The Jain religion one of the oldest living traditions in the world boasts a vibrant history steeped in spirituality compassion and nonviolence Central to Jainism is the profound influence of Lord Mahavira whose teachings continue to inspire millions of followers across the globebrOrigins a ID: 1046243
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Ś Ʃ ƉƐ͗ͬͬũĂŝŶŝƐŵǁŽƌůĚ͘ŽƌŐͬ ([SORULQJ WKH 5LFK 7DSHVWU\ RI -DLQ 5HOLJLRQ +LVWRU\ DQG WKH /HJDF\ RI 0DKDYLUD -DLQLVP dŚĞ :ĂŝŶ ƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶ͕ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽůĚĞƐƚ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ƚƌĂĚŝ Ɵ ŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ďŽĂƐƚƐ Ă ǀŝďƌĂŶƚ ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJ ƐƚĞĞƉĞĚ ŝŶ ƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͘ ĞŶƚƌĂů ƚŽ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ >ŽƌĚ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂ͕ ǁŚŽƐĞ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐ ĐŽŶ Ɵ ŶƵĞ ƚŽ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞ ŵŝůůŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĨŽůůŽǁĞƌƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ŐůŽďĞ͘ KƌŝŐŝŶƐ ĂŶĚ ǀŽůƵ Ɵ ŽŶ ŽĨ :ĂŝŶ ZĞůŝŐŝŽŶ͗ dŚĞ ƌŽŽƚƐ ŽĨ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ ƚƌĂĐĞ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ĂŶĐŝĞŶƚ /ŶĚŝĂ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŝƚ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ĚŝƐ Ɵ ŶĐƚ ƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂů ƚƌĂĚŝ Ɵ ŽŶ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ϲƚŚ ĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶ ŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĞĚ ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵ Ɵ ŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƌŝĐŚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƚĂƉĞƐƚƌLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ƐƵďĐŽŶ Ɵ ŶĞŶƚ͘ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵΖƐ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ŶŽŶ Ͳ ǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ ;ĂŚŝŵƐĂͿ͕ ƚƌƵƚŚ ;ƐĂƚLJĂͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂƵƐƚĞƌŝƚLJ ;ƚĂƉĂƐͿ ƐĞƚ ŝƚ ĂƉĂƌƚ ĂƐ Ă ƉĂƚŚ ŽĨ ĞƚŚŝĐĂů ůŝǀŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂů ĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚ͘ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ͗ ƚ ƚŚĞ ŚĞĂƌƚ ŽĨ :ĂŝŶ ƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶ ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJ ůŝĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŽǁĞƌŝŶŐ ĮŐƵƌĞ ŽĨ >ŽƌĚ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂ͕ ƌĞǀĞƌĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ϮϰƚŚ dŝƌƚŚĂŶŬĂƌĂ ;ƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂů ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌͿ ŽĨ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ͘ ŽƌŶ ŝŶƚŽ Ă ŶŽďůĞ ĨĂŵŝůLJ ŝŶ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚͲĚĂLJ ŝŚĂƌ͕ /ŶĚŝĂ͕ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂ ƌĞŶŽƵŶĐĞĚ ŚŝƐ ƉƌŝŶĐĞůLJ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ĂŐĞ ŽĨ ϯϬ ƚŽ ĞŵďĂƌŬ ŽŶ Ă ũŽƵƌŶĞLJ ŽĨ ƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂů Ăǁ ĂŬĞŶŝŶŐ͘ &Žƌ ŽǀĞƌ ϭϮ LJĞĂƌƐ͕ ŚĞ ƉƌĂĐ Ɵ ĐĞĚ ƌŝŐŽƌŽƵƐ ĂƵƐƚĞƌŝƚLJ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĚŝƚĂ Ɵ ŽŶ͕ Ƶů Ɵ ŵĂƚĞůLJ Ă Ʃ ĂŝŶŝŶŐ <ĞǀĂůĂ :ŶĂŶĂ ;ŽŵŶŝƐĐŝĞŶĐĞͿ ĂŶĚ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ Ă ƌĞǀĞƌĞĚ ƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂů ůĞĂĚĞƌ͘ dĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚ >ĞŐĂĐLJ ŽĨ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂ͗ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂΖƐ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐ͕ ĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŵĂƐ ;:ĂŝŶ ƐĐƌŝƉƚƵƌĞƐͿ͕ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝnjĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ŽĨ ŶŽŶͲ ǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͕ ƚƌƵƚŚĨƵůŶĞƐƐ͕ ŶŽŶͲƉŽƐƐĞƐƐŝǀĞŶĞƐƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ Ăůů ůŝǀŝŶŐ ďĞŝŶŐƐ͘ ,Ğ ĞdžƉŽƵŶĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚŽĐƚƌŝŶĞ ŽĨ <ĂƌŵĂ͕ ĂƐƐĞƌ Ɵ ŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽŶĞΖƐ ĂĐ Ɵ ŽŶƐ͕ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŶ Ɵ ŽŶƐ ƐŚĂƉĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚĞƐ Ɵ ŶLJ͘ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂΖƐ ĞƚŚŝĐĂů ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ƐĞůĨͲ ĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞ ĐŽŶ Ɵ ŶƵĞ ƚŽ ŐƵŝĚĞ :ĂŝŶ ƉƌĂĐ ƟƟ ŽŶĞƌƐ ŝŶ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ Ă ůŝĨĞ ŽĨ ǀŝƌƚƵĞ ĂŶĚ ƌŝŐŚƚĞŽƵƐŶĞƐƐ͘ ^ƉƌĞĂĚ ĂŶĚ /ŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ͗ KǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐ͕ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ ƐƉƌĞĂĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ ƐƵďĐŽŶ Ɵ ŶĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ďĞLJŽŶĚ͕ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐŝŶŐ Ăƌƚ͕ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ ůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚLJ͘ :ĂŝŶ ŵŽŶŬƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŚŽůĂƌƐ ƉůĂLJĞĚ Ă ƉŝǀŽƚĂů ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂ Ɵ ŶŐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵ Ɵ ŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂů ƚƌĂĚŝ Ɵ ŽŶƐ͘ :ĂŝŶ ƚĞŵƉůĞƐ͕ ĂĚŽƌŶĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŶƚƌŝĐĂƚĞ ĐĂƌǀŝŶŐƐ ĂŶĚ ŵĂũĞƐ Ɵ Đ ƐĐƵůƉƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ƐƚĂŶĚ ĂƐ ƚĞƐƚĂŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐ ůĞŐĂĐLJ ŽĨ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵΖƐ ƌŝĐŚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ͘ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͗ dŚĞ ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJ ŽĨ :ĂŝŶ ƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶ ŝƐ Ă ƚĞƐƚĂŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƐƉŝƌŝƚ ŽĨ ƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂů ŝŶƋƵŝƌLJ͕ ĞƚŚŝĐĂů ůŝǀŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͘ ZŽŽƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐ ŽĨ >ŽƌĚ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂ͕ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ ĐŽŶ Ɵ ŶƵĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ ƚŽ ƚƌĞĂĚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƚŚ ŽĨ ŶŽŶͲǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͕ ƚƌƵƚŚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐĞůĨͲ ƌĞĂůŝnjĂ Ɵ ŽŶ͘ Ɛ ǁĞ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ Ś Ʃ ƉƐ͗ͬͬũĂŝŶŝƐŵǁŽƌůĚ͘ŽƌŐͬ ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ ůĞŐĂĐLJ ŽĨ DĂŚĂǀŝƌĂ :ĂŝŶŝƐŵ ͕ ǁĞ ŚŽŶŽƌ ƚŚĞ Ɵ ŵĞůĞƐƐ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽŶ Ɵ ŶƵĞƐ ƚŽ ŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ũŽƵƌŶĞLJ ŽĨ ƐĞĞŬĞƌƐ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ƚƌƵƚŚ ĂŶĚ ĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚ͘