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out the. longer(nil;ys)!falselonger(cons(x;xs);nil)!truelonger(cons(x;xs);cons(y;ys))!longer(xs;ys)thentheresultingTRSR2isnotoutermostterminating.longer(zeros;zeros)o!R2longer(cons(0;zeros);zeros)o!R2longer(co Richard B. . Larson. Yale University. Conclusions. Compact objects such as stars and black holes generally form in larger systems such as binaries, multiple systems, star clusters, or galaxies.. Gravitational interactions in these larger systems play a major role in the formation of compact objects by transporting angular momentum.. . atmospheres. a . very. . short. . introduction. Part I. Ewa Niemczura. Astronomical. . Institute. , . UWr. eniem@astro.uni.wroc.pl. Stellar. spectra. Stellar. spectra. One picture is worth 1000 words, but . Giuseppina. . Battaglia. Instituto. de . Astrofisica. de Canarias, Tenerife. Credit. : ESO/. H.H.Heyer. Credit. : ESO/L. . Calçada. Karachentsev. et al. 2014. Individual . Red . Giant Branch . stars. Soroush Sotoudeh. . (University of Minnesota). Daniel . Weisz. , Andrew Dolphin, Evan Skillman. 06/29/2015 – . STScI. Workshop on IMF. Outline. Introduction. Observations and data. IMF analysis and results. 1. /28. Important for transits (see next slides).. . Transit depth = [ . R. planet. (. λ. ,t. ) / . R. star. (. λ,t. ) ]. 2. Not so important for eclipses because the eclipse is a simple difference, and the stellar variability typically is slower than the eclipse: . Key variable is . mass. of star. directly measured only for binary stars, but it determines position on main sequence. Cluster ages. Main-sequence luminosity increases . much. faster than mass. therefore massive stars use up their fuel much faster. Steven R. . Cranmer. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for . Astrophysics. . with A. van . Ballegooijen. , S. Saar, A. Dupree, N. . Brickhouse. , et al.. Stellar winds across the H-R Diagram. Massive stars: radiation-driven winds. Revision . lecture. Lecture slides available in . powerpoint. and . pdf. from. www.star.le.ac.uk. /~. mbu. /. lectures.html. Everything taught in the course is examinable…... However, here is a crib sheet of what to focus on. How big are stars?. How far . away?. How . luminous?. How hot?. How old, and how much longer to . live?. C. hemical . composition?. How are they moving?. Are they isolated or in clusters?. 1. How Far Away are the Stars?. Distances:. Parallax Detected!. . The Problem Faced by Astronomers. [cast your mind back to the 1700s and 1800s]. There are . hundreds of thousands . of stars visible through small telescopes. Only a tiny fraction of them will display measureable heliocentric parallax -- and you don’t know which they are!. Insights from recent surveys. Gaspard . Duchêne. (UC Berkeley, Obs. Grenoble). © NASA/JPL/Caltech. Planets in multiple systems?. © . LucasFilm. Ltd.. They must exist!. Planets in multiple systems!. Ben Keller (McMaster University). James . Wadsley. , Hugh . Couchman. CASCA 2015. Paper. : . astro-ph. : 1505.06268. Keller, . Wadsley. & . Couchman. 2015. Background Image: Gas column density of IGM around a simulated . Neal Evans. The University of Texas at Austin and . KASI. The Long and Winding Road. Core to Star + Disk. The idea of a Core. Some simple theory. Evolutionary Stages and SED Classes. Dense Cores. Observations find regions of strongly enhanced density, decreased turbulence.