Sexually Transmitted Infections - PowerPoint Presentation

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

PDCP GRADE 10Slide2

What is an STI??

An STI is a sexually transmitted infection that is contracted through unprotected sex.

Unprotected includes oral sex as well as intercourse.Slide3

Need to realize that…

You can contract some STI’s more than once and you can have more than one STI at a time.

STI’s

can

become very dangerous if ignored.Slide4

How is it Transmitted?

Germs cause STI’s. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Germs require certain things in order to grow and multiply.

Things that include warmth, darkness, moisture, mucous lining, and a good blood supply.Slide5

Types of STI’S

Parasitic STIPubic Lice (Crabs)

Bacterial STIs

Chlamydia

GonorrheaSyphilisViral STIsHerpes

AIDS/HIV

HPV (genital warts)Slide6

Pubic Lice (Crabs)Slide7

What are pubic lice?

Tiny crab-like insects that nest in pubic hair.  They bury their heads into the skin and live off human blood, laying their egg sacks (nits) near the base of the pubic hairs.Slide8

A substance they secrete into the skin can cause intense itching, and the bites of adult lice turn small patches of skin to a bluish-grey

colour.Unlike head lice, pubic lice have small, wide bodies and arms that resemble crabs. These lice can also be found in chest, armpit and facial hair, eyebrows and eyelashes.Slide9
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How do crabs/lice spread?

Pubic lice can be spread during intimate contact.They do this by crawling from one person to another, since they have no wings.

Pubic

lice also can live for one to two days in bedding, towels and clothing belonging to an infected individual, and these items can be a source of transmission.

It is most common among sexually active people and in situations where individuals are in close contact.Slide11

Symptoms

Skin irritation and inflammation accompanied by itchiness and redness. Small blue spots on the skin where lice have bitten.

Louse

feces:

fine black particles, in the infected person’s undergarments.Slide12

Treatment

Non-prescription shampoo that can be purchased at a pharmacy, clinic or doctor’s office. Usually one wash is all it takes

.

A fine-toothed comb or the fingernails can be used to scrape the eggs off the hairs.

Clothes, bedding, and other possible contaminated items should be washed in hot water or dry cleaned, or bagged for a week. Items that cannot be washed or bagged should be vacuumed. Shaving may not necessarily get rid of the problem.**It will not go away on it’s own. Slide13

Viral STIsSlide14

ChlamydiaSlide15

Figure 1 - Chlamydia, NB

Incidence rate by gender and year

, 2000-2009

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Chlamydia

Greatest number affected with Chlamydia are people 15-29 years old. Chlamydia rates rose 74% between 1997 and 2004.

Sometimes the symptoms are so mild that a person may not notice them

which leads to more infections.Symptoms may occur from 2 – 6 weeks after initial exposure.Slide17

Chlamydia: What to look for

Females:

-a new or different discharge from the vagina

-a burning feeling when urinating

-pain in the lower abdomen

- fever and chills

-pain during sex

-vaginal bleeding between periods

-vaginal bleeding after intercourse Slide18
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Chlamydia: What to look for

Males:

- a watery or milky drip from the penis

-an itchy feeling inside the penis

-a burning feeling when urinating

-pain or swelling in the testicles

- Infection of the anus Slide20
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Swollen/tender testiclesSlide22

Testing

You will need to go to your doctor’s office and ask for testing to be done for Chlamydia.

Urine test conducted at your doctor’s office.

Also, a swab will be done on your throat, anus, penis or vagina.Slide23

Treatment

Chlamydia can be cured if treated with an antibiotic taken by mouth.

Unfortunately,

the disease is often missed

because it frequently presents no symptoms.

Effects if untreated:

Women: Sterility due to pelvic inflammatory disease. Passing the infection on to their child during childbirth.

Men: Infection of the urethra causing low sperm count and/or sterility. Slide24

Gonorrhea

(the clap)Slide25

Gonorrhea

Second most common STI in Canada, rates have doubled between 1997-2004.

2/3 of reported cases in Canada are men.

Can affect the cervix, urethra, rectum, throat, and occasionally the eyes.Slide26

Gonorrhea

Symptoms, if any, include burning sensation during urination, and thick yellow discharge for both men/women.

Rectal/vaginal bleeding and pain are also symptoms.

It may take 2-21 days after sex to notice symptomsSlide27

Urethral Discharge from GonorrheaSlide28

Vaginal Discharge from GonorrheaSlide29

Effects/Treatment

Individuals with gonorrhea are at an increased risk for contracting HIV.

EFFECTS

Men & Women: Infertility & Infection in the bloodstream, joint & skin problems.

TREATMENT

Multiple oral anti-

biotics

are available as there are several strains of gonorrhea requiring various treatments.Slide30

SyphilisSlide31

Syphilis

An infection sometimes called the great imitator because symptoms are similar to some common medical conditions.

Infectious in the

first year

after contraction.This disease was rare in Canada, but is now becoming more common, with a definite increase in Atlantic Canada.(rose 904% between 1997-2004) Slide32

Testing and Treatment

A blood test or a swab of the infected area is used to determine if you are infected.Syphilis can be cured with antibiotics but you are never immune.Slide33

3 Stages of Syphilis

1

st

Stage SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

3 days – 90 days after contracting

A chancre (sore or ulcer) will appear where the infection entered the body.

