Ă̄Ԇyࠂऊ̋఍cЅ� - PDF document

Ă̄Ԇyࠂऊ̋఍cЅఉԃఋഃ؄ऎЋȃ P̌؉nጔity, Cጌ̃r ጏd Aptitude T̆ts Introduࠋion Ă̄Ԇycohm cଃ hԃs rഃsycฆmcnഅhc ฆec hecdhsԊvchሓhԌh̔hcrec ขcጕᘇrls rഃcഗ ጊdlfഏh Ԍlc hm mAcIyycകpc hm mcsԂcᨂᬂyഓhRcᔊr̜csጓԍᬂRcmlrh̄rᜌlcnh ญᨊ s̚csԂcᘆmhRcഃchm sᘇrmขRchnጌprlsycs̚c ขഅdDᘆmhRcԂmhsԔธcẆrἂcഄขp ጕᘇrmขԊmcĂ̄Ԇycohm cmᔖfhl mcsyycr mcጅചᔔ mc icԂᰕyspcԂsmmhmmnh̄cs̚cԂᬌmrഃ ich̊ᔅhc ฆ c ขdcԂnsrecԂyhᬆ̄c ic ขcԂsyr rhmcഗc ขchnayidnhe cs̚clsԂhԊ nsԟh mࠆ̚ࠏhh ࠄขࠃhhᨊࠍᜈᘍ fࠡഖᴊhhἂԊࠆࠜ̚Ԇᨕs hmA qข ขpc ขdvԂcsrnhRcs cตnsecԂmകԔhmcጅഗhmmrഃsymcഅc ขcᰂ̂Ԇycጕᘇrlmchslf hm crmcᨂᬂyഓhRcsllഅᨌ̜c ic ขcmsnhcԌᰍԍᔊcᬆyrᨆ rഃclԌ hԌscs̚cnhh mc ข msnhࠊ Ԍ̜h̄ࠣᔆyr ဈm s̚sԚm᠈ qhcฆᬂcsc̕nᘂpcഗchm sᘇrmขRcጆԄ̂Ԋcrec ขcԂlԕr nh̄cmhl അmcmᔔfcsm S hጤ ഃhmcMഃm hԠcs̚cSᔔlhmmc&cĆԂhԠcwญcsԂcฆጓdc icsyyധcᔊc icԂysdcകp ഃyr̂c hm mcᜅഏc ขrpcwh,mr hmmcs̚c ich̚അmhcകpc hm mcrec ขrpcጅഏഄrഃsy ns hԌsyAc ଃc ฌmcᨍlᔏh̄mcwhcญጂc icmh cക c ขcጊdlญnh ԌlclԌ hԌsc ฆ cᔃᨂԇrhc ข ᨂᬂyഓnhe cഗcsc hm cs̚cmญwc ขcጅഔhmmcഗcᬂԌᜌls rഃcr cᔃᨂԜംmcᘂᜍԂcᘂr̜ ysᔃlขRcഃc ขcnsԟh Acqhcsymicญጂc icᰌᬂcscᘅrhCcᰕrᨂc icԂsᨌ̜cs̚ r̄hԓԂ r̜ࠄขࠄhm ࠅhmᔇ mAc ᔆychomeଌic proper଍es PhԌചrlcԂsmmhmmnhe cs̚cഃᰍr̜cnചrCrls rഃcsԂchmmh̄rsyc ich̊ᔅhc ฆ csyycകp hm mcԂnsrecԂyhᬆ̄cs̚csጓyrls,yhAcĂ̄Ԇycohm cԂᰕysԇdclsԅrhmcക c ญԍᔜf Ԃᬌhwmcഗc ขcጊdlญnh prlcጅഓhԄrhmcഗcsyycr mchᬆyᔆ rഃc ഍ymAcoขmhcԂᬌmrഃm r̛ഇᬂcᔓᨆ r̜cഗc ขc⌕hm rഃ̆rԂclഃ h̄mcԂᬌhwr̜c ขcm s rm rlsycs̆ydmrmc i h̊ᔅhcr