Expectations Take notes and write 3 test questions What is combustion Combustion is A noun1 the act or process of burning Chemistry rapid oxidation accompanied by heat and usually light ID: 781008 Download
Combustion accounts for approximately 85 percent of the worlds energy usage and is vital to our current way of life Spacecraft and aircraft propulsion electric power production home heating ground transportation and materials processing all use comb
vs. Creation. Christopher W. Ashcraft M.S., M.Ed.. Big Bang vs. Creation. Origin of Stars. Solar System: Evidence of Design. Age of the Cosmos. Are we being told all the evidence or just selected information to support a particular idea?.
. Misnomer. ! . . Expansion not explosion. No center or edges: . isotropic and homogeneous. . Redshift of galaxies and nuclei of galaxies with active black holes . recession velocity. . Redshift: .
Nucleosynthesis. :. The Primordial Lithium Problem. Matthew von Hippel. 1. Outline. What is Big Bang . Nucleosyntheis. ?. How does it work?. How can we check it?. The Primordial Lithium Problem. Problem or problem?.
1. Hydrocarbons. 2. Methane. CH. 4. Ethyne. (acetylene). C. 2. H. 2. Butane. C. 4. H. 10. Complete Combustion. Occurs when there is plentiful O. 2. gas. Produces . ONLY. CO. 2. . (g). and H. 2. O.
A Timeline. What do you think you know about the Big Bang?. Take a couple of minutes to write down what you know, or think you know about the big bang.. The Universe and Time. The Big Bang is a theory that tells a story: the story of our universe..
Time begins. The universe begins ~13.7 Billion years ago. The universe begins as the size of a single atom. The universe began as . a . violent expansion. All matter and space were created from a single point of pure energy .
Louise C. Speitel, Richard N. Walters, & Richard E. Lyon. Approach. Develop rapid laboratory test to screen flame retardants and FR plastics for:. Gas phase activity. Combustion toxicity. 10. 3.
In this session we will continue our examination of the Big Bang theory . and looking at problems associated . with the model. Keep in mind, we can only cover a portion of the material out there! There is always more that you can study on this topic.
Darci. Collins. Beginning of the Universe. In Medieval philosophy there was much debate over whether the universe had a finite or infinite past . Johannes . Kepler. used the dark night sky to argue for a finite universe..
Expectations - Take notes and write 3 test questions. What is combustion?. Combustion is:. A noun1. the. act or process of burning.. Chemistry -.. rapid. oxidation accompanied by heat and, usually, light..
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Slide1
CombustionThe big bang or the little pop?
Expectations - Take notes and write 3 test questions
Slide2What is combustion?
Slide3Combustion is:A noun1. the act or process of burning.
Chemistry -.rapid oxidation accompanied by heat and, usually, light.chemical combination attended by production of heat and light.
slow oxidation not accompanied by high temperature and light.
Violent
excitement;
tumult.
A
chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat
. (NASA)
Slide4What is required for combustion to occur?
Slide5Components
of the fire triangle.
The
fire triangles
or combustion
triangles are simple models for understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires.The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).
Slide6Today we going to talk about the internal COMBUSTION EngineWhy do you thing we are talking about the internal combustion engine in
a chemistry class?
Slide7How many of you have ever operated a machine power by: a fuel
What kind?