A chancre is firm, round and small. It is painless and my go unnoticed.

A chancre can heal without treatment, but the disease will still progress to stage 2. Slide34

Stage 1 - SyphilisSlide35

Chancre on a VaginaCan be internal or externalSlide36
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3 Stages of Syphilis

Stage 2 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Develop 2 – 6 months after exposure.

The chancre may still be present or may be healed.

A rash may appear as rough, with reddish brown spots.Other symptoms: fever, sore throat, patchy hair loss, weight loss, muscle or joint aches. Slide38

2nd Stage - SyphilisSlide39

Épidémiologie de la Syphilis au NB

Aspects cliniques et transmissibilité

(suite…)

HAND

CHEST

TONGUE

BACK

FOOTSlide40

3 Stages of Syphilis

3rd

Stage

2nd stage symptoms subside (go away). Disease can now damage organs like the heart, liver, brain, nerves, eyes, blood vessels, bones, and joints.

Over time, it can cause paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, dementia, and even death. Slide41

Viral STIsSlide42

HERPESSlide43

Before we discuss Herpes…

Two types of Herpes: HSV1 & HSV2

HSV1

– Commonly referred to as cold sores.

Contagious, but is not contracted through sexual activity.

HSV2

– Genital Herpes

Contagious, and is contracted through sexual activity. Can occur on the lips, mouth, genital or anal areas.

A person can be infected with both HSV1 & HSV2 at the same time.Slide44
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Herpes

Herpes is a virus.

Many people who've been infected with HSV may never know they have the disease.

For some people – symptoms are very mild and go unnoticed.

For some people – symptoms are severe and painful.Slide46

Herpes – Signs and Symptoms

Pain or itching around your genital area, buttocks or inner thighs 2 - 20 days after exposure

Several days later-small red bumps appear

They blister and rupture, becoming ulcers that ooze or bleed.

3-4 days later they form scabs that later heal

THIS DOES NOT MEAN THE VIRUS IS GONE!!

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How do genital herpes spread?

Direct skin to skin contact

Can spread to other parts of the body, including the eyes and from the mouth to the genitals during oral sex when one partner has cold sores.Slide50

Treatment

There is no cure!

There are antiviral medications (pills and ointment) available by prescription that will help reduce the number, duration and severity of the ulcers.

Medications can help with suppressing outbreaks and symptoms. Slide51

Hepatitis B

A virus that affects the liver.

In up to 50% of people, there are no outward signs of infection.

Symptoms can include: Tiredness, nausea, vomiting, a rash and joint pain. These symptoms are similar to the flu.Slide52

90% of people are able to fight off the infection

.

Antiviral agents are the best known

treatment

, but there is no instant cure.Hep-B can be spread though sex, childbirth, needles and other personal items like razors and toothbrushes.Slide53

HPV

Human PapillomavirusSlide54

What is HPV?

Human Papillomavirus

Transmitted through skin to skin contact.

Affects cells inside and outside the body.

These include surfaces of the skin, lining of the mouth, tongue, throat, tonsils, vagina, penis, cervix, and anus.

Most common type of HPV is genital warts although there are 80 other different types.Slide55

HPV Vaccine

An HPV Vaccine is available for girls to prevent the contraction of HPV which causes cervical cancer.The vaccine fights against those strains of HPV which cause cancer, but does not protect against all forms.

If you have received the vaccine, you must still practice safe sex to prevent contracting an STI.Slide56

HPV (Genital Warts)

FEMALE

MALESlide57
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Genital Warts

VERY contagious

66% of people who come in contact with genital warts will become infected.

Symptoms include itching and burning. The cauliflower-like growths are unsightly and embarrassing and associated with a high incidence of depression, sexual dysfunction and disruptions to long-term relationships. Slide59
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Treatment/ Complications

Antibiotics and having warts frozen or burned for removal.

Genital warts can re-occur – common even with treatment.

Definite potential for cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile and other

cancers if left untreated.Slide61

HIV/AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeSlide62

HIV/AIDS

HIV is the virus that causes

AIDS

.

AIDS > Serious condition that compromises a person’s immune system.

People can have the virus and be completely healthy.

Only way to diagnose is through blood test.Slide63

How is HIV transmitted?

Unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex.

Shared needles or other drug equipment

Household items such as toothbrushes and razors that have touched infected blood.

It CAN NOT be transmitted by insects, saliva, sweat, tears, urine or feces unless blood is present.Slide64

AIDSSlide65

AIDS is a collection of symptoms and affects that occur together once a person’s immune system had been compromised by HIV.

Since 1981 over 20 million people have died from AIDS. Right now over 35 million people are infected with HIV.Slide66
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The bottom line

Know the risksKnow your partner

Do not engage in unprotected sex

Realize that having sex “just because someone wants you to or because you feel pressured” has huge consequences.

And really…who wants to have to worry about having a sexually transmitted infection?Slide68

BEST WEBSITE.

http://www.sexualityandu.ca/