war
Slide24U.S
2 battleships totally lost
2 battleships sunk and recovered3 battleships damaged1 battleship grounded2 other ships sunk3 cruisers damaged3 destroyers damaged3 other ships damaged188 aircraft destroyed159 aircraft damaged2,403 killed1,178 wounded
Japan
4 midget submarines sunk
1 midget submarine grounded
29 aircraft destroyed
64 killed
1
captured
Slide25Slide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Section 3
Slide31Focus Question
Why was the U.S. so caught off guard during the attack on Pearl Harbor?
Slide32Daily Questions
What date did pearl harbor occur?
Why was Japan mad at the U.S?
How many people were killed during pearl harbor?
Slide33All Out War
Allies committed to total war
All resources devoted to the war effort
Rations were put into effect
Food, gas, resources were rationed
Government Increased Power
Factories only made war goods
Factories were converted to make supplies
War bonds were sold
Slide34All Out War
WWII brings the U.S. out of the depression
Everyone was holding at least one
job
Men and women were making a pay check
Censorship was put into effect
All radio, TV, newspapers, and propaganda were censored
U.S. devotes Billions of dollars to the war effort
Men are ready to go to war
U.S. is now totally involved in all war fronts
Slide35Women
Were key to WWIIMillions of jobs were left vacantWomen picked up the slackRosie the RiveterWorked in factories and on shipsTook care of the home Women served in the war and on the war frontNurses, ambulance drivers, mailwomen
Slide36Slide37Slide38Battle in the Pacific
Japanese
Navy
Was trying to take over islands in the pacific such as the Philippines
Wanted more territory
Battle of Coral
Sea (May 4-8, 1942)
Japan vs. U.S
5 day naval battle
Sank Japanese air craft carriers
Killed over 1,000 sailors
Midway
Battle (June 4-7, 1942)
Japan vs. U.S
Ships never saw one another
U.S. destroyed over half of Japans
Navy
250 planes were destroyed
Killed over 3,500
Japan was now fearful of the Allied
powers
The U.S. had pushed the Japanese back into Japan where they were unable to launch another attack
Slide39Allies Forge Ahead
1942-1943 Turing point in WWIIAllied powers won Victories on 4 Fronts, pushing back the Axis powersPacific, Northern Africa, Italy, RussiaWas fighting in multiple theaters (parts of the war)Pacific and European were the main two Wanted to keep the Japanese out of the Pacific
Slide40Slide41Focus Question
What was the two main theaters of WWII?
Slide42The Big Three
Roosevelt, Churchill, StalinWanted to finish the war in Europe before they finished the war in AsiaStalin Feared the U.S. and Britain was going against himChurchill and Roosevelt didn’t trust StalinAllies in Italy1943 Italy defeatedMussolini signed an Armistice Africa Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated the troops from AfricaGermans defeatedHitler was in RussiaWanted StalingradHitler Surrenders 1943
Slide43D-Day
Operation Overlord was the Battle of Normandy (series of attacks)
Allies Push Toward Germany
D-Day
Operation Neptune
101
st
Airborne
June 6, 1944-August 30, 1944
Invasion of German occupied France
156,000 troops stormed the beach of Normandy
Germany Retreats and France is freed
General Patton led the American troops
Infantry men were divided by race
Gave African Americans more respect after World War II ended
Germans retreated on August 25, 1944
Gave Allied powers a boost of Moral
Slide44Slide45Slide46Slide47Slide48Allies Advance
Allies Advance toward Germany
Battle of the
Bulge
(16
December 1944 – 25 January
1945)
German attack on the Allied powers
Germany becomes weak
125,000 killed
Weakens the Allied Forces
95,000 killed
Allied powers push the Germans back
One of the bloodiest battles of WWII
Yalta Conference
1945
Big three attend
USSR agreed to enter the war against Japan
Germany would be divided into 4 zones
America, French, British, and Soviets would all gain a piece
Russia would take control of Japanese lands
Slide49Leaders losing favor
Mussolini
Began to lose favor in 1943
People were growing distrusting of him
Was dismissed from his post in 1943
People wanted to return to old “Italian ways”
Mussolini is Captured in 1945
Tried as an enemy
Executed on April 28, 1945
Hitler
By 1943 Hitler had already survived 2 assassination attempts
The people of Germany were growing distrusting
Germany was losing the war
Commits suicide April 30,1945
Along with his longtime girlfriend
Body was cremated by the Nazi and then taken by the Russians
Slide50Slide51Section 4
Slide52Focus Question
What was D-Day?
Slide53Internment Camps
U.S. feared all Japanese Americans FDR order the Relocation of Japanese Americans to the campsExecutive Order 9066U.S. placed all Japanese Americans in Internment CampsGenerations of people who had lived in the United States their whole livesWere American CitizensLost their home and businesses1942-1944127,000 Japanese Americans Interned1988 the U.S. government gave each surviving person $20,000 compensation
Slide54Slide55Slide56Allied Victory
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)Why the Allies crushed the Axis PowersUnited States military powerUnderestimated RussiaLocation (2 Front)U.S. productionDouglas McArthur Controls the NavyBegins island hoppingAvoiding the Japanese KamikazeDevises a plan to get rid of Japans Army and Navy
Slide57Atomic Weapons
1945 FDR diesHarry Truman becomes President Orders the Manhattan Project Robert OppenheimerAlamogordo New Mexico (1945)Built 3 bombsAugust 6, 1945Hiroshima70,000 KilledAugust 8, 1945 USSR declares war on JapanAugust 9, 1945Nagasaki40,000 killed August 10, 1945 Japan surrenders V-J Day
Slide58Slide59Fat man
Nagasaki
Little Boy
Hiroshima
Slide60Slide61Slide62Section 5
Slide63Focus Question
What is V-E day, and V-J day?
Slide64The Wars Aftermath
50 million people are killed during WWII
½ civilians
Allies faced many decisions post WWII
How to deal with the defeated
Nuremburg Trials
200 Germans and Austrians tried and convicted of crimes against humanity
Allies want to spread Democracy
Get rid of Communism and Fascism
Slide65Post WWII
United Nations
April 1945 50 Nations Gather
Established a UN Charter
Each Nation has 1 vote
5 permanent members
U.S., France, Britain, Russia, China
Alliances Break Apart
US and USSR emerge as world leaders
Differences between allies
Cold War Begins
Opposing Ideologies
Communism vs. Democracy
Stalin creates the Red Army
Slide66New Conflicts
Truman Doctrine
March 12, 1947
U.S responsibility to support those resisting communism
Resist expansion
Marshall Plan
U.S. funded food and economic assistance to European nations
Spent $13 billion on Rebuilding Europe
U.S. offered the Soviet Union help but Stalin refused
Slide67POST WWII
Germany
Divided into pieces
East Berlin and West Berlin
Berlin Airlift
U.S. supported a communist piece of Germany
14 months of support
Opposing Alliances
1949 NATO formed
1955 Warsaw Pact
Propaganda War
Was the form of war used the most during the cold war
Cold war was a series of proxy wars
Slide68Slide69Slide70Slide71Focus Question
What was the Warsaw pact?