An average adult human contains about 5 liters 53qt of blood The blood makes up about onethirteenth of the bodys weight The adult heart weighs about 280 grams 10 oz At rest the heart pumps out about 80 millimeters ID: 780399
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Slide1
THE HEART <3
Slide2Slide3Slide4BLOOD AND THE HEART FUN FACTS♦ An average adult human containsabout 5 liters (5.3qt) of blood.♦ The blood makes up about onethirteenth
of the body’s weight.
♦ The adult heart weighs about 280 grams (10 oz.)
♦ At rest, the heart pumps out about 80 millimeters
(2.6 oz) of blood with each beat.♦ The heart beats, on average, 70 times each
minute at rest.♦ This means all the blood is circulated (goesround the body once) in about one minute.♦ During strenuous exercise the heart can pump
six to eight times the amount of blood that it
pumps at rest.
Slide5Superior vena cava andinferior vena cava – bringdeoxygenated blood toright atrium
Pulmonary artery – takes
blood away from right
ventricle to the lungs for
O2 Pulmonary veins – bring oxygenated blood
from lungs to left atriumAorta – takes blood away from left ventricle torest of the body
Slide6Chambers and Valves• SEPTUM divides into R and L halves• Upper chambers – RIGHT ATRIUM and LEFT ATRIUM• Lower chambers – RIGHT VENTRICLE and LEFT VENTRICLE
• Four heart valves permit flow of blood in one direction
Slide7-TRICUSPID VALVE – between right atrium andright ventricle
-BICUSPID
(MITRAL) VALVE – between left atrium
and left
ventricle-Semilunar valves are located where blood leaves
the heart - PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVEand AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE
Slide88The right side receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and tissues and then pumps it to the lungs to pick up oxygen and dispel carbon dioxide
Its left side receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pumps this blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues
The heart=a muscular double pump with 2 functions
Slide99Two
circulations
Systemic
circuit: blood vessels that transport blood to and from all the body
tissues
Pulmonary circuit: blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs
Slide1010Chambers of the heartsides are labeled in reference to the patient facing you
Two atria
Right atrium
Left atrium
Two ventricles
Right ventricleLeft ventricle
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slide1111Valves
three:
tricuspid
one:
bicuspid
“Tricuspid” valve
RA to RV
Pulmonary
valve
RV to pulmonary trunk (branches R and L)
Bicuspid
valve (the bicuspid one)
LA to LV
Aortic valve
LV to aorta
(cusp means flap)
Slide1212Function of AV valves
Slide1313Function of semilunar valves
(Aortic and pulmonic valves
)
Slide14Meet the Hearthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi1JK6IYVt8
Slide1515Pattern of flow
(simple to more detailed)
Body
RA
RV
LungsLALVBoby
Body to right heart to lungs to
left heart to body
Body, then via vena
cavas
and coronary sinus to RA, to RV, then to lungs via pulmonary arteries, then to LA via pulmonary veins, to LV, then to body via aorta
From body via SVC, IVC & coronary sinus to RA; then to RV through tricuspid valve; to lungs through pulmonic valve and via pulmonary arteries; to LA via pulmonary veins; to LV through mitral valve; to body via aortic valve then aorta
LEARN THIS
Slide16PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEARTThe heart is a double pump. When the heartbeats…Right HeartDeoxygenated blood flows into heart from vena
Cava ---right atrium ---tricuspid valve--- right
ventricle --pulmonary semilunar valve---
pulmonary artery ---lungs (for oxygen)
Left HeartOxygenated blood flows from lungs via pulmonary
Veins--- left atrium--- mitral valve--- left ventricle---aortic semilunar valve--- aorta --- generalcirculation (to deliver oxygen)
Slide17Control of Heart ContractionsSA (sinoatrial) NODE = PACEMAKER• Located in right atrium
• SA node sends out electrical impulse
• Impulse spreads over atria, making them
contract
• Travels to AV NodeAV (atrioventricular
) NODE• Conducting cell group between atria andventricle• Carries impulse to bundle of HisBUNDLE OF HIS
• Conducting fibers in septum
• Divides into R and L branches to network of
branches in ventricles (Purkinje fibers)
PURKINJE FIBERS
• Impulse shoots along Purkinje fibers causing
ventricles to contract
Slide18Flow Through the Hearthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60
Slide19SA Node
Sinalarterial node
“Pacemaker”
AV Node
Atrioventricular node
Allows impulse to cross
into ventricles
Bundle of His
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
Heart Contraction
Slide20Heart Contraction Flow ChartSA
Node fires
↓
Impulse spreads across atria
↓
Atria depolarizes↓Atria contract (lub)
↓
Blood is pumped to the ventricles
↓
AV Node receives impulse from SA Node
↓
Impulse passes through bundle of His
↓
Impulse passes through Purkinje fibers
↓
Ventricles depolarize and contract (dub)
↓
Blood is pumped into the lungs and out to the body
Slide2121Electrical conduction system:
(Explanation in next slides)
specialized cardiac muscle cells that carry impulses throughout the heart musculature, signaling the chambers to contract in the proper sequence
Slide2222Conduction system
SA node (sinoatrial)
In wall of RA
Sets basic rate: 70-80
Is the normal pacemaker
Impulse from SA to atria
Impulse also to AV node via
internodal
pathway
AV node
In
interatrial
septum
Slide2323Conduction continued
SA node through AV bundle (bundle of His)
Into interventricular septum
Divides
R and L bundle branches
become
subendocardial
branches (“Purkinje
fibers”)
Contraction begins
at apex
Slide2424Slide25EKG→ measures heart electricityP
Wave→ Atria
contract & Depolarize
PQ Interval→ Impulse is passing through the bundle of His to the Purkinje fibers
QRS Wave→ Ventricles depolarize and contract
T Wave→ Ventricles repolarize
Slide26Cardiac CycleBlood enters the atria through the vena cava (R) and the Pulmonary vein (L)
↓
Atria will contract
↓
Blood is pushed through the AV valves into the ventricles
↓Ventricles contract and AV valves close↓
Blood is pushed though the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves into the pulmonary trunk and the aorta
↓
Ventricles relax and valves
close
http://faculty.alverno.edu/bowneps/cardiaccycle/cardiaccycle1map.htm