Outlook and Strategy Eric R Colby Department Head Advanced Accelerator Research May 4 2011 Advanced Accelerator RampD Mission SLAC preSPC Meeting Page 2 Grow into the premier Photon Science Laboratory ID: 682392
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Slide1
Advanced Accelerator R&D
Outlook and Strategy
Eric R. Colby
Department Head, Advanced Accelerator Research
May 4, 2011Slide2
Advanced Accelerator R&D MissionSLAC pre-SPC Meeting
Page 2
Grow into the premier Photon Science Laboratory
Maintain our position as the premier [electron] accelerator laboratory
Build targeted programs in particle physics, particle astrophysics & cosmology
Seeding schemes that will change FEL
designs
R&D Program @LCLS
LC
, Beam Manipulation
Next
Generation Injectors
Injector Test
Infrastructure
LC, Super
KEKB,
Ultra short pulses
Laser
Acceleration.
Diagnostics.
LC
User adapted applications
Linac
designs for specific needs
LC, MC
Enabling
Technology
RF
Power (at any band) and
new power sources
LC
, MAP, Project X, everywhere
The “ultimate” storage ring
Beam
Dynamics and Feedback systems
Super
B / Super KEK B
“Doubling
the energy”
Plasma Wake Field Acceleration
FACET and its experimental programSlide3
Market for Advanced Accelerator R&DLong-time primary customer (HEP) is changing course
ILC is receding further into the futureMuon collider is rising in visibility and fundingHEP’s stewardship role of accelerator science is vital, but resource constraints force a narrow interpretationRecent customer (BES) has different expectations
Expect Return On Investment (ROI) in 2-5 years
Starting to invest in high risk R&D such as Echo-7
Other customers (DARPA, DHS, NCI) are being courted
Some awareness that prime funding source (DOE-HEP) is narrowing focus
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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3Slide4
Four primary areas of research worldwide:High Gradient RFcentered at a range of small- and medium-sized labs, and industry
Laser Wakefield Accelerationcentered at medium-to-large labs because >100TW driver lasers are neededBeam-driven Wakefield Acceleratorscentered at medium-to-large labs because >100MeV driver linacs are needed
Beam-driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration
centered at large labs because >GeV driver linacs are needed
And a fifth, developing area:
Direct Laser Acceleration
centered at small labs
Status of the Advanced Concepts
Intellectual
Marketplace
SLAC pre-SPC MeetingPage 4
Field Leader
Partner of choice
Interested observerSlide5
5
Advanced Accelerator Research Efforts Worldwide
(excluding HGRF)
Direct Laser Accel Expt.Slide6
Balancing Risk and Potential PayoffWe are addressing the needs for:
shorter beams (<fsec), higher rep rates (>kHz) compactness, lower costWith R&D on technologies that span a range of risk/payoff:
Gradient
[GeV/m]
Working
Wave-length
Bunch Length
Bunch Repetition Frequency
Highest useful bunch harmonic
Time to
‘market’
High Gradient RF0.1
1 cm
1 ps
10
2
-10
4
Hz
1 THz
2-5
yrs
Beam Driven Plasma
Wakefield
10
100
m
m10 fs102-104 Hz 100 THz10-15 yrs Dielectric Laser Acceleration11 mm0.1 fs106-1010 Hz10 PHz(150 eV)15-20 yrs
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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6Slide7
Program EvolutionSLAC pre-SPC MeetingPage
7
Now
5 Years
Long term applications
HGRF
Structure Testing
Materials Testing
Novel Applications
ASTA3 M$/yrHEP New rf Sources Materials Testing Novel Applications
KTL? NLCTA? ITF?HEP, BES, Industry
Driver linac
(XFEL, PWFA)
HGRF-LC??
