niversity College of science Biology Dept Zoology 4 th class Organs Histology LAB 3 NAME Respiratory System Conducting Part responsible for passage of air and conditioning of the inspired air Examples ID: 913125
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Mustansiriyah UniversityCollege of scienceBiology Dept.Zoology 4th classOrgans Histology LAB.(3)
NAME :
Slide2Respiratory System
Conducting Part
-responsible for passage of air and conditioning of the inspired air. Examples:nasal cavities,pharynx, trachea, bronchi and their intrapulmonary continuations. functions :clean, warm and moisten air prior to reaching respiratory portionRespiratory Part-involved with the exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide between blood and inspires air.Includes the lungs
Slide3Nasal cavity
Nasal cavity composed of three
regions: 1.Vestibule. 2. Respiratory region.3.Olfactory regions.
Slide4Slide5The larynx
is the portion of the respiratory tract containing the vocal cords.
A 2-inch long , tube shaped organ. opens into the laryngeal part of the pharynx above and it continuous with the trachea below.The larynx function is:Deglutition (swallowing).Respiration (Breathing).Phonation (voice production).
Slide6Slide7Slide8Slide9TRACHEA
The trachea is a flexible tube about 10–12 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter. It begins at the base of the larynx and ends at the T4 vertebral level, where it branches to form primary bronchi, which then enter the right and left lungs.
MUCOSAL LINING OF THE TRACHEA The trachea and most other large airways in the conducting portion of the respiratory system are lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium) resting on a lamina propria of loose connective tissue with abundant elastic fiber and immune cells (e.g., lymphocytes, plasma cells, and mast cells).
Slide10Slide11There are five types of cells in respiratory epithelium—mucous goblet, ciliated columnar, basal (short), brush, and small granule cells—each with important functions.
Mucous goblet cells
and ciliated columnar cells are the most abundant cells, each comprising about 30% of the cells in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract.These two cells are important in functioning to clean and condition inspired air before it enters the respiratory airways.
Slide12Slide13Bronchial tree
A highly branched system of air-conducting passages that originate from the left and right primary bronchi.
Progressively branch into narrower tubes as they diverge throughout the lungs before terminating in terminal bronchioles.Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage support the walls of the primary bronchi to ensure that they remain open. Right primary bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertically oriented than the left primary bronchus. Foreign particles are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.
Slide14Bronchial tree
The primary bronchi enter
each lung together with the pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Each primary bronchus branches into several secondary bronchi (or lobar bronchi).The left lung has two secondary bronchi.The right lung has three secondary bronchi. They further divide into tertiary bronchi.
Slide15Bronchial Tree
Secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles with successive branching amount of cartilage decreases and amount of smooth muscle increases, this allows for variation in airway diameterepithelium gradually changes from ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to simple cuboidal epithelium in terminal bronchioles
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