Department of History Entre Santos y Muertos Among Saints and the Dead Dia de los Muertos Oaxaca Decorative Traditions and Commemoration Vigil among the dead Oaxaca Popular Culture ID: 712160
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Slide1
Edward Wright-RiosVanderbilt UniversityDepartment of History
Entre Santos y
Muertos
: Among Saints and the DeadSlide2Slide3Slide4
Dia de los Muertos, OaxacaSlide5
Decorative Traditions and CommemorationSlide6
Vigil among the dead, OaxacaSlide7
Popular Culture— Satirical Creativity, Black Humor, and “Playing” with DeathSlide8
Loteria
de
Figuras
: 50 Names for deathSlide9
Local Miraculous ImagesSlide10
Famed Distant Shrines: The Passion and the Black
Christ of
Esquipulas
, GuatemalaSlide11
Parallel Traditions: Marian Pilgrimage DevotionSlide12
Los Santos—The SaintsSlide13Slide14Slide15
Promesas y
Mandas
: Ex-
VotoSlide16Slide17
A Picture of Piety: San Miguel Tlalixtac
,
Oaxaca, 1908
Total
population: 7,141
Villages:
San
Miguel, The Parish Seat (3,314
)
S Domingo
S
. Catalina
S Maria
S
Agustín
Yetareni
S. Andres
(
Pilgrimage devotion to miraculous image of Christ
)
Zapotec
community, but primarily
bilingualSlide18
Religious Festivals
Standard Solemnity = Sung mass, procession, and sermon
Extras often added (e.g. 3 priests, vespers, matins, exposition/vigil of Blessed Sacrament).
Curate often asks for help from a priest in Oaxaca City.
Standard novena:
1st day procession, fireworks, and mass announces fiesta, fiesta market set up.
Special masses and catechism services on subsequent days
Day 7,
Convite
, festive procession and evening services
Day 8, More services and
calenda
, dances, fireworks at night, and parties
Day 9, actual feast day, masses, liturgical extrasSlide19
Institutions
Brotherhoods
S. Miguel, 7 (Consolation of Mary, V. of Solitude, Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, V. of Guadalupe, V. of
Juquila
, Coronation of Mary, S. Antonio Abbot)
S. Maria, 2 (Sacred Heart of Jesus, V. of the Rosary)
S. Andres, 1(Large and rich dedicated to town’s image of Christ and V. of the Rosary)
Mayordomías
19 in S. Miguel
12 in S. Andres
10 in S. Maria
4 in S. Domingo
2 in S. CatalinaSlide20
The Religious Calendar
January
1: Circumcision of Christ, S. Miguel and San Andres
5: Epiphany, S. Agustín
6: Epiphany, S. Miguel, S. Andres and S. Maria
14: S. Antonio Abbot, S. Miguel
15: Christ of Huayapam, S. Miguel, S. Agustin, and S. Andres
26: Mass for patron Saint, S. Maria
February
2: Purification of Mary, S. Miguel, S. Agustín, and S. Andres (3 padre masses)
5: Purification, S. Maria with 3 priest masses
Ash Wednesday pilgrimage fiesta for Christ of Huayapam (vespers, matins, procession, mass, sermon)Slide21
March
18: S. Joseph, Hacienda, S. Maria, S. Agustin
19: S. Joseph, S Miguel, S. Augustin, S. Andres (mass with 3 priests)
25: Annunciation of Mary, S. Miguel, S. Agustín, S. Andres
April
Holy Week, S. Miguel and S. Andres
29: S. Pedro Verona, S. Miguel
30: S. Catalina, sponsors mass
May
3: Holy Cross: S. Miguel and S. Andres
26: Pentecost, S. Miguel, S. Maria, S. Andres (Only latter 3 priest mass) Slide22
June
6: Holy Trinity, S. Agustín
10: Holy Trinity, S. Miguel, S. Agustín, S. Andres (latter 3 priest mass)
13: S. Antonio de Padua, S. Miguel, S. Agustín
Corpus Christi, S. Miguel
15: Sacred Heart of Jesus, S. Miguel
25: Sacred Heart, S. Maria
29: S. Pedro Apostle, S. Miguel
Also Sweet Name of Jesus, S. Domingo
July
25: Santiago Apostle, S. MiguelSlide23
August
4: Feast of S. Domingo (whole set of liturgical extras)
5: Feast of the Transfiguration, S Andres (3 priest mass)
15: Feast of S. Mary, S. Maria (3 priests and all the extras)
28: Feast of S. Agustín, S. Agustin (3 priests, all the extras)
30: S. Rose of Lima, S. Miguel
September
8: Nativity of the Virgin, S. Miguel, S. Maria
10: S. Nicolas Tolentino, S. Miguel
13: S. Nicolas Tolentino, S. Andres
14: Holy Cross, S. Miguel
15: Holy Cross, S. Maria
29: Feast of S. Miguel Archangel, S. Miguel (3 priests, all the extras)Slide24
October
6: V. of the Rosary, S. Miguel, S. Maria, S. Andres
8: V. of the Rosary, S. Agustin
November
1: All Saints Day, S. Miguel, S. Andres, S. Agustin
2:
Day of the Dead,
S. Miguel, S. Andres
30: Feast of S. Andres Apostle, (1 priest with extras)
December
8: V. of the Immaculate Conception, S. Miguel, S. Maria, S. Andres, S. Agustin
12: V. of Guadalupe, S. Miguel, S. Maria, S. Andres (3 priests), S. Agustin
18: V. of Solitude, S. Miguel, S. Andres (latter 3 priests)
25: Christmas, Everybody celebrates, some pay for extra masses
26: Christmas, S. Catalina
29: S. Juan ApostleSlide25
Death, the Clergy and Critique of the Church, 1855.Slide26
Day of the Dead as Indicative of National Short Comings:
Ignacio Manuel
Altamirano
La
Piedad
Ignorance and Disorder
Public Drunkenness and Debauchery
Panteon
Frances
Elitism
Ostentation
San Fernando
New National Heroes
The Immortality of IdeasSlide27
The tomb of Benito JuarezSlide28
Putting Popular Culture to work: The Dead, the nation, and Social commentarySlide29
Diego Rivera’s Judas Burning
Scape Goats
Rich Man
Revolutionary General
Priest
Beneath them…El Pueblo
Workers
PeasantsSlide30
Religioius Rituals as Satirical Opportunity: Judas Burning (and Calaveras)Slide31
Jose Guadalupe Posada: Black ComedySlide32
The Calavera Tradition