Series of Lectures on Grain amp Agriculture Technology and Engineering HE NAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Grain production consumption and processing throughout the World Speaker ID: 759243
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Slide1
粮农技术与工程系列讲座
Series of Lectures on Grain
&
Agriculture Technology and Engineering
HE NAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Slide2Grain production , consumption and processing throughout the World
Speaker
：Dr. Erqi Guan
HE NAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
2016.02.28 · Zhengzhou, China
Slide3Catalogue
1
2
3
HE NAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Grain Production in World
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
Grain Processing in World
Slide4一、
Grain Production in World
Slide51.
Grain Production in World
（
1
）World grain production status
Grain is the main food crops and important commodity grain varieties all over the word. From 1961 to 2013, 75.0 million tons grain used as seed annual year, and the total area grain harvested annual average was about 694.0 million hectares, and the total grain output was about 1.76 billion tons.
Fig.1 World grain harvest USES total area and seeds (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Fig.2 World grain output and average yield (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Slide61.
Grain Production in World
（
2
）The grain production status of the major grain producing countries
China, the United States, Canada, India, Australia, Russia, France, Brazil, Argentina are the major grain producing countries all over the world. From 1961 to 2013, the total area of annual grain harvest all over the nine countries was about 344.0 million hectares, and the total output of annual grain production all over the nine countries was about 1.02 billion tons.
Fig.3 Grain harvest area of the major grain producing
countries(FAO:1961-2013)
Fig.4 Grain output of the major grain producing
countries(
FAO:1961-2013
)
Slide71.
Grain Production in World
The world's major food crops production status
Wheat, rice and maize are three major grain crops all over the world. They are also the three most important trade staple foods all over the world. So, people are of particular concern for the three major grain crops’ production status all over the world.
Slide81.
Grain Production in World
（
3
）World wheat production status
Wheat is the world's major food crops, and it is also the world's important commodity grain and the main varieties of grain reserves. From 1961 to 2013, 32.1 million tons wheat used as seed annual year, and the total area wheat harvested annual average was about 220.9 million hectares, and the total wheat output was about 486.3 million tons.
Fig.5 World wheat harvest USES total area and seeds (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Fig.6 World wheat output and average yield (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Slide91.
Grain Production in World
（
4
）The wheat production status of the major wheat producing countries
China, the United States, Canada, India, Australia, Russia, France, Brazil, Argentina are also the major wheat producing countries all over the world. From 1961 to 2013, the total area of annual wheat harvest all over the nine countries was about 114.4 million hectares, and the total output of annual wheat production all over the nine countries was about 269.5 million tons.
Fig.7 Wheat harvest area of the major grain producing
countries(FAO:1961-2013)
Fig.8 Wheat output of the major grain producing
countries(
FAO:1961-2013
)
Slide101.
Grain Production in World
（
5
） World rice production status
The FAO statistics shows that: from 1961 to 2013, 17.0 million tons rice used as seed annual year, and the total area rice harvested annual average was about 143.0 million hectares, and the total rice output was about 471.8 million tons.
Fig.9 World rice harvest USES total area and seeds (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Fig.10 World rice output and average yield (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Slide111.
Grain Production in World
（
6
） The rice production status of the major rice producing countries
China, India, Thailand, Vietnam and Japan are the major rice producing countries all over the world. Among these major rice producing countries, China and India are the biggest rice yield countries all over the world.
Fig.11 Rice harvest area of the major grain producing
countries(FAO:1961-2013)
Fig.12 Rice output of the major grain producing
countries(
FAO:1961-2013
)
Slide121.
Grain Production in World
（
7
） World maize production status
The FAO statistics shows that: from 1961 to 2013, 6.3 million tons maize used as seed every year, and the total area maize harvested annual average was about of 132.1 million hectares, and the total maize output was about 491.5 million tons.
Fig.13 World maize harvest USES total area and seeds (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Fig.14 World maize output and average yield (
FAO:1961-2013
)
Slide131.
Grain Production in World
（
8
） The maize production status of the major wheat producing countries
The United States, China and Brazil are the three most important maize producing countries all over the world.
The FAO statistics shows that: from 1961 to 2013, in these most important maize producing countries, the total area of annual maize harvest was about 60.9 million hectares, it was about 46.1% of the total harvest area of the world maize; the total output of annual maize production in these most important maize producing countries was about 313.6 million tons, it was about 63.8% of the total world maize output.
Slide14二、
Grain Consumption and
Trade in World
Slide152.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
1
） World grain consumption and trade status
The FAO statistics shows that: from 1961 to 2012, the amounts of the world grain import and export have been increasing consecutively.
Fig.15 The situation of
world
grain
trade(
FAO:1961-2012
)
Slide162.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
2
） The grain consumption and trade status of the major grain producing countries
The United States is one of most important grain production country all over the world, and it is also one of the most important grain exporters in the world. Every year, the total amounts of grain exports and export trade volume in the United States are the first one all over the world.
