Personal Guidance System for the Visually Impaired Jack M - PDF document

* This research was supported by grant R01 EY09740 from the National Eye Institute. Permission to cop without fee all or part this matelial is granted provided tzat the copies are not made or distributed for direct commerdal advanta e the ACM copytight notice and the Q 1994 ACM 0-89791 -649-2/94/0010..$3.50 one's position travel with becoming lost, reorientir a route the destination. class1 the basis of kinematic order: position, acceleration. Position-based pilotage or on external traveler's position signals would audible, tactual, odorous landmarks know1 those provided nat aids, such Global Positioning System on Ill; risible, to the ~ga tion (GPS). ring or iignals r 2, 31; to the ted by of the ial usc al and (called linear ;rating itional In and 'tue of xa tion ababl y large- 5 at a the layout such an environments through potential negatives well. Aside the obvious cosmetic undesirability, unreliability, and the risks associated with faulty operation, there is the dependent upon the aid and allow their normal travel skills languish, so actually worse Determining Position this module provide the computer with orientation which can then properly locate a spatial database the environment. The primary determining position receiver (with' differential correction). The in a navigation aid for was first 171 and by Loomis [6]; Brusnighan, Strauss, Floyd, and Wheeler Ill] experiment with full complement backups) is now in with near uniform accuracy over earth's surface. Currently, available hand-held localization accuracy military's deliberate sigirals) differential correction, whereby one a base receiver, with in the signals arriving for each then transmitted link to mobile receiver. the errors correlate almost perfectly with base; thus, the computed mobile receiver. (DGPS) it is now possible to obtain submeter base station. Trimble configuration, consisting GPS the loss satellite visibility buildings and substantial part envim be supplemented position determination non-contac pointing video camera or ultrasonic tra measure the the ground obtain the and headi ultrasonic sen reckoning aid is an inertial naviga integrates the displacement subsequent altogether and power tran penetrate buildings signals, signal availab complex when alternative means directing the along the the use natural-language commands (e.g., five paces forward, turn than homing. monitor the traveler's linguistic description. determine the will be effective in More complex still is a situation in which traveler is be informed landmarks in space. This would occur, for .example, the traveler was defined in known landmarks. The spatial database perform functions items to display determine the presentations. This memory for item and the it competes se. 2.3 Module 111: The User interface provides the user with with the GIs display through earphones (or speaker) virtual acoustic through binaural earphones. indicate the positions having their speech synthesizer, virtual sounds, including correct locations within the auditory traveler. In contrast, the conventional display provide spoken instructions spoken descriptions display expands the potential transmitted data beyond position information; for example, building could be provided. we have been using the analog hardware (91, which implements an approximation of the head-related transfer function [lo]. acoustic displays, such Convolvotron from Crystal [101, destination, add landmarks the display (e.g., spoken names parameters, such interface, which Our satellites were were less being received 10 software, has since October CIS spatial database (Golledge) and has iccrued the most experience with the 28 Ib system, mainly with informal pilot two demonstrations on fo~r three sighted blind, have out the so far through the virtual display spoken labels the virtual display signals into binaural waypoint locatiop. public other tried node of routes waypoints are sta:ionary produces and the :signals Talking lights. ]owrnal of Visual lmpairment and Blindness, 73,243. 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