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Chito   P.  Medina,   Ph.D. Chito   P.  Medina,   Ph.D.

Chito P. Medina, Ph.D. - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chito P. Medina, Ph.D. - PPT Presentation

National Coordinator MASIPAG httpwwwmasipagorg NGO representative National Organic Agriculture Board NOAB Sustainable Agriculture Practices and How Farmerto Farmer Network Works 2 The new hunting ground is not the best ID: 790549

farmer rice wag del rice farmer del wag sur elon masipag farmers m11 norte red varieties ag5 m36 m45

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Slide1

Chito P. Medina, Ph.D.National Coordinator, MASIPAGhttp://www.masipag.orgNGO representative., National Organic Agriculture Board (NOAB)

Sustainable Agriculture Practices and How Farmer-to- Farmer Network Works

Slide2

2The new hunting ground is not the best…

Slide3

Low supply Yield decline Climate Change Market speculation / FuturesHigh DemandHunger

Poverty

Injustice and Misery

High Prices

Land conversion

Peak Oil

Land grabbing

GMOs

Slide4

BIGAS(Rice) Conference, 1985Failure of Green Revolution:Loss of local varietiesMore inputs, higher costsMore pests, new biotypesInfertile soilsDegraded environmentPoisoning >>Farmers “forgot how to grow rice” = Farmers’ greater indebtedness, rural poverty

Slide5

The Beginnings: Farmers Victims of social injustice Complained of the direct effects and impacts of the green revolution Pushed the implementation of an alternative farming system Willingness to participate, help, and lead

Slide6

MASIPAG Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura (Farmer-Scientist Partnership for Development):organized in 1986 as partnership between farmers , scientists and NGOs as alternative approach to the Green revolutionGoal: Empower resource-poor farmers through access and control of production resources (seeds, technology, land)

Slide7

Farmer-Scientist Partnership: The MASIPAG ExperiencePartners:Farmers, through their organizations (wealth of experience)Non-Government Organizations (organizing skills)Scientists (experimentation skills)

Slide8

Empowerment of farmers through:Farmers’ control of seedsFarmers’ control of technologyFarmers’ control of other resourcesShared leadership in organizationsMastery in technology generationArticulation of needs and pursuit of aspirations

Slide9

Strategies

Slide10

Diversified-Integrated Farming System (DIFS)Farmer-developed / adapted technologyNetwork StrengtheningLocal Processing and MarketingAdvocacyProgramsCollection, Identification, Maintenance, Multiplication and Evaluation (CIMME)Breeding (Rice, Corn, Livestock)Soil Fertility ManagementAlternative Pest Management (APM)

Slide11

Strategic Role of Farmers’ Organization  Effective coordination, multiplier  Planning and decision making  Mutual support  Ensure diffusion of benefits  Sustainability of activities

Slide12

MASIPAG Farmers’ Organizations (PO)  Luzon: 90 POsNueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 9, Zambales: 7, Camarines Sur: 16, Occidental Mindoro: 1, Nueva Viscaya: 11, Isabela: 6, Cagayan: 2, Quezon: 7, Pampanga: 1; Rizal: 1; Abra: 2; Kalinga/Apayao: 3; Laguna: 1; Palawan: 4, Ilocos Norte: 1, Albay: 1, La Union: 1 Visayas: 174 POsNegros Occidental: 95,

Iloï

lo: 18, Antique: 13, Aklan

: 12, Leyte: 7, Bohol: 1; Capiz

: 12; Southern Leyte: 16; E. Samar: 2; N. Samar: 6 

Mindanao: 390 POs

Agusan

del Norte: 34;

Agusan

Sur: 35;

Bukidnon

: 26;

Compostela

Valley: 1; Davao City: 39; Davao Norte: 29; Davao Oriental: 16; Davao del Sur: 9;

Lanao

del Norte: 11;

Lanao

del Sur: 4;

Maguindanao

: 10;

Misamis

Occidental: 18;

Misamis

oriental: 14; North

Cotabato

: 16;

Saranggani

: 2; South

Cotabato

: 6; Sultan

Kudarat

: 11;

