Simone Antoniucci Teresa Giannini D Lorenzetti U Munari G Li Causi B Nisini A Arkharov V Larionov F Vitali A Harutyunyan A Di Paola A Giunta ID: 614212
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Slide1
Exorcism at LBT
Simone
Antoniucci
, Teresa Giannini, D. Lorenzetti, U. Munari, G. Li Causi, B. Nisini, A. Arkharov, V. Larionov, F. Vitali, A. Harutyunyan, A. Di Paola, A. Giunta, F. Strafella, V. Testa
EXOR
optiCal-Infrared Systematic Monitoring
INAF OAR, INAF
OAPd
, INAF IAPS, Univ. of
Salento
, TNG FGG, Univ. of St. Petersburg,
Pulkovo
Obs. Slide2
Young Stellar Objects
2LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
Dullemond
& Monnier 2010
M
acc
M
loss
Hartmann+ 2016
T
Tauri
star
~
10
6
yr
jet
disk
HI
[
FeII
]
CO
[OI]
UV
exc
Slide3
Accretion evolution
Hartmann 1998
After
main-accretion stars accrete at lower rates (T Tauri phase)Some T Tauri show powerful intermittent accretion outbursts (FUor/EXor events). Crucial stage for
understanding how accretion
halts (IMF) and how
these events affect the protoplanetary diskIs FUor/EXOr
phase
an evolutionary stage
of all
YSOs
?
Are
there
outbursts
even
in the
embedded
phase
?
Assuming
short
outbursts
of enhanced
accretion can explain the luminosity
problem
(accreting YSOs are not as luminous
as expected)3
LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcismSlide4
V
EXors
and FUors
Hartmann+ 2016Kospal+ 2011ΔV duration/recurrence MaccFUors5-7 magtens of yrs/?10-4- 10-5
Msun/yr
EXors3-4
magmonths/several years10-5- 10-7 Msun/yr 4LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
Miller+
2011Slide5
V
EXors
and FUors
Hartmann+ 2016Kospal+ 20115LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcismMiller+ 2011Only few EXors known (30),
resemble T Tauri stars when
quiescentLack of
wide-band spectroscopic information (especially for quiescence)Lack of quantitive comparisons between quiescence and outburst Outburst
mechanism not
clarified yet: thermal/gravitational instability
, triggering from
companion
? (
Audard+
2014,
Vorobyov
&
Basu
2010)Slide6
Photometric
monitoring
(BVRI, JHK)detect outbursts, monitor color variations (typical sampling 3-4 weeks) NIR: AZT-24 Campo imperatore, La Silla/REMIR Opt: Asiago 122cm-telescope, La Silla/ROSS2 + ancillary smaller facilities
EXorcism
6
LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcismEXOR optiCal-Infrared S
ystematic M
onitoring
Spectroscopic
datasets
build
library
of
optical-to-near-IR
quiescence
spectra
of
known
EXors
acquisition
and
monitoring of
outburst
spectra
quiescence-outburst
comparison
LR:
LBT/MODS (
optical
) , LBT/LUCI (
near-IR
) (R~1000)
HR: Asiago 182cm-telescope (
optical
, R
~20000); TNG/GIANO (
near-IR
,
R
~50000
)Slide7
Exorcism @LBT
7LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
Backup/filler program
since 2014 to build an EXor spectral library MODS (0.35-1.0 μm) + LUCI (1.0-2.4 μm) longslit spectra (R~1000) Considered
sample ~ 30 objects
Library status: complete
(optical+near-IR) quiescence spectra of 15 objects, with partial spectra
for
5 sources V1118 Ori and V2492
Cyg observed
in
quiescence
and
outburst
!
