You will have 13 minutesbut lets review some things Questions that should be asked about Europe the Middle East and Asia from the Middle Ages to the end of the Bubonic Plague You will have 13 minutesbut lets review some things ID: 816104
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Slide1
Questions that should be asked about Europe, the Middle East, and Asia from the Middle Ages to the end of the Bubonic Plague
You will have 13 minutes…but let’s review some things.
Slide2Slide3Slide4Questions that should be asked about Europe, the Middle East, and Asia from the Middle Ages to the end of the Bubonic Plague
You will have 13 minutes…but let’s review some things.
Slide5Slide6Slide7Slide8Slide9Slide10Slide11Mongol Memory Lane
Where did the Mongols come from?
Steppes of Eurasia (Nomadic group)
Who was the leader of the Mongols who conquered China?
Genghis Khan
Who was the leader of the Mongols who began the Yuan Dynasty?
Kublai Khan
Slide12Mongol Memory Lane
The Mongols were skilled horsemen who established an empire that stretched throughout Asia and the Middle East, what happened when they tried to go East towards the Pacific and Japan?
Japanese Warriors
- They failed to conquer Japan because the “Divine wind” aka Kamikaze sank a majority of the Mongol ships and forced them to retreat. (not once, but twice!)
Slide13Japan
Slide14Geography of Japan
Surrounded by water
Used the sea both as a source of food and as a means of transportation.
Isolated Japan
Slide15Geography of Japan
80% of the land covered by mountains:
12% of land is good for farming
Natural resources (coal, iron, oil) are in short supply
Slide16Geography of Japan
Beauty of the Japanese islands
Development of Shinto religion and worship of the kami.
Slide17Geography of Japan
Natural disasters:
Located on the Ring of Fire
Deep respect for nature because of unpredictable earthquakes and tidal waves.
Slide18An earthquake with magnitude of 9.0 struck Northern Japan in March of 2011. A tsunami followed bringing in powerful waves that left cities completely devastated.
Slide19Essential Question 2/27
How did Japan’s geography impact its development?
Slide20Cultural Diffusion
Slide21Slide22Kabuki Theater
Slide23What is Feudalism?
A
social and political system in which land is given in exchange for loyalty or protection.
Slide24Groups in Japanese Feudal Society
Emperor
: Considered the spiritual leader in Japan. The emperor had great respect, but little power
.
Samurai
: Means “those who serve”. The samurai was a class of warriors or professional soldiers who swore allegiance to a daimyo or to the shogun. In return for their military support, the samurai were granted land and states. Warriors with no daimyo or shogun to swerve were called Ronin and could be hired by other nobles.
Slide25Groups in Japanese Feudal Society
Daimyo
:
A class of powerful warlords who swore allegiance to the shogun. The daimyo controlled their own land (
shoen
), collected taxes, built castles and created armies.
Shogun
:
Means “supreme general of the emperor’s army”. The shogun assumed the political power of the emperor and ruled with the support of a noble class of landowners. In effect, the shogun had the power of a military dictator.
Slide26Groups in Japanese Feudal Society
Peasants
, merchants,
artisans:
Lowest class that included farmers, artisans, and merchants. Worked for their lords.
Slide27Additional Terms to Remember:
Fief
Chivalry
Slide28Emperor
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasants, merchants, artisans
Slide29Essential Question 2/28
How are Feudal Europe and Feudal Japan similar?
Slide30Slide31Samurai Life
1. What
were some of the samurai’s privileges?
Could wear
two
swords and allowed
to behead a commoner who had offended them.
Slide32Samurai Life
2
.
What was seppuku?
a ritual suicide and considered an honorable
death
3.
Why did some samurai commit seppuku?
honor and
disgrace
death
of the lord
Form of punishment
Slide33Slide34Slide35Slide36Tokugawa
Shogunate
a. Describe the closed country policy.
b
. Why did the Shogun create this policy?
c
. How would this change Japan economically and/or socially?
Slide37Slide38The Ming Dynasty
The Forbidden City in Beijing
China
Slide39Slide40How did the Ming gain power?
The Mongols/Yuan Dynasty lost the Mandate of Heaven
Wanted China
run by Chinese. A
rebel
leader, Zhu
Yuanzhang
, led
a group of bandits against the Yuan military and other rivals who wanted power, captured the capital
city.
