National Coordinator MASIPAG httpwwwmasipagorg NGO representative National Organic Agriculture Board NOAB Sustainable Agriculture Practices and How Farmerto Farmer Network Works 2 The new hunting ground is not the best ID: 790549
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Slide1
Chito P. Medina, Ph.D.National Coordinator, MASIPAGhttp://www.masipag.orgNGO representative., National Organic Agriculture Board (NOAB)
Sustainable Agriculture Practices and How Farmer-to- Farmer Network Works
Slide22The new hunting ground is not the best…
Slide3Low supply Yield decline Climate Change Market speculation / FuturesHigh DemandHunger
Poverty
Injustice and Misery
High Prices
Land conversion
Peak Oil
Land grabbing
GMOs
Slide4BIGAS(Rice) Conference, 1985Failure of Green Revolution:Loss of local varietiesMore inputs, higher costsMore pests, new biotypesInfertile soilsDegraded environmentPoisoning >>Farmers “forgot how to grow rice” = Farmers’ greater indebtedness, rural poverty
Slide5The Beginnings: Farmers Victims of social injustice Complained of the direct effects and impacts of the green revolution Pushed the implementation of an alternative farming system Willingness to participate, help, and lead
Slide6MASIPAG Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura (Farmer-Scientist Partnership for Development):organized in 1986 as partnership between farmers , scientists and NGOs as alternative approach to the Green revolutionGoal: Empower resource-poor farmers through access and control of production resources (seeds, technology, land)
Slide7Farmer-Scientist Partnership: The MASIPAG ExperiencePartners:Farmers, through their organizations (wealth of experience)Non-Government Organizations (organizing skills)Scientists (experimentation skills)
Slide8Empowerment of farmers through:Farmers’ control of seedsFarmers’ control of technologyFarmers’ control of other resourcesShared leadership in organizationsMastery in technology generationArticulation of needs and pursuit of aspirations
Slide9Strategies
Slide10Diversified-Integrated Farming System (DIFS)Farmer-developed / adapted technologyNetwork StrengtheningLocal Processing and MarketingAdvocacyProgramsCollection, Identification, Maintenance, Multiplication and Evaluation (CIMME)Breeding (Rice, Corn, Livestock)Soil Fertility ManagementAlternative Pest Management (APM)
Slide11Strategic Role of Farmers’ Organization Effective coordination, multiplier Planning and decision making Mutual support Ensure diffusion of benefits Sustainability of activities
Slide12MASIPAG Farmers’ Organizations (PO) Luzon: 90 POsNueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 9, Zambales: 7, Camarines Sur: 16, Occidental Mindoro: 1, Nueva Viscaya: 11, Isabela: 6, Cagayan: 2, Quezon: 7, Pampanga: 1; Rizal: 1; Abra: 2; Kalinga/Apayao: 3; Laguna: 1; Palawan: 4, Ilocos Norte: 1, Albay: 1, La Union: 1 Visayas: 174 POsNegros Occidental: 95,
Iloï
lo: 18, Antique: 13, Aklan
: 12, Leyte: 7, Bohol: 1; Capiz
: 12; Southern Leyte: 16; E. Samar: 2; N. Samar: 6
Mindanao: 390 POs
Agusan
del Norte: 34;
Agusan
Sur: 35;
Bukidnon
: 26;
Compostela
Valley: 1; Davao City: 39; Davao Norte: 29; Davao Oriental: 16; Davao del Sur: 9;
Lanao
del Norte: 11;
Lanao
del Sur: 4;
Maguindanao
: 10;