MODS
LUCI
V1184 Tau
Giannini+
2016
V2492
Cyg
Giannini+
in prep.Slide8
Work/Papers
8LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
Recent Exorcism
publications based on LBT dataAntoniucci, Arkharov, Di Paola+ 2014 A&A 565, L7 (V1180 Cas characterization) Antoniucci, Nucita,
Giannini+ 2015 A&A
584A, 21 (V1180 Cas
X-ray vs opt-NIR)Lorenzetti, Antoniucci, Giannini+ 2015
ApJ 802, 24
(V1118 Ori quiescence)
Giannini, Lorenzetti, Harutyunyan+
2016a
A&A
588A, 20
(V1184 Tau
variability
)
Giannini, Lorenzetti,
Antoniucci+
2016b
ApJ
819, L5
(V1118 Ori
outburst
–
paper
I)
Giannini,
Antoniucci
,
Lorenzetti+
2017
ApJ
839, 112 (V1118 Ori outburst
– paper II)
+ … 2 more currently in
preparation
LBT
spectra
enable
quantitative
analysis
of
the
quiescent
phase
Macc
,
fluxes and excitation of accretion/ejection/disk tracers,
circumstellar
gas parameters, ...
Determination of the “zero level” for the object accretion activity, fundamental for meaningful quantitative comparison with outbursts (
constraints on models)Slide9
The case of V1118
Ori
9
LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcismGiannini+ 2017After 10 yr quiescence new major outburst in 2015-2016
Rapid increase, then stable
for a few months
(0.5 mag variations), then slow fadingHint at outburst periodicity? Monitored spectra (MODS+LUCI)Slide10
V1118 Ori: LBT spectra
10LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
Multiple
tracers (accretion/ejection/disk)From quiescence to outburst: Change of continuum shape (blueing)Appearance/enhancement of many tracers (HI, HeI, CaII,
FeI, NaI, CO)
MODS
LUCI
quiescence
quiescence
Giannini+
2016, 2017Slide11
Mass
accretion
rate I
11LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism2) Macc from fit of UV excess + spectrum (method
by Manara+ 2014, 2017; Alcalà+
2014) determine
also star params, extinctionAlcalà+ 2014
Giannini+
2017Slide12
Mass
accretion rate II
12LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
1) Macc from line fluxes via Lacc/Lline relationships (Alcalà+ 14)quiescenceoutburst
Lorenzetti+
2015
Giannini+ 2017Slide13
Mass accretion variation
13LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
For
the first time evolution of Macc during outburst<Macc, quiesc> 3.3 10-9 Msun/yr <Macc,
outb peak> 2.6
10-7 Msun/
yrMacc variation by factor ~102
Giannini+
2017Slide14
Gas properties: HI decrements
14LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
HI Balmer
decrements compared with models by Kwan+ 2011Outburst temperature in the range ~9000-15000 KAccording to Antoniucci+ 2016 the shape of the Balmer decrements is of type 2 in quiescence and type 4 in outburst
; type 4 decrements are typical
of high accretors.
Density enhancement by factor of 100, the same as the increase in mass accretion
rateSlide15
V1118 outburst params
15LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcism
Complementary
HR spectra from ASIAGO and TNG/GIANO provide info on line profile variationsComprehensive analysis of the outburst from quiescence to peak: accurate derivation of “Δparams” Slide16
Recap and future
Exorcism project Optical/NIR photometric monitoring + spectroscopic characterization of EXors
EXor library of spectra 0.35-2.5μm @LBT
characterization and determination of “zeroes” for the main parameters (Macc)Fundamental for comparison quiescence vs outburstWhat’s next @LBT Complete the spectral library Exorcism @LSST: LSST will identify lots of EXor candidates (also in younger phases) follow-up with LBTHigh-resolution observations of inner regions of EXors for investigating triggering mechanism (for instance SHARK!... this afternoon)New works:
Giannini+ submitted (V2492
Cyg outburst
)Antoniucci+ in prep. (Global view, general properties
of
EXors in quiescence
)
16
LBT Users' Meeting 2017 - Firenze S. Antoniucci - EXorcismSlide17
Thank You
A
che
tante facelle? (G. Leopardi)