Combustion The big bang or the little pop? - PowerPoint Presentation

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CombustionThe big bang or the little pop?

Expectations - Take notes and write 3 test questions

What is combustion?

Combustion is:A noun1. the act or process of burning.

Chemistry -.rapid oxidation accompanied by heat and, usually, light.chemical combination attended by production of heat and light.

slow oxidation not accompanied by high temperature and light.

Violent

 excitement; 

tumult.

A

chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat

. (NASA)

What is required for combustion to occur?

Components

of the fire triangle.

The 

fire triangles

 or combustion 

triangles are simple models for understanding the necessary ingredients for most fires.The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen).

Today we going to talk about the internal COMBUSTION EngineWhy do you thing we are talking about the internal combustion engine in

a chemistry class?

How many of you have ever operated a machine power by: a fuel

What kind?

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Combustion--Intro

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can be classified by:SizeIgnition systemStrokes per cycleCylinder orientationoCrankshaft orientationControl systemCooling system

Most internal combustion engines are incredibly inefficient at turning fuel burned into usable energy. The efficiency by which they do so is measured in terms of "thermal efficiency", and most gasoline combustion engines average 

around 20 percent

 thermal

efficiency

Toyota

has now developed a new gasoline engine which it claims has a maximum thermal efficiency of

38

percent--greater than any other mass-produced combustion engine.

Diesels

are typically higher--approaching

40

percent in some cases.

1

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- Largest

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e

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-Sulzer RTA96-C turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine is the most powerful and most efficient prime-mover in the world today.

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than a stack of pennies, the "mini engine" is the first engine of its size to deliver power on a continuous basis.Currently will produce 2.5 watts of electr

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(0

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.

Uses 1/2 fluid ounce of fuel per hour

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat 

engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion

 chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit

.

A 

car

 is usually powered by a piston engine, a kind of internal combustion engine. It is so-called because fuel, usually petrol or diesel oil but sometimes hydrogen or liquefied petroleum gas, is burned (combusted) inside it. The engine converts the chemical energy stored in its fuel into movement or kinetic energy. Inside the heavy engine block are cylinders: Pistons fit snugly inside the cylinders. When

the engine is running, the pistons turn the crankshaft via connecting rods, and the crankshaft turns the wheels

.

http://

www.animatedengines.com/index.html

GOALS-Office

of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (U.S Department of energy

The

major goals of the Advanced Combustion Engine R&D subprogram are:

By 2015, increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines for passenger vehicles resulting in fuel economy improvements of 25 percent for gasoline vehicles and 40 percent for diesel vehicles, compared to 2010 gasoline vehicles.

By

2020, improve the fuel economy of gasoline vehicles by 35 percent and diesel vehicles by 50 percent, compared to 2010 gasoline vehicles.March 2016 EERE Success Story—FCA and Partners Achieve 25% Fuel Economy Improvement in Light-Duty Advanced Technology PowertrainEngines of the Future (ASME)The push toward higher-efficiency engines will alter exhaust temperatures and chemistry and may create challenges for emission control technologies.

Why do you thing we talked about the internal combustion engine in a chemistry class?

Intake Compression PowerExhaust

Suck

Squeeze

Bang

blow