Medical
Novel Apps
(
E
dither, RF-U)
PWFA
Beam Dynamics
Plasma
Science
FACET-I
2 M$/yr
HEP
BD & PS Plasma Engineering FACET-II (ITF?)HEP,BES,DARPA XFEL Afterburner PWFA-LC?? Ion Channel LaserDLA Gradient/Voltage In-house Fab. NLCTA-E1632 M$/yrHEP Integrated Devices Vendor Fab. Beam dynamics 1 GeV attosec facilityHEP, DARPA,Industry SS replacement linac DLA-LC?? Medical Novel AppsSlide8
High Gradient RFWhy SLAC? Core competency
SLAC operates the highest energy microwave linacs in the worldUnique test facilities-ASTA, NLCTA, ITFScopeMaterial science
Comprehensive source-to-beam component R&D
New RF source technologies
Current Issues
Availability is essential for wider acceptance
HGRF uneconomic without more efficient rf sources
Developing other applications: RF Undulator, Medical Linac, etc.
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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8Slide9
International HGRF Collaboration
The Cockcroft
Institute
INFN
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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9Slide10
Basic R&D on Breakdown
Geometry:
Have tested ~40 different types of accelerator structures
Fields:
Magnetic field and pulsed RF heating are key to breakdown
Materials:
New materials have shown promise
Developing novel RF sources: new simulation tools, entirely new topologies
Muon
Collider R&D: RF breakdown in strong magnetic fields, cavity design
Structures for HG proton acceleration
High Gradient Research
|E|
|H|
material sample
Intergranular
fractures
500X
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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10Slide11
Plasma Wakefield Acceleration ProgramWhy SLAC?
Unique facilities and expertiseGoldmine of science—plasma refraction, ion channel laser, etc.ScopeBasic physics driving beam qualityEnergy efficiency/high transformer ratioPositron dynamics; Engineering issues
PWFA Current Issues
Need “sailboat chicane” for full PWFA program; funding (13M$) may be an issue
LCLS-II installations will change linac during program
FACET will operate 5 years (2017)
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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11Slide12
Beam Parameters
Energy
23 GeV
Charge
3 nC
Sigma z
14 µm
Sigma r
10 µm
Peak Current
22 kAmps
Species
e
-
& e
+
FACET (2012-2017)
FACET—
F
acility for
A
dvanced
a
C
celerator
E
xperimental
T
estsSlide13
Energy
10 GeV
Charge
3 nC
Species
e
-
& e
+
Possible “FACET-II” (2017 on)
Injector Test Facility
LCLS-II
Sector 10 Experimental Area
The proposed Injector Test Facility is a candidate for FACET-II
Better bunch shaping, bunch trains, and staging of PWFAs
Need to do e-driven positron acceleration at FACET-II if no sailboat
Better quality beams will enable broader FACET science program
Synergy of FACET programs with FEL R&D programSlide14
Plasma Wakefield Collaboration
SLACARD: Beam dynamics, experimentTF: Experimental Area, SafetyUCLAC. Joshi, EE – Plasma SourcesW. Mori, EE – Theory, Simulations
J. Rosenzweig, A&P – Dielectric Wakefield Devices
USC
P.
Muggli
, EE -- Experiment
DukeT. Katsouleas
– Theory, Simulation
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
Page 14 Current PWFA Collaboration has more than a decade’s experience with GeV-scale experiments and has a strongly academic focusSlide15
Commission FACET this summerFollowing commissioning, the PWFA program expects to demonstrate:
Energy doubling of a 25 GeV Beam in ~1mEfficient Energy Transfer of ~30% with small
energy spread
Emittance preservation
for electrons
The sailboat chicane will enable detailed studies of electron-driven PWFA of
positrons
Efficient energy transfer, emittance preservation
FACET will be the only facility that can address these questions
L
p ~ 1m
PWFA Experiments are aimed at understanding the essential physics required to design a Linear Collider
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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15Slide16
SLAC Accelerator Research Experimental program Committee (SAREC) Review
The Closeout Report (March 9, 2011)highly ranked the PWFA and DWA proposals:
About PWFA: “
The proposal is well-organized, the collaboration has extensive experience, and the experiments are supported by extensive simulations which have been well-benchmarked in the FFTB experiments
.”
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16Slide17
Direct Laser Accelerator (DLA) ProgramWhy SLAC?
First experimental efforts where at StanfordStanford leadership in lasers, photonics, and semicon fabrication; SLAC’s expertise in linacsScopeDesign, fabrication, and testing of DLA structures, waveguides, lenses, diagnostics
Current Issues
Although early in R&D cycle, need to define applications concretely
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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17
Input waveguide
Electron beamSlide18
Direct Laser Acceleration CollaborationSLAC
AARD: Beam dynamics, structure design, experiment design, integration, and execution at E163(TF, LCLS-laser: Accelerator interface, operations & safety oversight)StanfordB. Byer, AP – Laser R&D, MaterialsM.