Surigao Norte: 7;

Surigao Sur: 13; Zamboanga del Norte: 24;

Zamboanga

Sibugay

: 15;

Zamboanga

del Sur: 50

Masipag

in 49 Provinces

Slide13

Members Undergo the Following Process: Organizing  Sustainable Agriculture orientation Establish a trial farm -monitor agronomic characters -conduct field day -select locally adapted Thematic trainingsDiffusion between farmers and between POs

Slide14

Training: Level 1 - Basic orientation on Sustainable Agric. (Global, national, and local situation of food and agriculture, the green and gene revolutions, Masipag as an alternative) Level 2 - Soil Fertility Management (SFM) - Breeding (rice, corn, chicken) - Alternative Pest Management (APM) - Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS) - Masipag Farmer Guarantee System (MFGS) Level 3 (Trainor’s training)

Slide15

Diffusion through People’s OrganizationsFarmers / LGUTrial FarmObserve / CharacterizeOrganizationTrainingNew TechnologyNew Selection

Field Day /Advocacy

Interested

Orientation

Increased Yield, Improved Income

Breeding

Locally Adapted Variety

Organize

Other Farmers

Experiment

Slide16

A. Seed Conservation and Diffusion1. Farmers collect rice varieties (CIMME) >Collection, Identification, Multiplication, Maintenance, Evaluation)2. Farmers organize and given SA orientation3. Establish a trial farm (laboratory cum seed bank) -monitor agronomic characters -conduct field day -select locally adapted4. Farmers’ training5. Do Breeding and further selection6. Diffusion of seeds and knowledge among farmers

Slide17

Collection, development and use of TRVs:1,105 Traditional Rice Varieties collected 1,085 Masipag rice developed506 Farmer-bred selections75 Native corn varieties6 native chicken gene pool

Slide18

Masipag Rice conservation and Seed support system NationalBack-up Farm2,160 rice varieties & SelectionsRegional (2), Provincial (9) Back-up farms 300 to 1,200 rice varieties & selectionsPO-managed Trial farms (223)At least 50 varieties per TF

Verification farms

6 to 24 varieties

Farm Production

At least 3 varieties

Slide19

B. Rice Breeding by Farmers 67 farmer-breeders  506 rice developed

Slide20

C. Role of Farmer- managed Trial Farm  Farmers’ laboratory  Develop site-specific varieties  Develop site-specific technology  Seed bank  Creative organizing  Advocacy

Slide21

Luzon (83):Nueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 2, Zambales:1, Camarines Sur: 13, Occidental Mindoro: 10, Nueva Viscaya: 9, Isabela: 18, Cagayan: 1, Quezon: 14, Pampanga: 1; Antipolo: 2; Abra: 2, Ilocos Norte: 1, La Union: 1Visayas (81):Negros Occidental: 29, Negros Oriental: 1, Iloïlo: 10, Antique: 17, Aklan: 1, Cebu: 2, Leyte: 10, Bohol: 1; Capiz: 5; Eastern Samar: 5Mindanao (61):North Cotabato: 5, Agusan del Norte: 1; Davao City: 1, Davao del Sur: 1; Lanao Norte: 2, Zamboanga del Sur: 3, Zamboanga del Norte: 15; Misamis Oriental: 1, Bukidnon: 6; Compostela Valley: 1; Maguindanao: 3; South Cotabato: 3; Sultan Kudarat

: 2; Surigao del Norte: 5; Zamboanga Sibugay

: 11

Farmer-Managed Trial Farms in 49 Provinces

Slide22

Cagayan – Elon-elon, Ag 5, M8-3-1, M35-1-1, M45-1, M69-4-1 Locally Adapted MASIPAG Rice and TRVs Kalinga – Onay Nueva Vizcaya – Pinili, Hinomay, Valentino, Ag 19, M11-20, M3-6, M109, M5-6, M45, M90, M11-20SG, M5-1, M30-1, M135-1, M19, 102 Nueva Ecija - Wag-wag Aga, Senador, AG5, AG10, Abra white, C22, M115-R, M146-1, M4-3-1, M45-1, M21-2-B2, M104-2R, M108-1R, M35-4-1, M69-2-2, M5-BD-2, M130-3, M48-1-1, M11-5-1, M86-3-1, M21, M11, M69, M5B2, M30, M45, M36-4-2, M4-3-1