crmcm ryycጂԄr̂̄mcs̚clsԅdreScക cᬆyrᨌ dcm ᔚrhmAc⤂ᜍԂcs̐c hm crm ጕᘇrmขᨠࠌ ࠌmࠂᬆyᔆ hRࠌeࠄhԏmࠍᜈ ขࠗഇyധr̜: ⬂yrsᘌyr dࠆ̚ࠓԂlrmrഃ Vsyrᨌ d SഔrsyࠚhmrԆᘌyr d SഔrഝyhᰆyࠔഃmrᨂԆ rഃm Ćyrᘅs rഃ ᨃᐍabഔഋyГndЅrecആഉn ⬂yrsᘌyr dcԂᜂԊc icญwclഃmrm h̄ydcsc hm cnhsmᔅhmcscጆԄrlᔇspcጂԊഃsyr dc Ԇr cഅ lഏah h̔hAcଗcsecr̚rᬌᨕsyc sἂmcsc hm cnഅhc ฆecഃlhmcwryycขcഅcmขcᰂ c ขcmsnh mlഅhchslfc rnh?cIc hm c ฆ cᰌᬂmcmrnryspcmlഅhmcᜍpcsecs Ԍᘕ hcഅcmἌyyc rnhcsᜄhp rnhcrmcmsrRc icnhsmᔅhc ฆ c Ԇr cԂyrsᘇdmcഅcጅhlrmhydAc⤕ cwhcmญᔇRcsywsdmc sἂ r̄iclഃmrᨂԆ rഃc ฆ crecᘂฆᬌകԆycmlrh̔hmcnhsmᔅhnh̄crmcsywsdmcr̗yᔂ̔hRc,d sࠃᔏᘂpࠍᜈhሄhԃsyࠛsԌsᘇhmࠊᔔfࠆm: oขࠓsmmr̜ࠓmdlญyജrlsyࠆ̚ࠓfdmrlsyࠊ s hࠍᜈ ขࠓhԊഃࠄsἌ̜ࠄขࠄhm c Dhᰅhhmcഗcᜆ rᰕhcs̚cyhᬂymcഗcs̒rh dcഅcnഄrbs rഃcᬆpdcᜍpcsyycഗcᔊcᜅഏcᨆdc i ᨆdAcSᔔfcᜆl അmcr̗yᔂ̔hcญwcwhcጂԗഅncഃcsc hm cs̚cwryycฆᬂcscᘂsԌ̜cഃcകp Ԃmᔇ mA E̛rԍenh̄syࠗsl അm E̛rԍenh̄sycᨌ᜗hԂ̔hmcrec ขc hm cyഔs rഃmcmᔔfcsmcᬆԌs rഃmcrec hnጂps ᔅhm sn,rh̄cyrᰎ cs̚cᘆlἜԍᔃRc̍rmhmclsecsyycs᜗hl cጂԗഅns̔hcs̚cᜅsnhcഗcnr̚ s̚ࠌ̗yᔂ̔hࠅhmᔇ mA oขmhcs̚cഄขpcᜆl അmcsԂclഏni̇dcԂᜂԅhRc icsmc“Ԇ̚ഏcnhsmᔅhnh̄chԅഅm”A ଗc ขԂcwsmc̍cԆ̚ഏcnhsmᔅhnh̄chԅഅmcr̚rᬌᨕsymcwകyRcฆᬂc ขcmsnhc hm mlഅhmc ขrpc“ ԕhcmlഅh”chslfc rnhc ขdc ഍gc ขc hm Acoขcᨂᰅhhc icwฌlfcs ጊdlfഏh Ԍlc hm crmcԂmrm s̄c icԆ̚ഏcnhsmᔅhnh̄chԅഅmcrmcr̚rls rbhcഗcญw Ԃyrsᘇhcr crmAc⬂yrsᘇhcsmmhmmnh̄c hm mcጅചᔔhcᨂጂ̚sᘇhmclഃmrm h̄cr̗അns rഃ sᘍᔄc hm ᴄsἂԊvcጂԊഃsyr dc Ԇr mcs̚cmἌyymAcoขԂcsԂcmhᬂԆyc dጂmcഗcԂyrsᘌyr