2 What is new in the European drug situation Four new Perspectives on Drugs PODs 3 Comorbidity of substance use and mental health disorders Strategies to prevent diversion of opioid substitution treatment ID: 525550
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Slide1
31 May 2016Slide2
2
What is new in the European drug situation?Slide3
Four new Perspectives on Drugs (PODs)
3
Comorbidity of substance use and mental health disorders
Strategies to prevent diversion of opioid substitution treatment
medication Changes in Europe’s cannabis resin marketCocaine trafficking to EuropeSlide4
SPECIAL THANKS
EMCDDA STAFF
REITOX NATIONAL FOCAL POINTS AND NATIONAL EXPERTS
EU MEMBER STATESEU INSTITUTIONS AND AGENCIES4Slide5
One
in four Europeans has tried an illicit drug
What
is happening with DRUG USE in Europe?Slide6
Drug use: in focus in 2016
Increase in MDMA
use
Amphetamines-related problems on the riseUse of synthetic opioids increasingly reported from treatment settingsRecent prevalence data — modest increases in use of commonly used drugs6Slide7
Illicit drug use in Europe
Cannabis
: most
commonly usedCocaine: most common stimulant MDMA: most common synthetic stimulant Heroin and other opioids: use relatively rare but associated with most harmsNPS: little prevalence data7Slide8
Cannabis: divergent national trends
8
Recent surveys
— 8/13 countries report increaseAlmost 1 % of adults daily usersSlide9
Stimulants use:
wastewater analysis highlights geographical spread
9
Source: Sewage Analysis Core Group Europe (SCORE).Slide10
Stimulants use: different national
trends
10
Recent trends
Last year prevalence among young adults: most recent data9 higher estimates3 lower estimates
7 higher estimates
1 stable
4 lower estimates
6 higher estimates
2 stable
4 lower estimatesSlide11
Problem stimulant use: increase treatment demand for amphetamines
rarely
reported
1 % of first-time entrants in 201411MDMACocaineAmphetaminesSlide12
Overall injecting
drug use in decline
12
..but small rise in injecting among new amphetamines clientsSlide13
Opioids:
1.3 million high risk
opioid
users
13Stabilisation in heroin treatment demand following declineSlide14
Synthetic opioids: an increasing concern
14
18 countries report
>10 % opioids other than heroinSlide15
1.2 million people received treatment for illicit drug use in the EU
What
is happening with
DRUG-RELATED HARMS AND RESPONSES in Europe?Slide16
Drug-related harms and responses: in focus in 2016?
Hospital emergencies —
heroin causing most problemsOverdose deaths: some increases in heroin-related deathsNew HIV diagnoses continue to decline, but localised outbreaksNPS new harms and health alerts16Slide17
HIV diagnoses
fall, but localised outbreaks
17
1 236 new diagnoses
— lowest number for a decadeLocalised outbreaks among injectors (Ireland, Scotland, Luxembourg)Needle Exchange: > 36 million syringes (2014)Slide18
Hepatitis C: new treatments
HCV treatment an important response
New medicines available — highly
effective… but still very expensive, integrated treatment strategies18Prevalence of HCV among injecting drug users (range 15 % to 84 %)Slide19
Overdose deaths:
some recent increases
19
Over 6 800 deaths in EU in 2014Recent increases in some countriesHighest overdose mortality rates in northern countries
Drug-induced mortality rates among adults (15–64): most recent dataSlide20
16
sentinel hospitals in 10 countries
Emergency presentations (5 409)
heroin 24 %cocaine 17 % cannabis 16 %NPS 6 %Local patterns Hospital emergencies: a window on acute harms20Slide21
34 public health alerts since 2014
7 new substances risk-assessed in 2014
In 2015, alpha-PVP,
cathinone, risk assessed:191 acute intoxications115 deathsNew synthetic opioids a concernNPS and harms: risk assessments
21Slide22
T
he retail market for illicit drugs worth at least EUR 24 billion in 2013
What
is happening with DRUG MARKETS in Europe?Slide23
EU drug markets in 2016: what is new?
Resurgence of the MDMA market
Heroin
back in the spotlightSynthetic cannabinoids feature prominently New threats and opportunities provided by internet drug markets
23Slide24
EU
drug market shares
24
Cannabis — largest share of the illicit drug market — 38 % (€ 9.3 billion)Heroin (
€ 6.8 bn) and cocaine (€ 5.7 bn) around a quarter€24 billionSlide25
Herbal cannabis seizures increase
25
Potency
increasesSlide26
Stimulants purity:
increase in high-dose MDMA
26Slide27
Heroin: recent
market changes?
Number of seizures
stable…but recent increase in quantities seizedRebound of heroin purity
27Slide28
98
new psychoactive substances detected
in
2015
28> 560 substances monitored by the Early Warning SystemSynthetic cannabinoids and cathinones largest groups Slide29
Synthetic cannabinoids dominate seizures
29
30 000 seizures, 1.3 tonnesSlide30
Increased presence of online drug
marketplaces Surface web: mostly NPS
and medicines for sale
Deep web: cannabis, MDMA and all other products availableSocial media growing in importanceOnline drug markets: new threats and opportunities30Slide31
In summary: continued signs of resilience in the European drug market
Recent increases in MDMA use
and
the availability of high-dose products, in a market where stimulant-related problems are becoming more visible.Cannabis continues to dominate Europe’s illicit drug market, and remains a challenge for drug policies with concerns over rises in use, potency and demand for treatment.No decline in availability of new drugs with NPS seizures currently dominated by synthetic cannabinoids. Reported rises in overdose deaths keep the spotlight on heroin and other opioids, with new pharmacological options for reducing harms increasingly available.
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emcdda.europa.eu/edr2016