Aurora – Elon-elon, Camoros, Sampaguita, Wag-wag Aga, Palawan, Raminad, Londan-honay, Galo, Ag 5, Ag 17, Kadali, Ag 27, White Borong, Fortuna, M21, M6-11-1, M3, M4, M35

Laguna

– Wag-wag Aga, Sampaguita, BS Nagkarlan, Africa, M5-AS, M8-2-1, M62-1-2, M45, M5-B-2, M13-1-1, M13-1-1B, M36-4-1, M30-10-1B, M4-3-1, M3-2-1, M10-2-1

Quezon

– AG17, AG5, M41, M35, M12-21

Camarines Sur

– AG24, Elon-elon, M5-A, M48, M70, M102, M103, M106, M107, M110, M112, M128, M131, M143

Agusan del Norte

- Palay Damo, AG5, AG10, Sta. Maria, San pablo, Carandang, Bengawan, Jap 1, Tapol 1, India, M5-AS, M117, M11-20-1, M11-20-B2, M4-4B, M5C, MC14-2R, M87-W, M6-14-1-1

Surigao del Sur

– San Pablo, M2-1-1, M5-BD, M13-2-1B, M3-4-1, M93-1

Davao del Norte

– AG5, Layong Mabilog, Cicadiz, Sampaguita, Milagrosa, Hinumay, Malagkit, Tinangi, Bogret, Camoros, San Pablo, Red Wag-wag, Wag-wag Aga, M35, 4-11-90, M21-4-1, M58, M50, M59, M75-1, M4-4-B2

Davao del Sur

– AG5, M117-3, M15-12-1, M117, M95-5, M5-AS

Pangasinan

– Lamyung, Bulik, Mogen, Cinamon, , Pandan, Sampaguita, Parirutong, India, Resco, Imp. Milagrosa, C22, M45, M3-4-1-2, M69-2-1, M120-4, M10-2-2-5, M44-3, M4-B1, M5-B1, M40-2-2, M44-1, M140-2, M8-3-1

Oriental Mindoro

– Elon-elon, Ka Luis, AG5, GV3, M13, XO, M97, M11, M45-1

Aklan

– Imp. Camoros, M45-1, M15-12-1, M11-5-1, M31-37-B4, M21-b1-1, M76-4-1, M2-1-1, M5-CS, M125-2, M140-1, M13-2-1B, M5-A1, M11-5-1, M36-2-1

Antique

– AG5, AG10, 16-70D, San Pablo, Minantika, Red Rice, M5-BD, M5-CS, M21-B3, M21-B1-1, M21-37-B4, M36-1, M36-3, M36-4-1, M62-1-1, M104-2, M139-2

Negros Occidental

– Wag-wag, AG10, AG5, Binangan, Dinorado, Fortuna, Imp. Borong, Imp. Milagrosa, Inuwak, Macan, Red Borong, Sampaguita, White Borong, Zambales, 2R-IN, 90D-42, 90D-43, 90D-44 Bugana Rice, GL1-8-1, GL4-5-5, GL4-9, M10-2-1, M104-1R, M11-20-1, M117-1R, M127-3, M13-2, M133-1, M139-1, M15-12-1, M20-1, M21-37-B4, M22-2-1, M36-1, M36-4-1, M4-4B, M5-BD, M50-1-1, M50-2, M5-AS, M62-1-1, M62-1-2, M6-6, M69-3-1, M8-2-1, M8-3-1, M90-2, M90-LG, MV4-4, Mv4-8

Zamboanga del Sur

– White Bengawan, Red Elon-elon, Red Wag-wag, AG5, AG17, C35, M101-1-1, M112-4, M115-6, M76-3-1, M8-1-1-2, M86-4-1, M97-2-1, M35-1-4-1, M97-ES, M5-AS, M15-12