d nhsmᔅhnh̄c ฆ cs᜗hl cጊdlญnh prlc hm r̜mcs̚chslfcrmcr̗yᔂ̔hRcᘐcᨌ᜗hԂ̄ ls hᰍԌhmcഗcnhsmᔅhnhe chԅഅAcFഅc hm mcᨂᬂyഓhRcs cĂ̄Ԇycohm mc wic dጂmcsԂ ጆԄrlᔇsԇဈԂyhᬆ̄: ࠋ̄hԃsyࠔഃmrm h̔ဈԂyrsᘌyr dc oฌmcԂᜂԊc ic ขcԂyrsᘌyr dcഗc ขcwsdcrecwฌlfc ขc⌕hm rഃmcwr ฌecsc hm cnhsmᔅh scጆԄrlᔇspclฆԆl hprm rlcഅcsᘌyr dAcଃ hԃsyclഃmrm h̔dcrmcᔊᔆyydcnhsmᔅhR sllഅᨌ̜c icąഃᘆlฑmcsyጎsclം᜗rlrh̄cഗcԂyrsᘌyr dmcwฌlfcԆ̜hmcᜅഏc0c㔇ധ Ԃyrsᘌyr d)c ic1c㔎rᰎcԂyrsᘌyr d㘘cIcฌᰎclം᜗rlrh̄cr̚rls hmc ฆ c ขc⌕hm rഃmcre ขc hm csԂcmrnryspcreclഃ h̄mcഅcᔃrᜍԏAc଄crmcrnግԄse c ic̍ hc ฆ c ขc̕nᘂpcഗ ⌕hm rഃmcrecsc hm clsecsymics᜗hl cr mcr̄hԃsyclഃmrm h̔dcs̚cscᬂԐcyഃSc hm clse drhyRࠆ̈r̗ys hRࠅhyrsᘌyr ဈlം᜗rlrh̄A ohm DԂ hm ࠅhyrsᘌyr d oฌmcԂᜂԊc iࠎധclഃmrm h̄yဈ ขcᜌ̚r̜mcഗcsࠄhm csԂࠅhጂs hRcwr จ ขࠓsmmsᰂcഗ rnhAcohm ᴅh hm cԂyrsᘌyr dcsymicᨂጂ̚mcഃc ขcm sᘌyr dcഗc ขclฆԆl hԌm rlcഅ sᘌyr dcᘂr̜cnhsmᔅhᨘcSഏhclฆԆl hԌm rlmcsԂcnഅhcm sᘇhc ฆecഄขԊAcFഅ hሆnጇhmcsecr̚rᬌᨕsyᄊcԂsᨌ̜csᘌyr dcrmcnഅhcm sᘇhcഛhpcscጂԌചcഗc rnhc ฆecrm ฌmcyhᬂycഗcs̒rh dAcSic ขc hm DԂ hm cԂyrsᘌyr dclം᜗rlrh̄crmcyrἂydc icᘂcyധhpcᜍp Ԇr mࠄฆ ࠆԂࠆmmᔏhRࠄഈᬆpdࠧr fࠄขࠓsmmsᰂࠍᜈ rnhA Ïsllhጄsᘇhࠏhsmᔅhnh̄ࠍᜈԂyrsᘌyr ဈwryyࠚhጂ̚ࠍ̈ ขࠄdahࠍᜈ hm ࠄฆ ᄊࠖhr̜ sἂeࠌ̈linᘌ̆ rഃࠧr fࠄขࠔം᜗rlrhe ࠄฆ ᄊࠖhr̜ࠆጓyrhᨘ Tȃ p sy Vsyrᨌ dcrmc ขࠏഊ ࠌnግԄse ࠔԌ hԌഃc ഈᘂspࠌecnrࠧ̚ขeࠐകࠆԂclญഊr̜ࠆࠄhm A ଄ࠅhᜂԊࠄഈ ขࠆllᔅslဈwr จwฌlfࠆࠄhm ࠏhsmᔅhmࠄขࠓhԊഃsyr dࠄԆr mࠍԈsᘌyr rhmࠌ mh mcക c ichᬆyᔆ hAcVsyrᨌ dcᰌᬂmcnhser̜c ic ขc hm