Kasevich
– Electron sources
Tech-X Inc.
VORPAL simulations of fibers, woodpiles, including tolerance analysis & design
UCLA
G. Travish – MAP structure
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
I.
Staude – Woodpile fabricationIncom Inc.Fiber PullingQ-Peak, Inc.2 micron laser developmentKLA-TencorT. Plettner – DLA Undulator DesignIIT-TechnionL. Schachter – TheoryMPQ-Muenich P. Hommellhoff – Electron sourcesNTHU-TaiwanY-C Huang – IR sourcesLLNLPhotonic Crystal Fiber Pulling (July 2011--)U. SydneyCUDOS Design code for PCF fibers
SLAC pre-SPC MeetingPage 18Slide19
Growing the technology and the R&D community Concept is at proof-of-principle step :
Two key milestones: GeV/m Gradient, MeV energy gainCurrent worldwide level of effort is small, needs to expandGrowth in the level of effort/number of investigatorsOnce gradient and fabrication are demonstrated, others will join
Photonics and novel optical materials communities already interested
Growth in the technology base
Laser vendors already performing needed R&D (DOE, DARPA)
3 SBIR proposals in FY10 to make structures, 1 funded
Developing fabrication process that industry can adopt directly
SU is patenting core structure concepts now
Pursuing DARPA funding through AXiS program
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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Direct Laser Acceleration ApplicationsEarly days yet, but identifying the potential applications and customers is essential
HEP: linear colliderBESHigh average fluence narrowband x-ray sourceUnique source of attosecond beams
Solid-state replacement for low- to moderate-current electron linacs
Medical Linacs
Solid state replacement for 25 MeV
linacs
(Industry)
Endoscopic accelerator-based electron and x-ray sources
Narrowband x-ray source for differential phase contrast imaging (DARPA)
Security
Ultracompact radiography linacsSLAC pre-SPC MeetingPage 20Slide21
Direct Laser Acceleration Structure Fabrication and Beam Testing
Substantial beam testing progressAttosecond bunch train production at 0.8 mm (PRST-AB, 2008)
Staged laser acceleration at 0.8
m
m
(PRST-AB, 2008)
Focusing of 60 MeV/10
m/15
pC beams to 8x8
m
m (2010)Initial observation of beam-driven TM modes in a PBG fiber (2011)
TE
bandgap
region
Substantial progress on fabricating 100-1000
l
long optical waveguides
Silicon Woodpile: 9 of 17 layers completed at Stanford
Silica Grating: 0.8
m
m structures fabricated at Stanford
Silica fiber: drawn photonic band gap fibers down to ~4
m
m (
Incom
SBIR)SLAC pre-SPC MeetingPage 21Slide22
DLA
Driving
Applications
Optical BPM
Optical Undulator
Woodpile based deflector
Woodpile-based quadrupole
MAP structure for
I
BRT (UCLA)
Linear Collider
– low charge high frequency format will provide very low detector background
Solid-State Low-power linacs
(~100 W) –
ultracompact
, low-cost replacement for microwave linacs
Novel Applications
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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22
Examples:
10
6
T/m quadrupoles Attosecond pulsed electron and radiation sources Optically undulators lw~100 mm Deflectors with <100 fsec risetimes Streak cameras with fsec resolution BPMs with nm resolution Accelerators small enough to insert endoscopicallySlide23
AAR is a great environment for studentsBasic R&D and applied technology
Research R&D groups are small (~8)AAR hosts 8 (of 10) graduate students, 4 (of 5) postdocsWorking to expand accelerator physics curriculum at SUTest facilities offer tremendous teaching opportunity
Efforts are interdisciplinary and experiment-oriented, resulting in students with broad training and significant hands-on experience
Lack of faculty in AAR is an issue (have 1)
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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23Slide24
Some Alumni of Stanford Accelerator Physics
Current Careers:
Blue=Industry 40%
Red=Academia 20%
Gold=Nat’l
Labs 40%
Tomas Plettner—Researcher at KLA-Tencor
Caolionn
O’Connell—
Dept. of Defense
Chris Barnes—Researcher at Solyndra
Devon MacDonald—Strategic Planning, KLA-Tencor
Bruce
Rohrbough
—Instructor at West Point
Walt
Zacherl
—
Instructor at West Point
Ben Cowan—
Scientific code developer at Tech-X
Chris Sears
—
Researcher
at KLA-Tencor
Neil Kirby—
Postdoc, UCSF
Ian BlumenfeldScientist, Archimedes Group
Themis
Mastoridis—
Toohig
Fellow
SLAC
Dmitry
Teytelman
—
APS Thesis Award
,
Founder of
Dimtel
, Inc.