Misamis
Occidental: 18;
Misamis
oriental: 14; North
Cotabato
: 16;
Saranggani
: 2; South
Cotabato
: 6; Sultan
Kudarat
: 11;
Surigao Norte: 7;
Surigao Sur: 13; Zamboanga del Norte: 24;
Zamboanga
Sibugay
: 15;
Zamboanga
del Sur: 50
Masipag
in 49 Provinces
Slide13Members Undergo the Following Process: Organizing Sustainable Agriculture orientation Establish a trial farm -monitor agronomic characters -conduct field day -select locally adapted Thematic trainingsDiffusion between farmers and between POs
Slide14Training: Level 1 - Basic orientation on Sustainable Agric. (Global, national, and local situation of food and agriculture, the green and gene revolutions, Masipag as an alternative) Level 2 - Soil Fertility Management (SFM) - Breeding (rice, corn, chicken) - Alternative Pest Management (APM) - Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS) - Masipag Farmer Guarantee System (MFGS) Level 3 (Trainor’s training)
Slide15Diffusion through People’s OrganizationsFarmers / LGUTrial FarmObserve / CharacterizeOrganizationTrainingNew TechnologyNew Selection
Field Day /Advocacy
Interested
Orientation
Increased Yield, Improved Income
Breeding
Locally Adapted Variety
Organize
Other Farmers
Experiment
Slide16A. Seed Conservation and Diffusion1. Farmers collect rice varieties (CIMME) >Collection, Identification, Multiplication, Maintenance, Evaluation)2. Farmers organize and given SA orientation3. Establish a trial farm (laboratory cum seed bank) -monitor agronomic characters -conduct field day -select locally adapted4. Farmers’ training5. Do Breeding and further selection6. Diffusion of seeds and knowledge among farmers
Slide17Collection, development and use of TRVs:1,105 Traditional Rice Varieties collected 1,085 Masipag rice developed506 Farmer-bred selections75 Native corn varieties6 native chicken gene pool
Slide18Masipag Rice conservation and Seed support system NationalBack-up Farm2,160 rice varieties & SelectionsRegional (2), Provincial (9) Back-up farms 300 to 1,200 rice varieties & selectionsPO-managed Trial farms (223)At least 50 varieties per TF
Verification farms
6 to 24 varieties
Farm Production
At least 3 varieties
Slide19B. Rice Breeding by Farmers 67 farmer-breeders 506 rice developed
Slide20C. Role of Farmer- managed Trial Farm Farmers’ laboratory Develop site-specific varieties Develop site-specific technology Seed bank Creative organizing Advocacy
Slide21Luzon (83):Nueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 2, Zambales:1, Camarines Sur: 13, Occidental Mindoro: 10, Nueva Viscaya: 9, Isabela: 18, Cagayan: 1, Quezon: 14, Pampanga: 1; Antipolo: 2; Abra: 2, Ilocos Norte: 1, La Union: 1Visayas (81):Negros Occidental: 29, Negros Oriental: 1, Iloïlo: 10, Antique: 17, Aklan: 1, Cebu: 2, Leyte: 10, Bohol: 1; Capiz: 5; Eastern Samar: 5Mindanao (61):North Cotabato: 5, Agusan del Norte: 1; Davao City: 1, Davao del Sur: 1; Lanao Norte: 2, Zamboanga del Sur: 3, Zamboanga del Norte: 15; Misamis Oriental: 1, Bukidnon: 6; Compostela Valley: 1; Maguindanao: 3; South Cotabato: 3; Sultan Kudarat
: 2; Surigao del Norte: 5; Zamboanga Sibugay
: 11
Farmer-Managed Trial Farms in 49 Provinces