cmlഅhmcs̚cᰌᬂmcsᔄญԌ dc i ขcyr̟cᘂ whhecญwcsecr̚rᬌᨕsycጂԗഅnmcrec ขc hm cs̚c ขc hm ᄊcm s hR nhsmᔅhnh̄clԌ hԌsAc଄c hyymc Pmcsᘍᔄc ขcᨂᰅhhc icwฌlfcr crmcግmmrᘇhc icᨅsw mጂlrᜌlclഃlyᔊrഃmcഅcጅhᨌl rഃmmcᘆmhRcഃcsecr̚rᬌᨕsyᄊc hm cmlഅh;crecഄขp wഅᨊmcr cጅഛrᨂmcr̗അns rഃcഃc ขch᜗rlsldcഗc ขc hm Ac FഅchሆnayhmcrCcsc hm crmcs ᬆyrRcጅhᨌl അcഗcጂԗഅns̔hcᜍpcscጆԄrlᔇspcfഖmcwhclseclഃlyᔚhc ฆ cmഏhഃh wr fcscฌᰎcmlഅhcwryycᘂcnഅhcmᔌ sᘇhcᜍpc ฆ cግm c ฆecscጂԊഃcwr fcscyധcmlഅhc– syyࠄฌ̜mࠖhr̜ࠂ⌕syAc ଄crmcrnግԄse c icᔃᨂpm s̚c ขcᨌ᜗hԂ̔hcᘂ whhecԂyrsᘌyr dcs̚cᬆyrᨌ dAcVsyrᨌ d r̗അnmcPmcsᘍᔄc ขchሄh̄c icwฌlfcsc hm csllᔅs hydchᬆyᔆ hmcsecr̚rᬌᨕsyᄊ sᘌyr rhmcഅcጂԊഃsyr d;cԂyrsᘌyr dc hyymcPmc ขchሄh̄c icwฌlfcsc hm crmcm sᘇhcഅ lഃmrm h̄Aࠉhm ࠛsyrᨌ ဈrmࠂm sᘇrmขRࠌeࠅhᜂԂ̔hࠄഈsࠊጂlrᜌlࠍ,fhl rᬂA ⬂mhsԔขԊࠅhᜂԈ iࠏseဈᨌ᜗hԂ̄ࠟr̚mࠍᜈᬆyrᨌ dA࠹iwhᬂԠࠆyyc ls̈ᘂࠔysmmrᜌhR r̄iࠄฅhhࠖԍsᨈls hᰍԌhm: ąr hԌഃDԂys hRࠛsyrᨌ d oฌmcrmcnhsmᔅhRcᘐchሆnř̜c ขclഅԂys rഃcᘂ whhec hm cጂԗഅnselhcs̚cse hሄhԃsyclԌ hԌഃcmᔔfcsmcഃᴄขDfഖcጂԗഅns̔hAcଃcഄขpcwഅRmmcwhcmญᔇRchሓhl r̚rᬌᨕsymcwญcᰂ cscฌᰎcmlഅhcrec ขc hm c icጂԗഅncᘂ hpcഃc ขcfഖc ฆe r̚rᬌᨕsymcwr fcscyധc hm cmlഅhAcଗc ขchሄhԃsyclԌ hԌഃc㔡ഖcጂԗഅns̔h)c sἂm ጇslhcs c ขcmsnhc rnhcsmc ขc hm mcwhclsyycr c lഃlᔅԂ̄cᬆyrᨌ d cଗc ขc hm c sἂm ጇslhࠗrԊ ࠆ̚ࠄขࠂሄhԃsyࠔԌ hԌഃࠌmࠂሆnr̂Rࠇs hԠࠧhࠔsyyࠌ c ጅhᨌl rᬂࠛsyrᨌ dA č̄h̄DԂys hRࠛsyrᨌ d oฌmcrmcm ᔚrhRࠖဈhሆnř̜cwข ขpࠄขc hm ࠔഃ h̄crmcԂጅhmh̄s rᬂࠍCࠄขࠆmጂl m ഗcfഖᴅhys hRcᘂฆᬌകpc ฆ cwhcws̄c icnhsmᔅhAcFഅchሆnጇhmcrecsc hm csmmhmmr̜ msyhmࠓഄh̄rsymࠄขࠄhm ࠣᔂm rഃmࠏᔊ ࠖhࠅhyhᬆ̄ࠄഈ ขࠅh⌕rԂnh̄mࠍᜈ ขࠡഖ s̚ ขcԂmᔇ mcnᔊ cnhsmᔅhcญwcwhyyc ขmhcԂ⌕rԂnhe mcs̚c⌕syrᜌls rഃmcฆᬂcᘂhe nh Acohm clഃ h̄cmญᔇRcsymicԂᜇhl c ขcyhᬂycഗcᔃᨂԊ s̚r̜cഗc ขc sԜh ግጕys rഃAc č̊ ԕl DԂys hRࠛsyrᨌ d oฌmcԂ⌕rԂmcscᨂnഃm ps rഃc ฆ c ขc hm cnhsmᔅhmc ขc Ԇr cഅcsᘌyr dc㔔ഃm ԕl )cr lysrnmc icnhsmᔅhAcFഅchሆnጇhmcsc hm cᜍpcscmጂlrᜌlcጅഗhmmrഃsycsጄr ᔚhcnᔊ smmhmmcsecr̚rᬌᨕsyᄊcᜇsrpcᜍpc ฆ cጅഗhmmrഃmcs̚c̍ c ขrpcyhᬂycഗcni rᬆ rഃA č̊ ԕl DԂys hRࠛsyrᨌ dࠌmࠜĥԆyyဈsmmhmmhRࠌ̈ wഈᨌm r̔ ࠧsdm:c BdcsmἌ̜cscጆ̂ycഗchሓhԄmc icsmmhmmcญwcwhyyc ขc hm c⌕hm rഃmclഅԂys h wr fc ขcጆԄrlᔇspcsᘌyr dcഅclฆԆl hԌm rlc ฆ c ขc hm cmh mcക c icnhsmᔅh ᜆlhࠛsyrᨌ d Bdc sᨏrerm hԌ̜c ขc hm csyഃᰊrᨂchm sᘇrmขRc hm mcᨂᬂyഓhRc icnhsmᔅh ขࠊsnhࠔഃm ԕl mmࠆ̚ࠂሆnř̜ࠄขࠔഅԂys rഃࠖh whhec ขn࠵ lഃᬂԜh̄ ᬆyrᨌ d cഅc,ဈsᨏrerm hԌ̜c ขc hm csyഃᰊrᨂchm sᘇrmขRc hm mcᨂᬂyഓhRc i nhsmᔅhclഃᬂԊhclഃm ԕl mmcs̚chሆnř̜c ขrpclഅԂys rഃc( ᨌᬂԜh̄ ᬆyrᨌ d oขc ฅhhc dጂmcഗcᬆyrᨌ dmclԌ hԌഃDԂys hᨠclഃ h̄DԂys hᨠcs̚clഃm ԕl DԂys hᨠ sԂcPmhRcrecᨌ᜗hԂ̄clrԔPnm s̔hmc icmᔓግԄc ขcᬆyrᨆ rഃcഗc hm mAc ଃcᰂ̂Ԇymc ข ฅhhࠏh ญᨊࠍᬂԇsaࠖᔄࠃഄࠆyyࠆԂࠆጓԍጅrs hࠄഈhᬂpဈmr ᔆ rഃA csomtr؍ȃoซnؐoᄂe p ؇onؒp tnoȍtoaȍi tpoᐒso rᔖᐒntoȏoCteeoȏoAyotI؋irȃ tIRti؏b Sᐓ ȃoDtn iȘ e sy IcmഔrsycᨂmrԆᘌyr dcᘌsmcᨂmlԌᘂmcጂഓyhᄊcr̔yr̆ rഃc icጅhmh̄c ขnmhybhmcrecs nഅhcᜆᬍᔅsᘇhcyrᰎ Ac⤂lsᔊhcwhcsԂcmഔrsycᘂr̜mmcጂഓyhc h̚c icmhhgcക cmഔrsy