Slide41The Great Wall
After the Ming army defeat at Battle of Tumu and later raids by the Mongols under a new leader,
Altan
Khan, the Ming adopted a new strategy for dealing with the northern horsemen: a giant wall. Almost 100 years earlier in 1368, the Ming had started building a new and advanced fortification which today is called the Great Wall of China. Created at great expense the wall followed the new borders of the Ming Empire. Troops were deployed along the outer line, and new walls and beacon towers were constructed. Firearms and artillery were mounted on the walls and towers around.
Slide42Slide43Slide44The
Jinyiwei
The
Jinyiwei
was the imperial military secret police that served the emperors of the Ming dynasty in China. The
Jinyi
w
ei
acted as secret police throughout the empire. They were authorized to arrest, interrogate, and punish. The
Jinyiwei
also collected military intelligence on the enemy and participated in battle planning stages.
Slide45The Ming Code
The code of the Ming Dynasty was a great improvement on that of Tang Dynasty as regards to treatment of slaves. Under the Tang code slaves were treated almost like domestic animals. If they were killed by a free citizen, the law imposed no sanction on the killer. Under the Ming Dynasty, however, this was not so. The law assumed the protection of slaves as well as free citizens. The Ming code also laid great emphasis on family relations.
Slide46According to the images and text, how did the Ming dynasty consolidate and maintain power?
Record your response in your packet and be prepared to share it with the class.
Slide47Zheng He
1405-1422
Mughal Empire, Persian Empire, Aden, Mogadishu,
Jiddah
, Arabia
4 times larger
Chinese naval technology was superior to other societies
Slide48Essential Question 3/6
Why were the voyages of Zheng He so important to China?
Slide49Slide50Slide51Confucianism
Buddhism
Daoism
What do you remember?
What do you remember?
What do you remember?
What do you remember?
What do you remember about Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism?
In the spaces on your worksheet write down as much as you can recall about Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.
Slide52Quick Review
Image Source:
The Three Sages: Confucius, Lao-tzu, and Buddhist Arhat
(Enlightened Buddhist) by Ding Yunpeng, Ming Dynasty. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confucius_Lao-tzu_and_Buddhist_Arhat_by_Ding_Yunpeng.jpg
Buddhism
- The goal of life is to achieve
enlightenment
and escape from the cycle of
reincarnation
by
giving up all desire
- The material world does not exist
- All things in the universe are part of a single spirit
- One should devote their life to
meditation
and trying to give up all selfish desire
Confucianism
-
Society can reach harmony through order
if people obey their parents and authority figures
- One should
act
properly
according
to their place in society
- The spirits of
ancestor
s can influence the living, so we should
worship
them
Daoism
-
Dao
(translated as “the way,” “path,” or “principle”) is the source of and
force behind everything that exists
; some call it “the flow of the universe”
- Stress “
naturalness
,” simplicity, compassion, moderation, and humility
-
Nature is harmoniou
s and when one disturbs it, they create dis-harmony
Slide53Why was Buddhism considered “an unwanted foreign influence?”
The Mongols promoted Buddhism during the Yuan Dynasty
Slide54Historical Context
From the fall of the Han Dynasty (220
CE)
to the founding of the Ming Dynasty (1368), Daoist and Buddhist ideas competed with traditional Chinese Confucianism for dominance in the government and the minds of the people of China.
Han Dynasty
Confucianism
before Mongols
Daoism & Buddhism
Mongols
(Yuan Dynasty)
Buddhism
As a result of the disagreements over whether
Buddhism
,
Confucianism
, or
Daoism
should influence life and government,
NEO-CONFUCIANISM
was born....
NEO = NEW + CONFUCIANISM = NEW CONFUCIANISM
Slide55Neo-Confucianism
Zhu Xi
(1130-1200)- Most important Neo-Confucian scholar from the Song Dynasty
Two ideas explain the existence of life:
Li- “the principle” the underlying energy that is the essence of life
Qi- the material form of li that we see around us that forms earth, rocks, and air
To live a fulfilled and harmonious life, one needs to participate in their community and improve themselves through education
Respect for elders and those with more authority according to Confucius’ Five Relationships will lead to harmony in society
Slide56What impact did Neo-Confucianism have on the Ming Dynasty
?
(Education)
The
civil service examination
system and school curriculum was based upon the
Confucian
classics.
In
imperial times educational opportunities were far more
restricted
for
girls
and women
than were for boys. Some girls did get an education, but this was a minority.
Slide57What impact did Neo-Confucianism have on the Ming Dynasty
?
(Education)
Other important impacts
(not in packet)
The
civil service examination system was an important vehicle of social mobility in imperial China.