Slide22Cagayan – Elon-elon, Ag 5, M8-3-1, M35-1-1, M45-1, M69-4-1 Locally Adapted MASIPAG Rice and TRVs Kalinga – Onay Nueva Vizcaya – Pinili, Hinomay, Valentino, Ag 19, M11-20, M3-6, M109, M5-6, M45, M90, M11-20SG, M5-1, M30-1, M135-1, M19, 102 Nueva Ecija - Wag-wag Aga, Senador, AG5, AG10, Abra white, C22, M115-R, M146-1, M4-3-1, M45-1, M21-2-B2, M104-2R, M108-1R, M35-4-1, M69-2-2, M5-BD-2, M130-3, M48-1-1, M11-5-1, M86-3-1, M21, M11, M69, M5B2, M30, M45, M36-4-2, M4-3-1
Aurora – Elon-elon, Camoros, Sampaguita, Wag-wag Aga, Palawan, Raminad, Londan-honay, Galo, Ag 5, Ag 17, Kadali, Ag 27, White Borong, Fortuna, M21, M6-11-1, M3, M4, M35
Laguna
– Wag-wag Aga, Sampaguita, BS Nagkarlan, Africa, M5-AS, M8-2-1, M62-1-2, M45, M5-B-2, M13-1-1, M13-1-1B, M36-4-1, M30-10-1B, M4-3-1, M3-2-1, M10-2-1
Quezon
– AG17, AG5, M41, M35, M12-21
Camarines Sur
– AG24, Elon-elon, M5-A, M48, M70, M102, M103, M106, M107, M110, M112, M128, M131, M143
Agusan del Norte
- Palay Damo, AG5, AG10, Sta. Maria, San pablo, Carandang, Bengawan, Jap 1, Tapol 1, India, M5-AS, M117, M11-20-1, M11-20-B2, M4-4B, M5C, MC14-2R, M87-W, M6-14-1-1
Surigao del Sur
– San Pablo, M2-1-1, M5-BD, M13-2-1B, M3-4-1, M93-1
Davao del Norte
– AG5, Layong Mabilog, Cicadiz, Sampaguita, Milagrosa, Hinumay, Malagkit, Tinangi, Bogret, Camoros, San Pablo, Red Wag-wag, Wag-wag Aga, M35, 4-11-90, M21-4-1, M58, M50, M59, M75-1, M4-4-B2
Davao del Sur
– AG5, M117-3, M15-12-1, M117, M95-5, M5-AS
Pangasinan
– Lamyung, Bulik, Mogen, Cinamon, , Pandan, Sampaguita, Parirutong, India, Resco, Imp. Milagrosa, C22, M45, M3-4-1-2, M69-2-1, M120-4, M10-2-2-5, M44-3, M4-B1, M5-B1, M40-2-2, M44-1, M140-2, M8-3-1
Oriental Mindoro
– Elon-elon, Ka Luis, AG5, GV3, M13, XO, M97, M11, M45-1
Aklan
– Imp. Camoros, M45-1, M15-12-1, M11-5-1, M31-37-B4, M21-b1-1, M76-4-1, M2-1-1, M5-CS, M125-2, M140-1, M13-2-1B, M5-A1, M11-5-1, M36-2-1
Antique
– AG5, AG10, 16-70D, San Pablo, Minantika, Red Rice, M5-BD, M5-CS, M21-B3, M21-B1-1, M21-37-B4, M36-1, M36-3, M36-4-1, M62-1-1, M104-2, M139-2
Negros Occidental
– Wag-wag, AG10, AG5, Binangan, Dinorado, Fortuna, Imp. Borong, Imp. Milagrosa, Inuwak, Macan, Red Borong, Sampaguita, White Borong, Zambales, 2R-IN, 90D-42, 90D-43, 90D-44 Bugana Rice, GL1-8-1, GL4-5-5, GL4-9, M10-2-1, M104-1R, M11-20-1, M117-1R, M127-3, M13-2, M133-1, M139-1, M15-12-1, M20-1, M21-37-B4, M22-2-1, M36-1, M36-4-1, M4-4B, M5-BD, M50-1-1, M50-2, M5-AS, M62-1-1, M62-1-2, M6-6, M69-3-1, M8-2-1, M8-3-1, M90-2, M90-LG, MV4-4, Mv4-8
Zamboanga del Sur
– White Bengawan, Red Elon-elon, Red Wag-wag, AG5, AG17, C35, M101-1-1, M112-4, M115-6, M76-3-1, M8-1-1-2, M86-4-1, M97-2-1, M35-1-4-1, M97-ES, M5-AS, M15-12
Lanao del Norte
– Ala, Wag-wag Aga, Sulig, Hinumay, AG5, M15-12-1, M19, M68, M91, M86-4-1, M109, M117-1-1R, M108-1R, M36-2, M86-4-1, M8-3-1
North Cotabato
– C21, Moguama Africa, Nagdami, Vahari, Vadani, BS Nagkarlan, Maligaya Rice, Pinitumpo, AG5, Puro-puro, San pablo, Tinagi, M35-1-2-1, M67-2-1, M5-BD, M26-4-1, M115-1A, M108-1R, M5-C3, M5-CS, M4-4B, M36-4-1, M14-1-1, M11-6-1, M123-2, M129-1, M10-2-2-5, M11-20-1, M11-6-1, M30-10-1B, M36-4, M-AS, M5-B2, M94-4-1,, M11-6-1, M126-1-2, M13-21B, M131-1, M146-1, 21-2-B2, M15-12-1
South Cotabato
– San Pablo, AG5, M2, M3-1-1, M5-CS
Bukidnon
