4 th amp 5 th may 2022 Presentation of the site and issues faced A storage facility for soil contaminated with oil drilling mud Average TPH content 30 000 mgkg volume 16 000 m 3 ID: 1025114
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1. NICOLE spring workshopPhytoremediation as a way of improving underground and above ground biodiversity4th & 5th may 2022
2. Presentation of the site and issues facedA storage facility for soil contaminated with oil drilling mudAverage TPH content = 30 000 mg/kg, volume = 16 000 m3 Rural area, remote location, no water or electricity No time constraint – future use : agriculture2.“Soft” remediation technics :bio and phytoremediationGoals for the remediation : achieve pollution abatement, limit installation and operating costsregenerate soil of good agronomic quality, suitable for cultivation
3. Focus on the soil as a living ecosystem3.Humintech GmbHK.A. LemkeTexturePorosityCompactionMicro organisms abundance and diversityMeso-macro faunaPlants & rhizospherepHNutrients contentOrganic matterWater holding capacityCECNutrients cyclingStructureSurface sealingAerial part : plants counting, vegetation cover and height, growth stage, mass, hydrocarbon contentUnderground part : roots countingOverall : omega 3Hydrocarbon contentNPKCEC & base saturation
4. Experimental protocolGoals for the pilot test :Assess the benefits of phytoremediation vs bioremediationDetermine best conditions for the treatmentScale up the treatment : residual pollution, length, costs, organisation, etc.Control plots : arable soil planted with same species + pile of contaminated soil4.A2/8B4/6A4/6A2/8aA4/6aB4/6aB2/8aB2/8C2/8C4/6C2/8aC4/6amixing platformmixing platformBCAbioremediationbioremediation + phyto remediation at T+2Mbioremediation + phyto remediation at T+4MA 4/6 abio / phyto remediationComposition polluted soil / arable soil + compostamending (lime)
5. Selection of the plantsA multi parameters choice :5.Potential for hydrocarbons remediation (bibliography)Schedule and organization of the pilot test (perennial plant, not a tree)Adaptation to pedo climatic conditionsComplementarity of roots system (tapping roots + fasciculate roots)Cultivated species (seed availability, references)Agronomic qualities (atmospheric nitrogen fixation, soil cover)Alfafa + English ray grass (local varieties)Biodiversity ? 2 introduced speciesMeant to enhance underground biodiversity (rhizobium leguminorasum)
6. Cultural operationsAgronomic approach and tools – Old farmer’s wisdom !6.PilesSoil surface> Farm tool : harrowInoculationSeeding densityNPK fertilizer = starter> Agricultural references : technical institutes, producer union, etc.No fertilization, no pesticideControl purpose onlyNo yield objective> Mowing and weighing aerial biomassOverseedingDroughtIrrigation> Calculation tools for water holding capacity, irrigation quantityHeavy rains
7. Results : pollution / microbial diversity Similar evolutionsReduction of pollution : similar concentration limit (~1900 mg/kg at 50M) and kineticsWithin rhizopiles, decrease in soil hydrocarbon content depends on roots progression through the pile adjustment of the pile's height from 1m to 60 cmBacteria : increasing trend for activity (RNA/ DNA), with seasonal variationsFongi : no significant evolutionDiscussion : rhizosphere7.
8. Results : nematodesA integrative bioindicator to assess the soil ecosystem healthStable quantity, sensitivity to perturbations : 2 to 4 x more nematodes in rhizopilesNematods diversity, significative of a functional ecosystem : biopiles < rhizopiles < arable soil8.
9. Results : plants growth and above ground biodiversity Coherent evolution for the various quantitative or qualitative indicators, indicators correlated with hydrocarbons & lime content () and season ()Improvement over time (cf. omega 3 indicator) : plant adaptation (physiology), roots deepening, reduction of stress factors? Evolution of the vegetation : species equilibrium vs “wild” species“ Organic farming” : shelter for insects, small vertebrates…(discussion : bioavailability according to type of pollutants)9.8M = 4 months after seedingOMEGA 3 - LuzerneSept. 2018Sept. 2018June 2019BIOPILERHIZOPILE18M = 14 months after seedingEchinochloa crus-galliApiaceae
10. Conclusion and future developmentsPhytoremediation can be an effective remediation technicIt implies some constraints (time), the use of agronomic approaches and tools, and an ability to adapt to changing conditions to maintain the vegetationIncrease of biodiversity : rhizosphere ? for the microfauna and at the surfacePhytoremediation leaves a soil that has improved on the physical and biological part, as well as on the chemical aspect a better balanced soil that has regained functionsFuture trials : study of the rhizosphere, microbial diversity on the long run, inventory of the “wild” biodiversity (vegetation & fauna)Design a more complex combination of plants to improve resilience to hazards and combine the advantages of various species10.Ecosystem services / SDGs
11. +33 6 32 64 40 49Julie ESTIVAL – Sébastien KASKASSIAN – project teamj.estival@tauw.com