김진아 amp 유시현 Approaches to English Grammar Explanation 유시현 Sihyeon Yoo Overview 1 Basic Forms 1 Infinitives 2 Gerunds 3 Bare infinitives He ID: 697977
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Slide1
Infinitives & Gerunds
김진아
& 유시현
Approaches to English Grammar Slide2
Explanation
유시현
(Sihyeon
Yoo
)Slide3
Overview
Slide4
1. Basic Forms
1) Infinitives
2) Gerunds3) Bare infinitives
He
wanted
to see
her again.
She
told him to get lost. She continued walking. He couldn’t bear her leaving him. He watched her walk away.
No overt mark for grammatical information such as tense A few sets of verb forms
He hopes that she goes insane without him. She regrets that she ever went out with him.
Non-finite forms
(complements – actions & events)
Fi
Finite forms (complements)
Marked overtly!
A wide range of verb forms Slide5
Structures
Examples
NP + V + ( X )+ to-VI want to sing.
NP + V + NP
object + to-V
I want Joe/him
to sing
.
NP + V + NP object + V
I heard Joe/him
sing. NP + V + ( X )+ V-ingI hate singing. NP + V + NP object + V-ing
I hate Joe/him singing. NP + V + NP
possessive + V-ingI hate Joe’s/his singing. Basic Forms : Structures with infinitive and gerund complement verbs
Differences? Slide6
2. Basic Meanings
: verbs and their non-finite complements
1)Verbs with only to-V2)Verbs
with only –
ing
3)Verbs
with both to-V & -
ing
agreeallowarrangebegchoosedecidedeclinehopeofferpromisetellwantavoidconsiderdetestenjoy
fancyfinishkeeppostponepracticeresent
resistsuggestbeginceasecontinuedreadforgethatelikeloveprefer
regret
rememberstop
Future possibilities
Situations already established
Non-factual
Actually happened
He forgot to take his medicine.
He forgot taking his medicine. Slide7
3
. Meanings in context
Noun-like events (Gerunds)She resented
his going
there without her.
He enjoyed
going
there alone.
He considered
going
to the beach. He suggested going to the museum. 2) Verb-like actions (To infinitives) She told him to go without her. He wanted her to go, too. 3) Deny and refuse Peter denied
going to the party. Peter refused to go to the party.
Whether the focus is onthe event
t
he act
[Slide8
4. Types of verbs
Commitment verbs (to infinitives)
Other-directed (allow)He ordered us to get out.
He convinced us
to leave
immediately.
He arranged for us
to leave
at once.
He longed for us
to return. Self-directed (decide) They threatened to shoot us. We decided to surrender. Why to-V? -> ACTION Slide9
4. Types of verbs
2)
Aspectual verbs : do not denote separate actions GerundsShe finished
singing
, but the band carried on
playing
.
He had to give up
smoking
, but the other kept
doing it. To infinitives I turned the key and the engine suddenly started to splutter into life. Just as suddenly it died and ceased to make a sound. -> EVENT with duration-> ACTION at a point in time Slide10
4. Types of verbs
3)
Sensory perception verbs (gerunds & bare infinitive) She saw him trip over
the cat.
Seconds later she heard him
cursing
.
-> The perceived
event(or action)
is ongoing or not
In the dream she saw herself falling. Suddenly she felt herself jerk awake. Slide11
Teaching suggestions
김진아
(Jin-A Kim)Slide12
Activity 1 : using context
Level : Upper intermediate middle school students
Focus : the problem of whether verbs are followed by the gerund or infinitive
Aim:
to grasp the difference in meaning between a verb which can be followed by both, but with different meanings.Slide13Slide14
Activity 2- Tell me about…
Level: Pre-intermediate
Aim: To answer questions with gerunds and infinitives.Slide15Slide16
Activity 3: Storytelling competition
Level: Upper intermediate
Aim: to know whether the verb displayed in the wheel is followed by infinitive or gerund.Slide17
Thank you!