David Pritzkau—
APS Thesis Award
,
Big
Bear
Networks
Boris Podobedov—
APS Thesis Award
,
Scientist, Brookhaven
Boaz Nash—
Scientist, Brookhaven
Nat’l Lab
Rod
Loewen
—
Scientist at
Lyncean
Technologies
Jiquan Guo—
Scientist, SLAC
Greg
Schussman
—
Scientist, SLAC
Shyam
Prabhakar
—
APS Thesis Award
Scientist, LBNL
Jiaxing
Xu
—
Postdoc, SLAC
Zhirong Huang—
APS Thesis Award,
Scientist, SLAC
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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24Slide25
Fostering a Culture of InnovationHosting a significant number of graduate students and postdocs helps!
Aggressively look outside canonical accelerator science for innovations that will provide new capabilitiesEncourage an outward-looking cultureHire from beyond accelerator physicsIncrease personnel turnover
Expand collaborations
Complete near-term applications
“Culture eats strategy for breakfast.”—Peter
Drucker
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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25Slide26
Roles in more immediate projects
HGRFX-band deflector cavities for Echo-7, LCLSX-band RF Undulator R&Dmm-wave antennae for CMBHGRF for proton therapy machinesPWFA
Diagnostics for
ultrashort
beams (eg. OTR screens and CTR bunch length monitor pioneered at FFTB/E164)
THz radiation generation, transport, and diagnostics
DLA
Collaborated in first phases of seeding demonstration Echo-7
Accelerator physics leadership of Bay Area Hadron Therapy Center
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
Page 26Maintaining focus in long-term R&D requires setting and maintaining near-term milestones, and is further enhanced by contributing to short-term tasks. Slide27
AAR Strengths, Opportunities, RisksAAR is interdisciplinary and innovative
Research is fundamental, uncovering mechanisms for high field interactions with metals, plasmas, and dielectricsDevelop synergies with the BES, DARPA, DHS program, seek out industrial applicationsCombination of fundamental R&D + applied technology provides excellent graduate trainingTest facilities (ASTA, NLCTA, FACET) are central to this work, but are expensive to operate
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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27Slide28
Growing the User CommunityProvide a Supportive User Environment
Test Facilities DepartmentAdvertise the opportunitiesFACET has been prominently featured in invited talksNLCTA & E163 advertised through conference talksASTA through HGRF collaboration meetingsSatellite FACET meetings at PAC, IPAC
Host User Workshops
First FACET User’s Workshop held March 18-19, 2010
Second Workshop planned for late August 2011, after first beam results
Other
topicals
planned: Novel undulators; DLA Workshop
SLAC will host Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop in 2014
User contact maintained through SLAC User Organization (SLUO)
SLAC pre-SPC MeetingPage 28Slide29
Closing ThoughtsOpportunities which overlap with SLAC’s strengths and unique, accessible expertise (e.g. Stanford, Silicon Valley) should be exploited
Program growth requires the applications case and support base to broaden beyond what has been traditionally pursuedAAR has a vibrant program spanning a range of risk and potential impact that has consistently delivered leading experimental results and trained sought-after accelerator physicists
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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BACKUP SLIDESSlide31
RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENTR&D Status
Gain in performance,
Progress towards realization,
New scientific knowledge
Concept
Proof-of-Principle
Experiments
Community
Develops
Critical Mass of Experimental Effort Achieved (
people+facilities
)
Physics Largely Understood
Engineering Tests Underway
Major Project Engineering Begins