– Lubang, C18, Senador, Wag-wag Aga, Bengawan Puti, red Elon-elon, Red Borong, AG24, Bogret, Makagina, Mamintana, Pungko, Sologanon, SP Red, Sta. Maria, Sto. Niño, Sulig, AG5, Maligaya Rice, AG10, Puro-puro, Red Binato, M5-BD, C11-4, Dong Red, M76-1, M94, M15-12-1, M3-4-1, M35-3-1, M51-1-1, M51-2, M5-C, M70-1W, M75-1, M86-1, M90-LG, M93-1
Iloilo
- Kagingi, Imp. Camoros, Malido, Lubang, Inuwak, red Borong, M15-12-1R, M10-2-1
Capiz
– Libtong Mal, Milagrosa, Kadidit, Ag 23, M16-3, M115-1R, M114-4
Zambales
-, Fortuna, Pandan, Japanese 3, C21, M45, M11R
Bohol -
Melobina, Maragay, Ag 5, Magsanaya, M148-1, SKK
Slide23Characteristic / AdaptationTraditional rice varietiesMasipag rice
High tillering capacity
-
42
Good ratooning ability
-
24
Low fertility soils
12
36
Drought tolerance
8
9
Saltwater tolerance
7
12
Flooding tolerance
1
7
Pest/disease resistance
6
17
Red / Black/Violet
152
79
Number of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs) and Masipag rice with desired characteristics.
RESULTS:
Slide24Flood tolerant – M116-2, M115-1R, M160-1, M45-1, PBB 401 Flood tolerant – JDC 3 , JDC8, Dalagang Bukid Salt water tolerant – Jasmine, Kanoni, Elon-elon, Makaginga, Binulawan Drought tolerant – Elon-elon, San Vicente, Palawan, M160-1
Drought tolerant – M4-3-1,
Hinumay
Salt Water tolerant–
Loreto, Binulungan,
M115-1R, M45-1
Drought tolerant –
Red Borong, Zambales
MLD 4-1
Legends:
Farmer-bred lines
Traditional rice varieties
MASIPAG Selections
Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
Calabanga, Cam Sur
Bato, Cam Sur
Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur
Malng, North Cotabato
Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani
Alimodian, Iloilo
Libagon, Southern Leyte
Drought tolerant –
M148-2, M394-1, M51-2, M177-3, M74-1
Batbatngon, Leyte
Drought tolerantt –
Senador, Hubanib
Patnongon, Antique
Drought tolerant –
M6-14-1R
Climate Change-ready varieties
Slide25Green manureCompost,VermicompostSoil Fertility ManagementD. Soil Fertility ManagementFermented Plant Juice,Fish Amino Acid,Indigenous microorganisms
Slide26Soil fertilityE. Alternative Pest Management Farm Management Practices Soil nutrient management Method and time of planting Crop and Varietal Water management Diversification Crop rotation Maintain Insect Pest,Pathogen, Ecological Weed Balance Technology Development by Farmers
Slide27F. Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS)Diversification is insurance against stochastic events > 3-5 varieties of rice per farmer > Diversification in time (crop rotation) > Diversification in space (vertical space, horizontal space) > Diversification by use > Diversified and Integrated Farming System (DIFS) = a farm plan is needed
Slide28DIFS: more sources, more food, more income
Slide29DIFS and multifunctionalityMaintain stock resources in the FarmLivestock: Bank in the backyard ! Ducks: Natural pest control
Slide30G. Poultry Gene Pool and Development Nine PO managed chicken gene pool
Slide31No Regrets Adaptation to Climate change: Cultivation of survival crops:Tuber crops are food insurance (sweet potato, cassava, taro, yam)Resilient crops (banana)Sturdy crops (coconut) > non-traditional food crops and animalsDrought tolerant (sorghum, pigeon pea)
