Temperature vs Heat With your neighbor try to distinguish between temperature and heat Qualitatively and Quantitatively Thermal Energy Heat amp Temperature How would you describe the temperature of a steaming cup of coffee ID: 680696
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Slide1
Temperature:Fahrenheit, Celsius, and KelvinSlide2
Temperature vs. HeatWith your neighbor, try to distinguish between temperature and heat.
(Qualitatively and Quantitatively)Slide3
Thermal Energy (Heat) & TemperatureHow would you describe the temperature of a steaming cup of coffee?
If you said it is “hot” do you mean:
A) It has high temperature
Or
B) It has a large amount of thermal energy?Slide4
Let’s think about Temperature
and
Thermal Energy
and see if there is a difference.Slide5
TemperatureOperational Definition: Defined in terms of how a property is measured.
-Thermometers have a liquid that when placed in contact with another body either expands or contracts.
-To be useful, a thermometer needs a scale with major and minor delineationsSlide6
Celsius1742 Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius used a mercury thermometer and defined his scale in terms of critical points of pure water.
Advantages:
-Reproducible
-Scale of 10 Disadvantages: -Arbitrary zero value
-Negative numbersTC
(T
F
- 32°)
CONVERSIONSlide7
Kelvin1848, British scientist, William Thomson Lord Kelvin developed a scale that relies on the average kinetic energy of atoms.
Advantages:
-Absolute scale
-Empirical -No Negatives -Still a scale of 10
TK = TC + 273
CONVERSIONSlide8
TemperatureRoughly speaking, temperature is a comparative measure of hot and cold Kelvin is based on measuring the average kinetic energy of atoms in a sample…Slide9
Thermal EnergyThe sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the atoms/molecules in a body. Thermal Energy is also referred to as INTERNAL Energy.Slide10
Temperature in the basic sense, is a measurement of hot and cold.Specifically, temperature gives us a measure of the average kinetic
energy
of
particles in a sample
Heat represents the total kinetic energy of particles in a sample
Temperature vs. HeatSlide11
Temperature
Peak emittance
wavelength
[65]
of
black-body radiation
Kelvin
Degrees Celsius
Absolute zero
(precisely by definition)
0 K
−273.15 °C
cannot be defined
Coldest temperature
achieved
[66]
100
pK
−273.149999999900 °C
29,000 km
Coldest Bose–Einstein
condensate
[67]
450
pK
−273.14999999955 °C
6,400
km
One millikelvin
(precisely by definition)
0.001 K
−273.149 °C
2.89777 m
(radio,
FM band
)
[68]
Water
's
triple point
(precisely by definition)
273.16 K
0.01 °C
10,608.3 nm
(long wavelength
I.R.
)
Water's
boiling point
[A]
373.1339 K
99.9839 °C
7,766.03 nm
(mid wavelength I.R.)
Incandescent lamp
[B]
2500 K
≈2,200 °C
1,160 nm
(near
infrared
)
[C]
Sun's
visible surface
[D]
[69]
5,778 K
5,505 °C
501.5 nm
(
green-blue light
)
Lightning bolt's
channel
[E]
28 kK
28,000 °C
100 nm
(far
ultraviolet
light)
Sun's core
[E]
16 MK
16 million °C
0.18 nm (
X-rays
)
Thermonuclear weapon
(peak temperature)
[E]
[70]
350 MK
350 million °C
8.3×10
−3
nm
(
gamma rays
)
Sandia National Labs'
Z machine
[E]
[71]
2 GK
2 billion °C
1.4×10
−3
nm
(gamma rays)
[F]
Core of a
high-mass
star on its last day
[E]
[72]
3 GK
3 billion °C
1×10
−3
nm
(gamma rays)
Merging binary
neutron
star
system
[E]
[73]
350 GK
350 billion °C
8×10
−6
nm
(gamma rays)
Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider
[E]
[74]
1 TK
1 trillion °C
3×10
−6
nm
(gamma rays)
CERN's
proton vs
nucleus collisions
[E]
[75]
10 TK
10 trillion °C
3×10
−7
nm
(gamma rays)
Universe
5.391×10
−44
s
after the
Big Bang
[E]
1.417×10
32
K
1.417×10
32
°C
1.616×10
−27
nm
(Planck Length)
[76]Slide12
Physical Properties that Depend on Temperature Slide13
Temperature ScalesFahrenheit (
o
F
)
*Introduced in 1724 *Defined by 2 fixed points based on the properties of water (32- freezing pt/212-boiling point) *First modern thermometer (Hg)
Celsius (oC)*Introduced 18 years later (1742)
*Defined by setting boiling point of water to 0
o
and
boiling point to 100
o
*Absolute zero in Celsius is -273.15
o
Kelvin
*Introduced 1848
*Zero point set to Absolute Zero Slide14
Converting Between ScalesCelsius and Fahrenheit
o
C
= 5/9(
o
F – 32)oF
= 9/5
o
+ 32Slide15
K=
o
C
+ 273
Converting Between ScalesCelsius and KelvinSlide16
PracticeConvert 32o
F into Celsius (Proof of Concept)Slide17
PracticeConvert 32o
C into KSlide18
PracticeConvert 580o
F into K