Even a youth from the poorest family could theoretically join the ranks of the educated elite by succeeding in the examination system
Slide58What impact did Neo-Confucianism have on the Ming Dynasty
?
(Isolation)
The Chinese elite looked
down
upon
Europeans
and other
foreigners
.
Ethnocentric
belief that foreigners lacked the civilized ways of the “
Middle Kingdom” or China.
In the 1500s, the Ming emperors decided to keep foreigners out and the Chinese in. Isolation kept the Chinese from learning exciting new things happening elsewhere and isolation caused it to fall behind.
Slide59The Ottomans
Suleymaniye
Mosque
Istanbul
Slide60Crusades Review
What
sparked the Crusades?
The desire to defend the Byzantine empire from the Turks
.
The desire to take control of
Jerusalem/the Holy Land
away from Muslims.
How
did the Crusades affect the relationship between Christians and Muslims
?
Increase in bitterness and hatred
Slide61Slide62Based on this
map,
why was Constantinople so important to the Ottomans?
Slide63Europe
Africa
Asia
Slide64The Ottoman Turks, a people from Central Asia, became rulers of the Islamic world in the 13th century. In 1453, they succeeded in capturing Constantinople; capital of what remained of the Byzantine Empire, which they renamed Istanbul. The Ottomans also conquered Egypt and North Africa, re-uniting the Muslim world under their rule except for Persia and Afghanistan. By the mid-1500s, under the leadership of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was the largest in the world
.
At the heart of the Ottoman system of government was the Sultan or ruler and his court in Istanbul. Under the Sultan’s rule, the Ottoman Empire was well-organized and efficiently governed. The Sultan controlled his entire empire as an all-powerful ruler. However, the Ottomans did recognize cultural diversity by letting Christian and Jewish communities largely govern themselves. Ottoman control over the crossroads of trade promoted prosperity and stability for several centuries.
Slide65The Ottomans
1: Who were the Ottoman Turks and what did they do
?
A:
P
eople
from Central Asia, became rulers of the Islamic world
2: What happened to Constantinople in 1453
?
A: It was renamed Istanbul after it was captured by the Ottomans
3: Why was the region controlled by the Ottomans considered a crossroads of trade
?
A: Center between trade going from Asia to Europe
Slide66Suleiman
1520-1566:
The Ottoman Empire had a golden age under the sultan named
Suleiman
. The Ottomans called Suleiman “The Lawgiver” and Europeans called him “The Magnificent.” Suleiman also developed laws and enforced the Islamic law of sharia. Suleiman had several accomplishments:
Slide67Suleiman
Took
on bold
military
campaigns that
increased
the amount of territory controlled by the Ottomans
Increased
naval
strength which allowed them to conquer parts of North
Africa.
Slide68Suleiman
Oversaw achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of
law
, literature,
art
, and
architecture
Slide69Suleiman
Built
strong
fortresses
to defend his territories.
Adorned
and modernized the cities of the Islamic world (including
Mecca
, Damascus, and Baghdad) with
mosques
, bridges,
aqueducts
, and other public works.
Slide70Slide71Millets
Under Suleiman there were communities called millets. A millet is an Ottoman Turkish term for a legally protected religious minority like Jews or Christians. Each millet was under the supervision of a leader, most often a religious leader, who reported directly to the Ottoman Sultan. The millets set their own laws and collected and distributed their own taxes. There main requirement was that they remained loyal to the Empire. The millets allowed religious freedom and this prevented from resisting Ottoman rule.
Slide72Janissaries
The Janissaries were the Ottoman sultan's household troops and bodyguard. The force began in the fourteenth century and were made up of non-Muslim boys often captured in war. The Ottoman Empire used Janissaries in all its major campaigns, including the 1453 capture of Constantinople, the defeat of the Egyptian
Mamluks
and wars against Hungary and Austria. The janissaries were always led by the Sultan himself. The Janissaries wore uniforms and marched to distinctive music, the
Mehter
, similar to a modern marching band. They were paid quarterly in cash as regular soldiers. The janissaries were first full-time, trained standing army since the days of the Roman Empire. The creation of standing armies in Europe may well have been inspired by the success of the Janissary corps.
Slide73According to the image and text, how did Suleiman consolidate and maintain power?
Record your response in your packet and be prepared to share it with the class.
Slide74Muslims, Christians, Jews
Europe and Asia
Asia
Muslims, Christians, Jews
“Magnificent”
Increased contact through trade
Isolated- wanted to get rid of Europeans
Ethnocentric-
Middle Kingdom