Slide8S
mall E
ngine
De
v
elopment
Y
ear
1680
E
ng
i
ne
G
unpo
w
der
D
e
s
i
gne
r/
de
v
e
l
oper
Ch
r
is
t
i
an
Hu
y
gens
1698
Sa
v
e
r
y
Pump
T
homas
Sa
v
e
r
l
y
1712
Ne
w
c
omen
Steam
T
homas
Ne
w
c
omen
1763
W
att
Doub
l
e-a
c
t
i
ng
s
team
J
ames
W
att
1801
Coal
ga
s
/e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
gn
i
t
i
on
Eugene
Lebon
1802
H
i
gh
p
r
e
ss
u
r
e
s
team
R
ic
ha
r
d
Tr
e
vi
th
ic
k
1859
P
re-
m
i
x
ed
fuel and
a
i
r
Et
i
enne
Leno
i
r
1862
G
a
s
o
li
ne
N
ik
o
l
aus
O
tto
1876
F
our
c
y
cl
e
ga
s
o
li
ne
N
ik
o
l
aus
O
tto
1892
D
i
e
s
el
Rudo
l
f
D
i
e
s
el
1953
D
i
e
-
c
a
s
t
a
l
um
i
num
B&S
Slide9I
nt
e
r
na
l
Combustion--Intro
E
ng
i
ne
de
s
i
gns
can be classified by:SizeIgnition systemStrokes per cycleCylinder orientationoCrankshaft orientationControl systemCooling system
Most internal combustion engines are incredibly inefficient at turning fuel burned into usable energy. The efficiency by which they do so is measured in terms of "thermal efficiency", and most gasoline combustion engines average
around 20 percent
thermal
efficiency
Toyota
has now developed a new gasoline engine which it claims has a maximum thermal efficiency of
38
percent--greater than any other mass-produced combustion engine.
Diesels
are typically higher--approaching
40
percent in some cases.
Slide101
.
Engin
e
Si
zeIndustry defin
i
t
i
on
: “A
sm
a
l
l engine is an internal combustion engine rated up to 25 horsepower.”E ngi ne s a re a va i l a bl e i n a w i de ra nge of s i z e s .
Slide111
.
Si
ze
- Largest
T
h
e
W
a
rts
il
a
-Sulzer RTA96-C turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine is the most powerful and most efficient prime-mover in the world today.
T
he
c
y
li
nder bo
r
e
i
s
j
u
s
t under
38" and the
s
t
r
o
k
e
i
s
j
u
s
t
o
v
er
98
"
.
Ea
c
h
c
y
li
nder d
is
p
l
a
c
es
11
1,143
c
ub
i
c
i
n
c
hes
(
1,820
li
te
r
s
)
and p
r
odu
c
es
7,780
ho
r
s
epo
w
e
r
.
T
otal
d
is
p
l
a
c
ement
c
omes
out
to
1,556,002
c
ub
i
c
i
n
c
hes
(
25,480
li
te
r
s
)
for
the
fou
r
teen
c
y
li
nder
v
e
r
si
on.
Slide121
.
Si
ze
-
SmallestNot
mu
c
h
b
i
gg
e
r
than a stack of pennies, the "mini engine" is the first engine of its size to deliver power on a continuous basis.Currently will produce 2.5 watts of electr
i
c
i
t
y
(0
.
0033
5
h
p
)
.
Uses 1/2 fluid ounce of fuel per hour
Slide13An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat
engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit
.
A
car
is usually powered by a piston engine, a kind of internal combustion engine. It is so-called because fuel, usually petrol or diesel oil but sometimes hydrogen or liquefied petroleum gas, is burned (combusted) inside it. The engine converts the chemical energy stored in its fuel into movement or kinetic energy. Inside the heavy engine block are cylinders: Pistons fit snugly inside the cylinders. When
the engine is running, the pistons turn the crankshaft via connecting rods, and the crankshaft turns the wheels
.
http://
www.animatedengines.com/index.html
Slide14GOALS-Office
of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (U.S Department of energy
The
major goals of the Advanced Combustion Engine R&D subprogram are:
By 2015, increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines for passenger vehicles resulting in fuel economy improvements of 25 percent for gasoline vehicles and 40 percent for diesel vehicles, compared to 2010 gasoline vehicles.
By
2020, improve the fuel economy of gasoline vehicles by 35 percent and diesel vehicles by 50 percent, compared to 2010 gasoline vehicles.March 2016 EERE Success Story—FCA and Partners Achieve 25% Fuel Economy Improvement in Light-Duty Advanced Technology PowertrainEngines of the Future (ASME)The push toward higher-efficiency engines will alter exhaust temperatures and chemistry and may create challenges for emission control technologies.
Slide15Why do you thing we talked about the internal combustion engine in a chemistry class?
Slide16Intake Compression PowerExhaust
Suck
Squeeze
Bang
blow
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