Spinrad - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Spinrad/World History

Ch. 17. 5 The Cold War ThawsHungarian-students and toppled Stalin statue, 1956Slide2

I. Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe and China

A. Destalinization

& Rumblings of Protest

Nikita Khrushchev began a policy called

de-Stalinization or purging of Stalin’s memoryHe destroyed Stalin monuments and called for purging the Soviet Union from Stalin’s “cult of personality and called for “peaceful competition” with capitalist states"Politicians are the same all over. They promise to build a bridge even where there is no river."Slide3

A.

Destalinization & Rumblings of Protest in Satellite Countries

3. Hungary hoped for freedom with Stalin’s death. In

October of 1956

a popular liberal Communist named Imre Nagy who wanted to end Soviet control in his country formed a new governmentHungarians freedom fighters were overwhelmed by a Soviet invasion of tanks and infantryThe Soviet Army entered Budapest, the capitol, and took control; executing ImreSlide4

B. The Revolt in Czechoslovakia

As

a result of the Cuban missile crisis in

1962 Nikita

Khruschev lost prestige and was replaced by Leonid Brezhnev in 1964 Brezhnev adopted oppressive polices limiting human rights in the Soviet Union and throughout Soviet satellite countriesSlide5

B. The Revolt in Czechoslovakia

3. He adopted the Brezhnev Doctrine that gave the Soviets the right to prevent its satellite countries from rejecting communism

This

was put into effect when Alexander Dubcek wanted to loosen govt. control and put a “human face” on socialism in the Czech

republic—the “Prague Spring”Aug 20, 1968, the Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia.'Lenin wake up, Brezhnev has gone mad.'Slide6

C. The Soviet-Chinese Split

The Soviets assumed that the Chinese would follow Soviet leadership in world affairs.

The Chinese resented being told what to do.

The

Mao-Stalin 30-year treaty of friendship ended earlywith mistrust and even military skirmishes along the their bordersSlide7

II. From Brinkmanship to Détente

A. Brinkmanship Breaks Down

The

U.S. and Soviets in the 1970’s begin to back away from the aggressive policies of the early post war

years, because they wanted to avoid a nuclear war and world destructionUS and Soviet Union wanted to avoid future crises like the U-2 incident and Cuban missile CrisisTensions remained high. Trying to stop the spread of communism, President Johnson escalated US involvement in VietnamNixon’s “détente” would replace brinkmanship as US policySlide8

B. The U.S. Turns to Détente

Détente

was a policy to lessening Cold War tensions led by Richard M. Nixon

This came from a philosophy called

realpolitik meaning dealing with other nations in a practical and flexible mannerNixon visited the USSR and was the first president to visit China. “We want the Chinese with us when we sit down and negotiate with the Russians.”Slide9

B. The U.S. Turns to Détente

4. Nixon and Brezhnev signed the SALT I treaty limited ICBMs and submarine-launched missiles to 1972 levels5.

In

1975, 33 nations joined the US and USSR in signing a commitment to détente and cooperation

, the Helsinki accordsSlide10

The Collapse of Detente

President Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev signed the SALT II agreements in 1979However, when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan later that year, Congress refused to ratify the arms limitation agreementSlide11

The Collapse of Detente

Reagan discarded détente and challenged the SovietsIncreased defense spendingStrategic Defense Initiative (SDI or “Star Wars”)Arming the Taliban

and Contras