PPT-Cosmic Rays, Neutron Monitors, Solar Cycles &

the Heliosphere Riaan Steenkamp University of Namibia 5 July 2018 History and Discovery A short history of the discovery of Cosmic Rays At beginning of 20 th Century Hypothesis . Noda and Y Kamide Supervised by Y Muraki brPage 2br Have you ever had an Xray examination at the hospital In 1896 a German physicist W C R57590ntgen astonished people with an image of bones captured through the use of Xrays He had just discovered th Douglas Bergman. University of Utah. Cosmic Rays – LHC Workshop, ECT* Trento. 2 December 2010. The Final Word (almost). HiRes Collaboration. J. Boyer, B. Connolly, C.B. Finley, B. Knapp, E.J. . Mannel. Matthew Mendonca. Woodside High . School. Mentor. : Dr. . Doug Higinbotham and Lawrence . Selvy. Abstract. The particles that make up the nucleus of an atom are so infinitesimally small that it takes a detector of large magnitude in order to predict where protons and neutrons are located. This certain device requires the construction and utilization of one-meter-long rectangular plastic bars called scintillators. Attached to the left and right ends of each bar are Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) and bases with outlets for high voltage and signal wires. In experiments, there is a thick wall of lead positioned in front of the detector which excludes nearly all charged particles and permits primarily neutrons to enter and react with the nuclei inside the bars. When charged particles do pass through the scintillators, photons are released and bounce around until they reach a light guide and are collected by the PMTs. Within these there is liberation of electrons which in turn provide an analog signal to the electronics. A data acquisition system (DAQ) comprised of ADCs (Analog-to-Digital Converters) and TDCs (Time-to-Digital Converters) then store the data into files for later replay and analysis. By doing so, we can better measure the type of particle detected, it’s trajectory, and the amount of energy that it deposits. To ensure that these complex apparatuses are working at an acceptable level, scientists manipulate the constant flux (100 particles/m. The Future of Cosmic Ray Research. .. 8 The Future of Cosmic Ray Research . As we have seen, a few cosmic rays can be detected with energies somewhat . greater . than 10. 20. . eV. . . These high energies must be due to particle accelerations . AMS Discoveries Affecting Cosmic-Ray SIG Priorities. Eun-Suk. . Seo. Inst. for Phys. Sci. & Tech. and . Department of Physics. University of Maryland. AAS HEAD meeting, Chicago, IL, 19 August 2014. High Energy & Cosmic Ray Research Ctr.. North Bengal University. TeV Neutrinos and Gamma rays from Pulsars/Magnetars. Introduction. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays extends to extremely high energies, values exceeding 10. Andrea . Chiavassa. Universita. ` . degli. . Studi. . di. Torino. Carpathian Summer School of Physics 2012. June 24 – July 7, . Sinaia. , Romania. Most of the material comes from the book:. “. and Other Applications: Hydrology +. Neutron Monitor Community Workshop—Honolulu, Hawaii . October . 24-25, 2015. Physicist. National Urban Security Technology Laboratory . Science and Technology Directorate. and Other . Applications. Neutron Monitor Community Workshop—Honolulu, Hawaii . October . 24-25, 2015. Physicist. National Urban Security Technology Laboratory . Science and Technology Directorate. The Discovery of Antimatter!. In 1932 Carl Anderson studied cosmic rays using a “cloud . chamber”. . Charged particles produced in cosmic rays would enter the chamber and leave “tracks”. The tracks would bend in circles because the chamber was placed in a strong magnetic field. :. . the need for cross section data. Fiorenza Donato. Torino University and INFN. Compass Analysis Meeting. CERN, 16.04.2015. Plan of my talk. What are cosmic rays (CRs). Searches for dark matter in CRs. North Bengal University. TeV Neutrinos and Gamma rays from Pulsars/Magnetars. Introduction. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays extends to extremely high energies, values exceeding 10. 20. . eV. .. The origin of the cosmic rays and the mechanism responsible for acceleration of cosmic rays to such high energies . Plasma. . Astrophysics. Roger . Blandford. Paul Simeon. Yajie. Yuan. KIPAC. Stanford. 27 i 2012. AronsFest. 2. Describing Cosmic Plasma. Fluid description. P. , . . , . v. , B…. Magneto Fluid Dynamics . 16 – 20 March 2015. Cosmic Rays: the current position -. from AMS to the Auger Observatory. 1. Alan Watson. University of Leeds. a.a.watson@leeds.ac.uk. Lecture 1:. Overview of the cosmic ray scene.