Concept implemented as a working machine
Time & funding
10-20 years
Direct Laser Acceleration
Plasma Wakefield Acceleration
Microwave Acceleration
Operational
Improvements
SLAC pre-SPC Meeting
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31Slide32
e+/plasma interaction much less studied than e-/plasmaFocusing force on e+ bunches is nonlineare
+ can be accelerated with in e+ driven plasma wakes, but accelerating force is also nonlinearEmittance growth for single, long e+
bunch in uniform plasma
Possible remedies include hollow plasma channel, linear wake
PWFA: Positron R&DSlide33
DLA: Motivation
MotivationHigh gradient and high efficiency acceleration is possible
Fundamentally different accelerator technology
Laser-powered, but
solid-state,
so accelerator is the “same” on every shot
Low-charge high-repetition-rate technology
quasi-CW beam format
Accelerators made like computer chips
—mass production techniques that will be significantly less expensive and more flexible than machined metal
Breaks repetition rate and duty factor limitations set by high peak power tubes and lasersConnection to DOE HEP MissionLow charge, very-high-repetition rate beam format is the only scheme that has reasonable background at 10 TeV cm energies and is not practical with either microwave or plasma technologiesBenefits from large industrial effort in lasers and semiconductors to make efficient use of DOE resourcesSlide34
S8 Exp Area
Injector Test Facility at Sector 0
Highlights of Changes for Echo-100/HHG:
Add injector laser room and laser
Remove ~15 m of sector 0 injector, reusing many components
Install LCLS gun, K02, K01, and laser heater with configuration similar to LCLS
Remove 50m (4 RF stations) of linac in sector 3 (or 8) to make the experimental area
Install small laser room and Echo/HHG laser system near S3 (or S8)
Optionally install BC1 and
linearizer
Upgrade diagnostics to support low-emittance, Echo-100 operationSlide35
Worldwide Direct Laser Acceleration Efforts
Laser Accelerator Structures
Particle Sources
Microwave Analogs
MIT X-band PBG
LANL PBG TWT circuit
Telecom Industry
Welding/Cutting Industry
Defense
Chip
Woodpile Stanford/SLAC U. Hiroshima Pohang Light Source Indiana UGrating Stanford/SLAC UCLA MAP Cornell Foxhole
NTHU-TaiwanFocusing & BPMs Stanford/SLACFiber
1D Bragg Fiber
IIT-
Technion
2D Photonic Band Gap
Stanford/SLAC
Other
Polaritonic
Resonance Materials
UT-Austin
Corrugated Plasma Waveguides
U Maryland
Related Photonics (MOEMS)
Fibers
Incom
LLNL-Dawson Group NKT Photonics many others…Gratings Benchmark TechnologiesWoodpiles U Pennsylvania U Arizona U Colorado Aerospace Corp many others… Electron SourcesVanderbilt—field emissionUCLA—ferroelectric emissionMPQ-Muenich—field emissionStanford—photo-assisted FEDrive Laser TechnologydOPO Stanford Lockheed-MartinTm:Fiber Stanford Q-Peak IMRA IPG Photonics NuFern others…KGW/KYW Disk many others…Simulation Software developed specifically for Photonic Band Gap Systems
FEM
SLAC—ACE3P
FDTD
Rsoft—BandSolve
Tech-X—
Vorpal
PWD
MIT Photonic Bands
Other
U. Sydney—
CUDOS
Laser Accelerator Structure Testing with Beam – SLACSlide36
Facilities according to NHNC LC Tech (ESB)HPRF (KTL)HG (ASTA?)
FACETLaser (E163)Test beams (ESTB)Presentation Title
Page
36Slide37
PWFAWhere do we want the program to go?5 years—Addressed beam quality issues, developed near-term apps: ion channel laser? Chirp silencer?
10 years—Staging demonstration, engineering issues understood, PWFA afterburner for XFEL20 years—based LC under constructionHow do we get there?5 years—FACET-1, current collaboration (SLAC-UCLA-USC-DUKE), drawing in LC experts as needed
10 years—FACET-2, expanded collaboration, drawing in more LC and PS communities as collaborators (and users)
20 years—LC construction, HEP community drawn in for detectors
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