Slide32Carabao driven rotary used in rice farming by Abraham of Sultan KudaratH. Farmer-developed and Adapted technologiesPangi leaves used as botanical pest control by Doming of Zamboanga del Sur
Slide33Organic farming for rural developmentOrganic farming: use resources within the farm > Green Manuring (biofertilizers) > Crop and animal wastes (as organic fertilizers) > Vermicomposting > Companion crops>>> reduces farmers’ economic exposure to risks (less production costs)
Slide3434Reduce vulnerability through farmer-based adaptive strategiesDiversification > 3-5 varieties of rice per farmer > Diversified and Integrated Farming Systems > Tuber crops (food insurance) > non-traditional food crops and animals > Green Manuring (biofertilizers) > Livestock (bank in the backyard) > Medicinal plants (pharmacy in the backyard)
Slide35I. Local marketing of organic productsMASIPAG Farmers’ Guarantee System: Organic standards Internal quality control Product and market development Processing facilities Management capacity bldg.
Slide36J. AdvocacyAdvocacy against development aggression: -GMOs, patenting of life, corporate control -Mining -Aerial spraying -Land grabbing and land conversion -BiofuelsAdvocacy in favor of: - agrarian reform - susag/organic ag and food security >> practical work is our best advocacy
Slide37Improved Income:Net agricultural income per hectare, 2007 (Pesos)Masipag OrganicMasipag In ConversionChemical Faming
Luzon
24,412**
18,991**
13,403**
Visayas
22,868**
16,039**
13,728**
Mindanao
Average
23,715
ns
23,599***
17,362
ns
17,457***
19,588
ns
15,643***
** = highly significant differences
*** = very highly significant differences
Ns = no significant difference
Slide38MASIPAG, after 26 years: As organization and network: 635 Peoples Organizations; 35,000+ farmers 60 Non-Government Organizations 15 Scientist-partners 67 farmer rice breeders; 12 corn breeders 100+ volunteer farmer-trainers On-farm research resources223 PO-managed trial farms +10 back-up9 PO-managed native chicken gene pools
Active in 49 provinces
Slide39Summary MASIPAG works on:Farmers’ Empowerment Biodiversity conservation Sustainable agriculture and farming Organic production and marketing Food security and Poverty alleviation Coping mechanism to climate change >> Not Green or Gene revolution but “Farmer revolution”>> A partnership, a network, a philosophy and a way of life
Slide40Some Lessons in Participatory Research Agricultural problems have technological as well as non-technological solutions Certain degree of trust and confidence building as well as leveling-off is needed R & D should be farmer-centered, not project-, discipline-, scientist-, agency-, or NGO-centered Need-driven, not fund driven
Slide41Some Lessons in Participatory Research Farmers’ counterparting and no dole-outs should be observed Sense of ownership by the farmers should be inculcated Organization has multiplier and sustainability effect Change and development should only be as fast as the farmers can assimilate
Slide42Source: Barefoot Guide to Organizations
Slide43The paths are not to be found, but made And the activity of making them Changes both the maker and the destination. John SchaarWanderer, your footsteps are on the road, Wanderer, there is no road, The road is made by walking. Antonio MachadoThank you for your attention.