Lanao del Norte

– Ala, Wag-wag Aga, Sulig, Hinumay, AG5, M15-12-1, M19, M68, M91, M86-4-1, M109, M117-1-1R, M108-1R, M36-2, M86-4-1, M8-3-1

North Cotabato

– C21, Moguama Africa, Nagdami, Vahari, Vadani, BS Nagkarlan, Maligaya Rice, Pinitumpo, AG5, Puro-puro, San pablo, Tinagi, M35-1-2-1, M67-2-1, M5-BD, M26-4-1, M115-1A, M108-1R, M5-C3, M5-CS, M4-4B, M36-4-1, M14-1-1, M11-6-1, M123-2, M129-1, M10-2-2-5, M11-20-1, M11-6-1, M30-10-1B, M36-4, M-AS, M5-B2, M94-4-1,, M11-6-1, M126-1-2, M13-21B, M131-1, M146-1, 21-2-B2, M15-12-1

South Cotabato

– San Pablo, AG5, M2, M3-1-1, M5-CS

Bukidnon

– Lubang, C18, Senador, Wag-wag Aga, Bengawan Puti, red Elon-elon, Red Borong, AG24, Bogret, Makagina, Mamintana, Pungko, Sologanon, SP Red, Sta. Maria, Sto. Niño, Sulig, AG5, Maligaya Rice, AG10, Puro-puro, Red Binato, M5-BD, C11-4, Dong Red, M76-1, M94, M15-12-1, M3-4-1, M35-3-1, M51-1-1, M51-2, M5-C, M70-1W, M75-1, M86-1, M90-LG, M93-1

Iloilo

- Kagingi, Imp. Camoros, Malido, Lubang, Inuwak, red Borong, M15-12-1R, M10-2-1

Capiz

– Libtong Mal, Milagrosa, Kadidit, Ag 23, M16-3, M115-1R, M114-4

Zambales

-, Fortuna, Pandan, Japanese 3, C21, M45, M11R

Bohol -

Melobina, Maragay, Ag 5, Magsanaya, M148-1, SKK

Slide23

Characteristic / AdaptationTraditional rice varietiesMasipag rice

High tillering capacity

-

42

Good ratooning ability

-

24

Low fertility soils

12

36

Drought tolerance

8

9

Saltwater tolerance

7

12

Flooding tolerance

1

7

Pest/disease resistance

6

17

Red / Black/Violet

152

79

Number of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) and Masipag rice with desired characteristics.

RESULTS:

Slide24

Flood tolerant – M116-2, M115-1R, M160-1, M45-1, PBB 401 Flood tolerant – JDC 3 , JDC8, Dalagang Bukid Salt water tolerant – Jasmine, Kanoni, Elon-elon, Makaginga, Binulawan Drought tolerant – Elon-elon, San Vicente, Palawan, M160-1

Drought tolerant – M4-3-1,

Hinumay

Salt Water tolerant–

Loreto, Binulungan,

M115-1R, M45-1

Drought tolerant –

Red Borong, Zambales

MLD 4-1

Legends:

Farmer-bred lines

Traditional rice varieties

MASIPAG Selections

Solano, Nueva Vizcaya

Calabanga, Cam Sur

Bato, Cam Sur

Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur

Malng, North Cotabato

Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani

Alimodian, Iloilo

Libagon, Southern Leyte

Drought tolerant –

M148-2, M394-1, M51-2, M177-3, M74-1

Batbatngon, Leyte

Drought tolerantt –

Senador, Hubanib

Patnongon, Antique

Drought tolerant –

M6-14-1R

Climate Change-ready varieties

Slide25

Green manureCompost,VermicompostSoil Fertility ManagementD. Soil Fertility ManagementFermented Plant Juice,Fish Amino Acid,Indigenous microorganisms

Slide26

Soil fertilityE. Alternative Pest Management Farm Management Practices Soil nutrient management Method and time of planting Crop and Varietal Water management Diversification Crop rotation Maintain Insect Pest,Pathogen, Ecological Weed Balance Technology Development by Farmers

