University of Waikato Ethnic diversity in the population census A global analysis Victor Thompson Rider University Theories of ethnic counting Background on Ethnicity Counts project Data analysis ID: 784416
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Slide1
Tahu Kukutai
11 April 2012
University of Waikato
Ethnic diversity in the population census: A global analysis
Victor Thompson
Rider University
Slide2Theories of ethnic countingBackground on Ethnicity Counts? projectData analysis
if countries count by ethnicity how ethnicity operationalised
change over time Concluding thoughts
Outline
Slide3Ethnic counting a political exerciseImposed from top downDifferent policy uses (e.g., monitor discrimination)Highlights the local and specific
Champions case study approach
Theories of ethnic counting
Slide4Purpose:Describe key patterns of ethnic enumeration over time and placeIdentify conditions associated with different
strategiesComparative theory of ethnic counting
Ethnicity Counts? project
Slide5Data collected to date
1990 round
2000 round2010 roundTotal # countries
238# countries with census
197195169
# coded
131
169
108
% coded
66.5
86.7
63.9
Slide6Ethnic identity vs Civic identity
ethnicityethnic nationalityrace & colourancestry/descent/originindigenous group & tribe
cultural grouplanguage & mother tongue
citizenshipcivic nationalitymigration statusplace of birthparental place of birth
Slide7Ethnic nationality: Estonia
Slide8Ethnic nationality: Nauru
Slide9Civic nationality: Switzerland
Slide10Per cent
1990
2000
2010Ethnic counting
73.378.786.1
Top 5 terms
Language
36.6
42.0
47.2
Ethnicity
22.9
34.3
37.0
Mother
tongue
19.9
23.7
25.9
Ethnic nationality
6.9
20.1
29.6
Race
9.2
9.5
11.1
Ethnic identity
Slide111990
2000
2010Region
Per cent Africa
68.670.176.0
Asia
73.1
77.1
79.2
Europe
58.3
72.9
85.7
Oceania
92.9
90.0
89.5
N. America
86.9
87.1
94.1
S. America
66.7
88.9
100.0
Ethnic counting by region
Slide12Race = AmericasEthnic nationality = EuropeEthnic origins = Oceania & N America
Ethnicity = spreadMother tongue = EuropeaIndigenous status = S America
Regional variation in terminology
Slide13Per cent
1990
2000
2010
Civic counting94.7
95.9
94.4
Top 4 terms
Place of birth
86.3
89.9
88.9
Citizenship
22.9
39.6
39.8
Nationality
(civic)
44.9
38.0
36.6
Parental birth place
3.8
4.7
14.8
Civic identity
Slide14Ethnic and civic identity
Per cent
1990
2000
2010Ethnic only
2.3
3.0
5.6
Civic only
23.7
20.1
13.9
Ethnic & Civic
71.0
75.7
80.6
None
3.1
1.2
0.0
Slide15State recognition of:HybriditySubjectivity“Ethnification” of national identity
Multiple dimensionsOther dimensions of ethnic diversity
Slide16Hybridity: Tokelau
Slide17Subjectivity: St Lucia
Slide18Multiple dimensions: New Zealand
Slide19Ethnification of national identity: Canada
Slide20Possibilities beyond indirect markers (e.g., country of birth)Look beyond the 1st generationHarmonization across countries challenging
Weakening of nation-based notions of identity and ascendance of ethnic/cultural identitiesRelevance for immigration
+ diversity
Slide21