hazards amp entry What you will Learn What is a Confined Space Hazards of Confined Spaces Basic Entry Requirements General Requirements All employees required to enter confined or enclosed spaces must be instructed in ID: 215242
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Slide1
Confined space
hazards & entrySlide2
What you will Learn
What is a Confined Space
Hazards of Confined Spaces
Basic Entry RequirementsSlide3
General Requirements
All employees required to enter confined or enclosed spaces must be instructed in:
Nature of the hazards.
Necessary precautions to be taken.
Use of protective and emergency equipment. Slide4
What is a Confined Space?
Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work.
Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry.)
Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. Slide5
What is a Permit Required Confined Space?
A Permit-required confined space is confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics…Slide6
Permit Required Spaces
Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.
Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant.
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section.
Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.Slide7
Typical Confined Spaces
Boilers & Furnaces
Pipelines
Pits
Process Vessel
Silo & Storage Tanks
Sewer & Manholes
Trenches & ExcavationsSlide8
Hazards of Confined Spaces
Atmospheric
Physical Configuration
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Noise
Vibration
Engulfment or EntrapmentSlide9
Controlling Confined Space Hazards
Each Confined Space has different hazards. Hazards can also change with time and usage.
Post signs to warn of the dangers.
Use barriers to prevent uncontrolled access
Develop and use a written space entry program. Slide10
Controlling Confined Space Hazards
Conduct air monitoring and tests to identify and evaluate hazards.
Define acceptable entry conditions.
Monitor entry conditions.
Eliminate or control the space's atmospheric hazards before entry.
Lockout all internal hazards prior to entry. Slide11
Entry Point Hazards
Small Openings make entry and rescue difficult.
Sharp edges can tear protective clothing or air lines.
Temporary ladders and vent gear can make even large openings difficult to transit.
Vertical entry points are fall hazards.Slide12
Ventilation Needed
Deadly gases can be trapped inside.
Rotting Organic materials create hazardous gases.
Pipe leaks, welding, system material can create hazardous atmospheres.
Rust consumes the oxygen you need.Slide13
Atmospheric Hazards
Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
Flammable Atmospheres
Toxic Atmospheres
Corrosive Atmospheres
Asphyxiating Atmospheres Slide14
Oxygen Deficient
19.5 % is the minimum acceptable oxygen level for work with out an air supplied respirator.
12-14% - Poor judgment.
10-12% - Lips blue Mental Confusion.
8-10% - Fainting & Nausea.
6-8% - Causes Death.Slide15
Asphyxiating Atmospheres
Reduction of oxygen in a confined space may be the result of either consumption or displacement. Consumption of oxygen takes place during:
Combustion of flammable substances.
Bacterial action, as in the fermentation process.
Chemical reactions as in the formation of rust. Slide16
Oxygen Enriched
Oxygen level above 21%.
Causes flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when ignited. Such as:
Hair, clothing, oil soaked materials.
Never use pure oxygen to ventilate.
Never store or place compressed gas tanks in a confined space.Slide17
Flammable Atmospheres
Required Factors:
Oxygen
Flammable Gas, Vapor or Dust
Ignition Source
Welding
Electric Tools
Sparks
SmokingSlide18
Flammable Atmospheres
Caused by:
Enriched oxygen atmospheres.
Vaporization of flammable liquids.
Byproducts of work.
Chemical reactions.
Concentrations of combustible dusts.
Fumes from chemicals on inner surfaces. Slide19
Toxic Atmospheres
Material in space:
Absorbed materials can “gas off”.
Decomposition of materials.
Work being performed:
Welding, cutting, brazing, soldering
Painting, scraping, sanding, degreasing
Sealing, bonding, melting
Cleaning, de-scaling Slide20
Corrosive Atmospheres
Corrosive atmospheres can be not only a respiratory problems but also cause skin exposure reactions and damage to your nervous system though skin absorption or breathing.
Examples of Corrosives:
Bleach
Ammonia
Acids Slide21
Physical Configuration Hazards
The use and shape of a space can create hazardous conditions:
Use of Ladders & Scaffolding.
Wet or slippery surfaces.
Uneven bottoms.
Bends in tunnels.
Narrow areas that can entrap workers.
Poor lighting.
Use retrieval & fall protection when possible.Slide22
Mechanical Hazards
Some confined spaces have unguarded mechanical equipment such as:
Paddles
Blades
Shafts
Chain or belt drives
All equipment must be Locked and Tagged before entry.Slide23
Electrical Hazards
Electric Shock is a possible hazard in Confined Spaces. Hazard Sources include:
Broken lighting.
Electrical sensing devices.
Limit switches.
Level indicating devices.
Hazards from equipment taken inside. Slide24
Temperature Hazards
High and Low Temperatures are Hazards
Burns
Frostbite
Heat Stress
Wearing Protective clothing can increase the heat stress on a worker.Slide25
Worker Comfort
Factors affecting worker comfort:
Air temperature
Air velocity though the space
Humidity
Radiant heat
Protective Clothing
Activities Slide26
Engulfment Hazards
Engulfment is the entrapment of a person by the contents of a space.
Liquids
Small granular product such as grain.
Crusting or Bridging of material.
Flooding
Water FlowSlide27
Engulfment Hazards
Completely empty the contents before entry.
Use retrieval and fall arrest equipment to prevent sinking into contents of a space.Slide28
Noise Hazards
Noise creates a hazard by:
Causing hearing loss.
Preventing communication.
Lowering worker's effectiveness.
Eliminate noise sources prior to entry.
Use proper hearing protection. Slide29
Surface Hazards
Slippery, Wet or Damp Surfaces
Slips & Falls
Chemical exposure.
Possible increased chance of electric shock.
Uneven surfaces.Slide30
Vibration Hazards
Vibration of the body can cause damage to the body.
Using Vibrating tools can cause damage to fingers & hand.
Eliminate equipment vibrations prior to entry.
Use Vibration dampening tools & gloves. Slide31
Basic Confined Space Entry Procedure
All entrants, supervisors and entry attendants must be fully qualified:
Conduct Pre-Entry Briefing.
Assemble and check equipment.
Establish Acceptable Entry Conditions.
Conduct initial air sampling.
Execute & Complete Entry Permit.
Station Entry Attendant. Slide32
Entry
(continued)
Establish Monitoring of Atmosphere
Establish Communication
Execute Hot Work Permit if applicable
Post Confined Space Entry Permit
Enter Space
Post–entry debrief if problems were encounteredSlide33
Testing The Atmosphere
Verify presence of safe work atmosphere.
Calibrate Air Monitoring Equipment before use.
Test all areas of a confined space.
Top, Middle & Bottom.
Check for Explosive & Toxic Gases.
Check Oxygen level.
Record all readings.Slide34
Ventilation
Consider best of exhaust or supply or both.
Provide work zone exhaust if welding.
Plan ventilation supply and exhaust paths.
Ensure no “re-circulation” of air supply.
Use continuous ventilation.
Retest the confined space before and during entry.Slide35
LOCKOUT!
Lock & tagging ALL electrical sources.
Blank & bleeding fluid lines.
Disconnect mechanical drives &shafts.
Secure mechanical parts.
Lock & Tag all valves.Slide36
Rescue Team
A qualified rescue team and rescue equipment must be available for entry into all Permit Required Confined Spaces.
Qualified Entry Attendant must be in constant communication with workers in the space.
Entry Attendant must have source of communication with the Rescue Team.Slide37
Summary
All persons involved in Permit Required Confined Space Entry must be qualified:
Supervisor
Attendants
Entrants
Rescue Team
Confined Spaces are Dangerous Places – Know how to control or eliminate hazards.