11 A New View of Earth answer 15 pg 7 12 The Earth Systems Four Spheres answer 16 pg 12 13 Cycles and the Earth answer 15 pg 18 Chapter review questions answer 9 10 11 12 15 18 1923 pgs 2223 ID: 528906
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Slide1
Book work for Ch. 1 Earth as a System
1.1 A New View of Earth
answer # 1-5 (pg. 7)
1.2 The Earth System's Four Spheres
answer # 1-6 (pg. 12)
1.3 Cycles and the Earth
answer # 1-5 (pg. 18)
Chapter review questions
answer # 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19-23 (pgs. 22-23)Slide2
1.1 A New View of Earth
answer # 1-5 (pg. 7)
What technological advances led to the rise of Earth system science
?
Satellites, deep-diving submersibles, computers, computer programs
What is a system
?
A kind of model
A part of the universe that can be studied separately
Compare and contrast an open system and a closed system. Use
a Venn
diagram
.
Open system: matter is exchanged
Both open & closed systems: energy is exchanged
Closed system: no matter is exchangedSlide3
1.1 A New View of Earth
answer # 1-5 (pg. 7)
Why
do scientists consider Earth an essentially closed system
?
b/c very little matter is exchanged
As
the human population expands,
what might
be some of the important issues policymakers face
?
Answers will vary.
Ex. include: overcrowding, insufficient resources, disease, pollution….Slide4
1.2 The Earth System's Four Spheres
answer # 1-6 (pg. 12)
What is the atmosphere
?
The gaseous envelope surrounding Earth
Is the geosphere static and unchanging? Explain your answer
.
No, the geosphere changes due to volcanic eruptions, uplifting (mountain building), erosion, plate movement….
Which features on Earth make up the hydrosphere
?
Oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, ice, snow, glaciers, water vapor…Slide5
1.2 The Earth System's Four Spheres
answer # 1-6 (pg. 12)
Name
two ways in which human beings affect the
atmosphere, geosphere
, or hydrosphere
.
Answers will vary.
Ex. Include: drink water, pollute rivers, pollute air, mining, landfills, etc.
How
might an increase in rainfall in an
area affect
the geosphere and the biosphere
?
Answers will vary.
Ex. Include: an increase in rainfall might affect plant growth (biosphere) and cause flooding that erodes the land (geosphere)….Slide6
1.2 The Earth System's Four Spheres
answer # 1-6 (pg. 12)
Describe
the interactions among the spheres that
would occur
during a spring rainstorm in your area
.
Answers will vary.
Ex. Include: rain (hydrosphere) would fall from the sky (atmosphere). Strong winds (atmosphere) might knock down tree branches (biosphere). Plants (biosphere) would take up water (hydrosphere) through roots. The soil (geosphere) would absorb some rain.Slide7
1.3 Cycles and the Earth
answer # 1-5 (pg. 18)
Describe the water cycle
.
Water evaporates from the ocean to form water vapor, which rises & cools. As it cools, it condenses and forms clouds. As the clouds cool, precipitation falls to Earth’s surface, where it runs off or seeps into the ground & eventually makes its way back to the ocean.
Summarize the carbon cycle, starting and ending with carbon
dioxide in
the atmosphere
.
Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. They store the carbon in their tissues as carbohydrates. When animals eat plants, the carbon in the plant tissues passes to the animals. When plants & animals die, bacteria decompose their tissues, producing carbon dioxide in the process.
Why is the energy budget more appropriately described as a
balance, while
the water and carbon cycles are more accurately described
as circles?
The total amounts of water & carbon in the Earth system do not change, so their movement can be pictured as circular. Since the total amount of energy can change, it is described as a balance of incoming & outgoing energy.Slide8
1.3 Cycles and the Earth
answer # 1-5 (pg. 18)
Draw
a model showing how one of the cycles
interacts with
living things. Show relationships not mentioned in the text
.
Answers will vary, but models should be labeled with explanations.
Humans
cut down a large tract of
forest, burn
the cut trees, and turn the land into a city. Predict what
changes are
going to result, based on what you’ve learned about the
carbon cycle
, energy budget, and albedo
.
With fewer trees, more energy will be reflected to the atmosphere, so the albedo will increase. More carbon dioxide will enter the atmosphere due to the increased use of fossil fuels in the city and the decrease in plant growth.Slide9
Chapter review questions
answer # 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19-23 (pgs. 22-23)
9. What role do plants play in the carbon cycle
?
Plants take in CO
2
from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis, making carbohydrates (sugar/glucose) & releasing oxygen. The carbon-based carbohydrates (sugar/glucose) serve as a food source for animals.
10. Describe the factors that have led to the rise
of Earth
system science
.
Advances in technology allow scientists to study many aspects of Earth, integrating information about the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, & hydrosphere into a systems model.
11. What is included in the geosphere
?
All of the physical features of Earth & the rock materials they are made of … mountains, beaches, Earth’s layers, volcanoes, etc.Slide10
Chapter review questions
answer # 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19-23 (pgs. 22-23)
12
. Explain how water vapor could be
considered part
of the atmosphere as well as part of
the hydrosphere.
Water vapor comes from evaporation of bodies of water, thus, it is part of the hydrosphere. However, it is located in the atmosphere, thus, it can be seen as part of the atmosphere.
15.
What
would happen to a planet if
the amount
of energy coming into its system
was less
than the energy that was leaving its system
?
Earth would probably cool.
18. Sometimes
, human beings
are considered
the fifth sphere of Earth,
the “androsphere
.” Do you agree with this
separate classification
? Why or why not
?
Answers will varySlide11
19. What is the average precipitation for the year
?approx. 3.5 inches
20. When does the groundwater table begin to rise? Why do you think this occurs?
Feb. b/c that is when precipitation is at its highest
21. What relationship exists between
precipitation and
the groundwater table
?
They seem to “parallel” one another… as precipitation increases/decreases, the groundwater table also tends to increase/decrease.
Chapter review questions
answer # 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19-23 (pgs. 22-23)Slide12
22
. Why does the groundwater table begin to decline in May?
Evaporation increases & precipitation decreases
23. Why do you think the groundwater table
does not
rise quickly in February, even though there
is a
significant amount of precipitation
?
Due to Maine’s cold winters, much of the precipitation is probably in the form of snow (which remains on the surface. Also, the ground itself may be frozen (so little water can infiltrate into the soil & become part of the groundwater.
Chapter review questions
answer # 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19-23 (pgs. 22-23)