How American citizens waged war at home and supported their loved ones abroad Rationing What was rationed Sugar 1 st Coffee Meat Butter Tires Gas Nylons Make up Clothing Equal distribution of available resources or using sparingly ID: 350685
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Slide1
The Home Front
How American citizens waged war at home and supported their loved ones abroad.Slide2
Rationing
What was rationed:Sugar (1
st)CoffeeMeat
ButterTiresGasNylons
Make-upClothing
Equal distribution of available resources or using sparingly.
How
it worked:
B
ased
on
number of people in familySpecific things, specific durationPrice ceilings Maximum price set by governmentRation stamp AND moneySlide3
Civic Duties
V-mailPaper was in short supply
Long time, heavyOnly source of contact
VERY importantSo….G
o to Post Office get special
card Write and returnPhotographed
Film sent overseas Lighter!
The
pictures were printed and mailed
Victory Gardens
20 million+
planted9-10 million tons 50% of total productionPeople stopped growing these gardens at wars endCanning/other forms of preservationFamilies with men in the War put stars in their windows representing the number serving. Blue for
active Gold for
lost in actionSlide4
Civic Duties Continued…
Conservation and Recycling
Metal (car bumpers to bottle caps to lipstick cases)
Steel and aluminum
Collected in “Scrap Drives” – often by young boys
Paper
Gas/Oil
Rubber and Tin
Cooking fats
Silk and NylonSlide5
War Bonds
Defense Bonds first
War Bonds after Pearl Harbor
$25 Stamps
for smaller amountscollected
Children and Adults $25 after 10 years = $25.73
Sold everywhereIn towns – Girl and Boy ScoutsBy celebrities and sports leagues
Exhibition games, selling kisses, radio-thons
Total $185.7 BILLION
Over ½ population buys them
Helps fund the War Effort and promote Saving!Slide6
Women & Minorities in Workplace
Industry
increasing,
unemployment
decreasing
Manpower surplus, Severe
shortage in manpowerMen to War – Jobs
replaced
Private
Employers/Government
encouraged women/minorities to work750,000 African Americas migrated to N. and W. industrial cities
1940:12 million women (1/4) in workforceWar End: 18 million (1/3) in workforceWhere did they work?Riveters and WeldersWeapons testersVolunteer FirefightersFactory workersSeamstresses making military clothingClerical positions3 million in the War industry – remainder in more typical jobs.Slide7
Propaganda
War posters and Video NewsreelsOffice of War Information (OWI)
Aimed
at all aspects of American
society
Women, Children,
Minorities
P
romoted
Democracy, War Aims
, Ideals
Bring American People together Support War
Helped by new
technology
and
mediaSlide8
Japanese Internment
FDR Executive Order 9066 Authorizing mass incarceration
Around 130,000 Japanese-Americans interned2/3rds are American citizens, ½ are children
Germans and Italians Americans tooF
orced to either leave behind or sell for virtually nothing all of their possessions, homes, and businesses/farmsPresident Reagan issues Reparations
$20,000 to surviving detaineesPresident Bush, Sr. issues an apologySlide9
Organization & Volunteerism
Civil DefenseAir raid wardens
Fire and Police AuxiliariesBlack-out monitorsOrganized War Bond salesCollection drives for scrap metal and other products
Rolled bandages, knit socks, etc.Red CrossVictory Corps
Volunteer Ambulance driversSlide10
Pop- Culture
Tattoos
Common on servicemen
Pin-ups
Images sent to soldiers
Hollywood starlets and “hometown” girls
Movies and Radio
¾
Newsreels
showed military
hostilities/war
related infoFDR fireside chats continue thru WWIIHeavy censorshipAt Movies:2 feature filmsSerial (like TV)PreviewsCartoonsNewsreelsSlide11
Fun Facts!!!
Copper and Nickel get removed from money!!!
Women started playing in major league sportsGirls’s
Professional Baseball League (Movie: A League of their Own)
Celebrities and Sports Teams would put on exhibitions to help sell war bonds!Clark Cable and Humphrey Bogart, both famous Hollywood actors, join the military and go to War.Superman did not join the War, because they were afraid it would make the War look too easy.
Captain America – 1944 – In red and white tights to do battle with the Nazi’s!Wonder Woman too!
USO organized many functions for soldiersDances, coffee and donut socials, and showsMy Grandmother and Grandfather met at one of the dances!