Fig.16 The total grain exports of the major grain producing countries (FAO:1961-2012)
Slide172.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
2
） The grain consumption and trade status of the major grain producing countries
China is one of the most important grain importer countries in the world. From the FAO statistics data, we can see that: from 1961 to 2012, the average annual total grain imports in China were about 12.8 million tons, accounting for 6.1% of the world's total annual average grain imports. The average annual total grain import trade volume was about $2.3 billion, accounting for 5.7% of the world's total annual average grain import trade volume.
Fig.16 The total grain exports of the major grain producing countries (FAO:1961-2012)
Slide182.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
3
） World wheat consumption and trade status
The FAO statistics shows that: from 1961 to 2012, the amounts of the world wheat import and export have been also increasing consecutively.
Fig.18 The situation of
world wheat
trade(
FAO:1961-2012
)
Slide192.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
4
） The wheat consumption and trade status of the major grain producing countries
The United States is one of most important wheat exporters in the world, and China is one of the most important wheat import countries in the world.
Fig.19 The total wheat exports of the major grain producing countries
(FAO:1961-2012)
Fig.20 The total wheat imports of the major grain producing countries
(
FAO:1961-2012
)
Slide202.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
4
） The wheat consumption and trade status of the major grain producing countries
The United States is one of most important wheat exporters in the world. From 1961 to 2012, The average annual total wheat exports were about 26.8 million tons in United States, accounting for 29.1% of the world's total annual average wheat exports; the average annual total wheat export trade volume in United States was about $4.2 billion, accounting for 28.2% of the world's total annual average wheat export trade volume.
Slide212.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
4
） The wheat consumption and trade status of the major grain producing countries
China is one of the most important wheat production countries in the world. Meanwhile, China is also one of the most important wheat import countries in the world. From the FAO statistics data, we can see that: from 1961 to 2012, the average annual total wheat imports in China were about 6.7 million tons, accounting for 7.4% of the world's total annual average wheat imports. The average annual total wheat import trade volume was about $1.1 billion, accounting for 6.7% of the world's total annual average wheat import trade volume.
Slide222.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
5
） World rice consumption and trade status
The FAO statistics shows that: from 1961 to 2012, the amounts of the world rice import and export have been also increasing consecutively. In 1961, the total amounts of the world rice imports were about 6.5 million tons. In 2012, the total amounts of the world rice imports reached about 37.7 million tons.
Fig.21 The situation of
world rice
trade(
FAO:1961-2012
)
Slide232.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
6
） World maize consumption and trade status
Maize is the main grain varieties of world food trade. The FAO statistics shows that: from 1961 to 2012, the amounts of the world maize import and export have been also increasing consecutively, and the exports growth was significantly higher than the imports growth.
Fig.22 The situation of
world maize
trade(
FAO:1961-2012
)
Slide242.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
（
7
） The maize consumption and trade status of the major maize producing countries
The United States is the most important maize export country in the world. From 1961 to 2012, The average annual total maize exports were about 38.93 million tons in United States, accounting for 18.2% of the world's total annual average maize exports; the average annual total maize export trade volume in United States was about $5.0 billion, accounting for 13.7% of the world's total annual average maize export trade volume.
Slide252.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
Caused by population, the rate of economic development as well as national economic policies, such as biomass energy and many other factors, grain consumption in world maintaining a growth momentum.
Tendency
Tendency on
supply and demand
in grain
Slide262.
Grain Consumption and Trade in World
World cereal prices is lower compared to the food crisis, but is higher than average. In 2020, the price of wheat will be around 240 U.S. dollars / ton, higher than the historical average.
Tendency
Tendency on
price changing
in grain
Slide27三、
Grain Processing in World
Slide283.
Grain Processing in World
（
1
） Wheat Processing Industry in Developed Countries
U.S: Annually output of wheat can reach 58 million tons, and 34.5 million tons for domestic consumption, 27.7 million tons for export. There are 23 Flour Corporation (140 mills), the capacity of wheat processing is around 7.9 million tons a day, or 92% of total. production in U.S. Canada: Annually output of wheat can reach 20 million tons, and 7.1 million tons for domestic consumption, 13.4 million tons for export. There are 27 Flour Corporation (140 mills), the capacity of wheat processing is around 9000 tons a day.Australia: Annually output of wheat can reach 25 million tons, and 3.8 million tons for domestic consumption, 16.8 million tons for export, more than 2 million tons used for feeding. Over 500 Flour Factory have turn into 42 Floor Corporations.
Slide293.