Slide27

F. Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS)Diversification is insurance against stochastic events > 3-5 varieties of rice per farmer > Diversification in time (crop rotation) > Diversification in space (vertical space, horizontal space) > Diversification by use > Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS) = a farm plan is needed

Slide28

DIFS: more sources, more food, more income

Slide29

DIFS and multifunctionalityMaintain stock resources in the FarmLivestock: Bank in the backyard ! Ducks: Natural pest control

Slide30

G. Poultry Gene Pool and Development Nine PO managed chicken gene pool

Slide31

No Regrets Adaptation to Climate change: Cultivation of survival crops:Tuber crops are food insurance (sweet potato, cassava, taro, yam)Resilient crops (banana)Sturdy crops (coconut) > non-traditional food crops and animalsDrought tolerant (sorghum, pigeon pea)

Slide32

Carabao driven rotary used in rice farming by Abraham of Sultan KudaratH. Farmer-developed and Adapted technologiesPangi leaves used as botanical pest control by Doming of Zamboanga del Sur

Slide33

Organic farming for rural developmentOrganic farming: use resources within the farm > Green Manuring (biofertilizers) > Crop and animal wastes (as organic fertilizers) > Vermicomposting > Companion crops>>> reduces farmers’ economic exposure to risks (less production costs)

Slide34

34Reduce vulnerability through farmer-based adaptive strategiesDiversification > 3-5 varieties of rice per farmer > Diversified and Integrated Farming Systems > Tuber crops (food insurance) > non-traditional food crops and animals > Green Manuring (biofertilizers) > Livestock (bank in the backyard) > Medicinal plants (pharmacy in the backyard)

Slide35

I. Local marketing of organic productsMASIPAG Farmers’ Guarantee System: Organic standards Internal quality control Product and market development Processing facilities Management capacity bldg.

Slide36

J. AdvocacyAdvocacy against development aggression: -GMOs, patenting of life, corporate control -Mining -Aerial spraying -Land grabbing and land conversion -BiofuelsAdvocacy in favor of: - agrarian reform - susag/organic ag and food security >> practical work is our best advocacy

Slide37

Improved Income:Net agricultural income per hectare, 2007 (Pesos)Masipag OrganicMasipag In ConversionChemical Faming

Luzon

24,412**

18,991**

13,403**

Visayas

22,868**

16,039**

13,728**

Mindanao

Average

23,715

ns

23,599***

17,362

ns

17,457***

19,588

ns

15,643***

** = highly significant differences

*** = very highly significant differences

Ns = no significant difference

Slide38

MASIPAG, after 26 years:  As organization and network: 635 Peoples Organizations; 35,000+ farmers 60 Non-Government Organizations 15 Scientist-partners 67 farmer rice breeders; 12 corn breeders 100+ volunteer farmer-trainers On-farm research resources223 PO-managed trial farms +10 back-up9 PO-managed native chicken gene pools

 Active in 49 provinces

Slide39

Summary MASIPAG works on:Farmers’ Empowerment Biodiversity conservation Sustainable agriculture and farming Organic production and marketing Food security and Poverty alleviation Coping mechanism to climate change >> Not Green or Gene revolution but “Farmer revolution”>> A partnership, a network, a philosophy and a way of life

Slide40

Some Lessons in Participatory Research Agricultural problems have technological as well as non-technological solutions Certain degree of trust and confidence building as well as leveling-off is needed R & D should be farmer-centered, not project-, discipline-, scientist-, agency-, or NGO-centered Need-driven, not fund driven

Slide41

Some Lessons in Participatory Research Farmers’ counterparting and no dole-outs should be observed Sense of ownership by the farmers should be inculcated Organization has multiplier and sustainability effect Change and development should only be as fast as the farmers can assimilate

Slide42

Source: Barefoot Guide to Organizations

Slide43

The paths are not to be found, but made And the activity of making them Changes both the maker and the destination. John SchaarWanderer, your footsteps are on the road, Wanderer, there is no road, The road is made by walking. Antonio MachadoThank you for your attention.