Class Mammalia - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Class Mammalia

Pages 557 - 573Slide2

Mammalia is one of the smallest classes under

K

ingdom AnimaliaHowever, it contains most of what we call “animals” todayMammalia also contains humansThere are 26 orders under Class Mammalia (12 are under placental mammals)

Class MammaliaSlide3

6 Main Characteristics:

Breathe air (they have lungs)

Are endothermic (warm-blooded: cold room does not equal cold mammal)Have 4 chambers (sections) to their hearts

Have specialized teeth (different teeth for different jobs)

Produce (make) milk for their youngHave hair

Characteristics of Class MammaliaSlide4

2 Kinds of mammal hair:

Underhair

: soft, insulating fur next to the skin; it keeps the animal warmGuard hair: coarse (hard and strong), longer, and found over the underhair; gives the animal color

*Whiskers: a special kind of guard hair with nerves around the roots of the hair – these allow animals to feel what is around them

Some other guard hairs can also have nerves at the base and feel things

Mammalia HairSlide5

Mammals can be carnivorous (lions), herbivorous (cows) or omnivorous (humans)

Almost all mammals will have some kind of teeth

Different teeth do different jobs

Digestion in MammalsSlide6

Three basic kinds of teeth:

Incisors – flat, thin teeth at the front of the mouth used for gnawing or biting

Canines – rounded, pointed teeth toward the front of the mouth used for tearingMolars – thick, squat teeth in the back of the mouth used for grinding and chewing

Kinds of TeethSlide7

Herbivorous (plant eaters) have a special, longer digestive tract to let the food break down

Some, like the cow, have a rumen: a bag at the top of the stomach with spit, where the food goes to get wet

After being mixed with the spit, the cow will throw up the food into its mouth (food is now called cud) and chew it again to get it to break down even more

Digestion in Herbivorous MammalsSlide8
Slide9

Cow Digestion VS. Horse DigestionSlide10

Some, like horses, have a

cecum

: an extra bag where the food sits in spit for an extra few hours to break down even more before becoming poop

Digestion in Herbivorous MammalsSlide11

All mammals will have lungs to breathe oxygen

These lungs are controlled by a muscle called a diaphragm

The diaphragm pulls the lungs down to pull air in and goes up to push air outThe air passes through a larynx inside the throatThe larynx gives the animal its voice

Respiration in MammalsSlide12

All mammals have 4 chambers in their hearts

The heart is very strong, like in Class Aves and Class Reptilia

Circulation in MammalsSlide13

All mammals are endothermic – they can control their own body temperature

Many mammals lose body heat through their skin, but some do other things

Dogs pant and lose heat through their tonguesElephants can lose heat through their earsPigs and elephants can lose heat by rolling in the mud

EndothermicSlide14

Many mammals hibernate (sleep deeply in winter)

Squirrels and woodchucks will hibernate in winter – they sleep deeply, become very cold, and their body systems slow down, they can’t wake up easily

Bears and badgers become dormant – they sleep deeply, but

they can’t

wake up if they are bothered – they do not HIBERNATE!

HibernatingSlide15

Mammals have brains and can

think for themselves

Mammals have memories and can learn wellSome mammals seem to show emotionsThese things come from a part of the brain called the Cerebrum

– the biggest part of the brain

Response in MammalsSlide16

Mammals can reproduce one of three ways

1.) Placental Mammals – their babies develop (grow) inside the mother’s uterus and are connected to the mother through a placenta

The umbilical cord connects the baby to the placenta and is cut when the baby is bornGestation is the name of pregnancy in these mammals

Cats, dogs, horses, humans

All of the orders we will study are placental mammals

Reproduction in MammalsSlide17

2.) Marsupial Mammals: mammals with pouches

Babies are made inside the mother, but do not have a placenta – they have a small yolk sac for food instead

After the yolk sac is gone, the babies go into a marsupium (pouch/bag) on the mother and drink her milk until they are old enough to be out on their own

Kangaroos, koalas, wombats, opossums

Marsupials usually live in Australia (but also China and America)

Reproduction in MammalsSlide18

Monotreme Mammals: mammals that lay eggs and sit on them to keep them warm until they hatch (

ovoparous

NOT viviparous)Monotremes feed their babies with milk, but do not have nipples – their milk gets put onto their skin and the babies lick it off

The most common

monotreme is the platypus

Reproduction in MammalsSlide19

These mammals have well-developed, continuously growing incisors (flat, thin teeth at the front of the mouth)

If they don’t chew on something hard, those teeth can grow into their brains

Beavers, mice, squirrels

Order

RodentiaSlide20

Well-developed canine teeth (rounded, pointed teeth used for tearing)

Claws on toes

CarnivorousCats, dogs, bears, lions, tigers

Order

CarnivoraSlide21

They have four fins (legs/arms for swimming)

Marine environments – they live in the water

CarnivorousSeals, walruses

Order

PinnipediaSlide22

Marine mammals – live in the water

Dorsal blowholes – a hole on the back used to breathe

Horizontal flukes – arms used for swimming on both sides of the bodyUse echolocation – they send out sound waves to figure out what is in front of themWhales, dolphins

Order

CataceaSlide23

Binocular vision – can see near and far away

Erect stature – they stand up and walk on their back legs

Opposable thumbs – their thumbs can bend to grab thingsApes, monkeys, humans

Order PrimatesSlide24

Odd-toed ungulates – mammals with hooves that either have one toe or three toes

They have a

cecum – a bag where food sits in spit to break downHerbivorous – they only eat plantsHorse, donkey, zebra,

rhinocerous

Order

PerissodactylaSlide25

Even-toes ungulates – have hooves with two toes

They can have a

cecum or rumen (bag on top of the stomach where food gets spit put on before being thrown up into the mouth to be chewed again)Pigs, cows, hippopotamuses, deer

Order

ArtiodactylaSlide26

Leviticus 11 told the Jewish people what to eat

Cloven footed beasts (even-toed hooves)

Chew the cud (have a rumen)What did Jews eat?Slide27

Teeth undeveloped or absent (not there)

Unique (special) back vertebrae (hard, wide plates instead of round vertebrae)

Anteaters, armadillos, sloths

Order

EdentataSlide28

Flying mammalsUse echolocation (they send out sound waves to figure out what is in front of them)

Bats

Order

ChiropteraSlide29

Mainly insectivorious

(they eat insects)

Live undergroundShrews, moles, hedgehogs

Order

InsectivoraSlide30

Live in coastal areas (where the land and water meet) in tropical and semitropical waters (Hawaii, India, Vietnam, Philippians)

Called Sea Cows

Manatees, dugongs

Order

SireniaSlide31

Long, boneless trunk (long nose)

Largest land mammals

Elephants and Mammoths Mammoths are now extinct (they are all dead)

Order

Proboscidea