sllhጄselhcs̚c ขcsጓԍᬆycഗcഄขԊAcoขĉhRc icsጓhspcmഔrsyydcᨂmrԆᘇhcrmcഃh ขcnsfഅcᘌsmhmcrecጂԊഃsyr dc hm mmcs̚cr crmcscᜆl അc ฆ crmchᬂecnഅhcጅഃക̔hR rec ขclഃ hሄcഗcԂlԕr nh̄mcwขԂcscls̚rᨆ hcrmcഗ hec hnጄhRc icᰌᬂcscmഔrsyyd sllhጄs,yhࠆ̊whԈreࠍԚhԈ ഈrnጅhmmࠄขࠅhlԕr hԘ ḋo,ȑtoptᄋeᐚtpohon؍ȆtgyoؔoᐑtiaᐠtoؖtoRiᐘetmoᐡonᐓ ȃoptn iȘ e ؇ A ȏboceeoᐒio؋nsoqutn؄ᐌnoȍtoitᄄtCtpoؔotrnuitoؖtyoȍtorᐆonunatR؄Aetoؔ nᐓ ȃअtn iȘ e ؇घ ȏb Sᐓ ᐕaueؒiȃoaᐌn ptiȆ ᐌn ଄ᄊcrnግp s̄c ฆ cs cጊdlfഏh Ԍlc hm cmญᔇRc̍ cᘂcᘌsmhRchr ขpc ധsԚmcഅcsᰆr̊ scጆԄrlᔇspcmഔrഝlᔇ ᔅsycᰅകጘc଄cmญᔇRc̍ cᨌmlԌnr̆ hcഃc ขcᘆmrmcഗc ข Ԃyrᰌഃmcᰂ̚hԠch ฃrlr dcഅclᔇ ᔅhcഗc ขcጂԊഃcwญcጆmmhmc ขc hm Ac qขe ᨂᬂyഓr̜cകpc ഍ymmcsyycകpc⌕hm rഃmcsԂcጌ lขRcmic ฆ c ขdcᨍc̍ cᜆᬍᔅcs ጆԄrlᔇspcግጕys rഃAcDᔅr̜cᬆyrᨆ rഃcm ᔚrhmmc ขcԂys rഃmฌጊcᘂ whhe ᨂnജpsጎrlcᬆԌsᘇhmcs̚ࠄhm cmlഅhmࠆԂcԂᬌhwhRcreࠍԚhpࠄicጅhᬂ̄ࠓഄh̄rsyࠖrsmA oฌmࠆyyധmࠕmࠄഈᘕryRࠊh̊r rᬂࠆ̚ࠕ̖rsmhᨈ hm mA mȃ AiȆ ᐌ ଃc hԏmcഗcnhsmᔅr̜cmἌyymcs̚clฆԆl hprm rlmmcr crmcPmh᜕yc iclഏasԂc ขcԂmᔇ mcഗ ᨌ᜗hԂ̄cr̚rᬌᨕsymAcଃcഅᨂpc icᨍc ฌmmcwhcฆᬂcᨂᬌmhRclsyrᘅs rഃcmdm hnmc ฆ ᰅകገmlഅhmࠆllഅᨌ̜c ഈญwcᜅh⌕h̄yဈ ขဈഔlᔅࠌeࠄขࠅhᜂԂ̔hࠓഓᔇs rഃAc oข ԂᜂԂ̔hcግጕys rഃcrmclഏግmhRcഗcscԂጅhmh̄s rᬂcmsnayhcഗcጂഓyhcwญcmฆԂc ข msnhcmഔrഇജrlsyclฆԆl hԌm rlmc㔆ᰂmchᨕls rഃcyhᬂymcmഔrഝጅഗhmmrഃsycᰅകጠ ᰂ̚hԠch lᠶcsmc ขcls̚rᨆ hmcwญcsԂc sἌ̜c ขc hm AcIcmlഅhc ฆ crmclsyrᘅs hR ግmr rഃmࠄขࠄhm D sἂԊࠌeࠅhys rഃࠄഈ ขࠅhm ࠍᜈ ขࠅhᜂԂ̔hࠓഓᔇs rഃA ceeऊtr؍ȃऎtnأnंR؄ؒptआtn؏खȑtओȃ AiȆtpएaᐍtnb