Grain Processing in World
（
1
） Wheat Processing Industry in Developed Countries
French: The main products is soft wheat, with an annual output of 37.5 million tons of wheat, the domestic consumption of about 20 million tons, half of which is used to forage, 16.8 million tons for exports.Germany: An annual wheat output is 22 million tons, the annual consumption of about 17 million tons, exporting 500 million tons. About 800 flour mills here, including 64 large-scale factories with an annual capacity of more than 25,000 tons, capacity of processing more than 220 small plants (annual processing 500-25000 tons of wheat) accounted for only 5% of the total market. Japan: It Is the largest wheat importer in world, annually imports about 560 million tons. Domestic output is 82.5 million tons, can only meet 10% of domestic demand.
Slide303.
Grain Processing in World
（
2） Technology on Wheat Processing
Primary Processing: Wheat milling
Comprehensive utilization:
Take use of bran, flour, wheat germ
Deep Processing:
Wheat starch , Wheat gluten, Further use
Slide313.
Grain Processing in World
（
2） Technology on Wheat Processing
Wheat starch can be used in pharmaceutical, printing and dyeing, chemical, biomass energy,
ect
.
Wheat Gluten can be used in food, feed.
Bran can be used in edible bran, MSG produced, vitamin E, wheat bran protein, a variety of nutritional supplements, drinks, high-fiber foods, acetone,
butanol
,
phytic
acid
Wheat germ can be used in wheat germ oil and germ oil pills, wheat embryo egg white – glutathione.
The
aleurone
can be used in dietary fiber,
phenolic
compounds,
phytic
acid and plant sterols, vitamins, minerals and other ingredients
Slide323.
Grain Processing in World
（
3
） Rice Processing Industry
Large-scale production and intensive management.Continue to adopt new technologies, improve the utilization of resources.Nutrition, health, safety green food become the mainstream of the processed products.Deep processing and high-value-added products
Slide333.
Grain Processing in World
（
4） Technology on rice Processing
Primary Processing: Paddy milling
Comprehensive utilization: Take use of rice husk, bran, broken rice
Deep Processing: Rice, Rice flour, Further use
Slide343.
Grain Processing in World
（
4） Technology on Rice Processing
Convenience foods made by rice
Brown rice products
Rice protein
Rice starch and derivatives
Modified starch, starch-based fat substitutes, porous starch, resistant starch, slowly digestible starch
Comprehensive utilization of rice bran
Rice oil, defatted rice bran (edible rice bran, rice bran extract, soluble fiber and dietary fiber, defatted rice bran production of calcium
phytate
and
inositol
)
Rice husk (energy, rice husk, production of activated carbon silica high modulus potassium silicate, preparation of carbonized rice husk)
Slide353.
Grain Processing in World
（
4） Technology on Rice Processing
Paddy
Husking
Whitening
Polishing
Rice products
Rice, Unpolished rice,
Broken rice,
Rice bran, act.
further
processing
Processing is given priority to with physical method
Processing is given priority to with food processing method
Processing is given priority to with new technology
Rice
produtcs
Rice food
produtcs
Chemical
products
Fast food
produtcs
Raw-food
material
Raw-medicine
material
Cooking food
material
Slide363.
Grain Processing in World
（
5
） Maize Processing Industry
The output of maize all over the world is about 700 million tons, United States can accounted for more than 40% of it, about 300 million tons. U.S. maize processing is truly comprehensive utilized, they are mainly used for industrial, feeding, and food industries. Fuel ethanol consumption accounts for a large proportion of maize.
Slide373.
Grain Processing in World
（
6
） Comprehensive Utilization of Maize in World
Starch and modified starch, by-products, corn oil, corn gluten meal, feed.
Variety of starch sugar.
Crystalline glucose, glucose syrup, powder glucose, fructose syrup, maltose, high maltose,
maltodextrin
, corn oil byproducts, corn gluten meal, feed consumption.
The alcohol byproduct lees protein feed.
Glucose syrup and
sorbitol
, hydrogenated oils, by-products, corn gluten meal, feed yeast.
Other fermented products, by-product of corn fiber feed.
Slide383.
Grain Processing in World
（
7） Technology on Maize Processing
Maize germ
Soak water of maize
Maize dregs
Maize germ oil
Maize germ dreg
Edible hydrogenated oil
Forage protein powder
Zein
fibers, Feed yeast
Maize starch
Oxidation
Fermentation
Chlorination
Saccharify
gluconic
acid,
lactone
(coagulator), act.
ethyl alcohol,
aginomoto
, citric acid,
zymin
, act.
Sorbitol
: surfactant, food additives,
Vc
, act.
Saccharides
: oligosaccharide, glucose, fructose, act.
Maize
Slide393.
Grain Processing in World
（
7） Technology on Maize Processing
Maize
Soaked
Broken,
degerming
Screening, shelling
Protein isolate
Starch slurry
Sugar and ethanol production
Spiral drain
Maize fibers
Maize protein water
Vacuum filtration
Drying
Maize protein powder
Maize soaked solution
Evaporation
Evaporation
Wet germ
Desiccation
Dry germ
Combination drying
Pelleting
Pellet feed
Slide40Thank you
！