Colorado State Extension - PowerPoint Presentation

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Colorado State ExtensionCommunity Collaboration Training ProgramFebruary 2013 Session:Deliberative Issue Framing Trainer: Martín Carcasson, DirectorCSU Center for Public DeliberationSlide2

Overview of SessionThe National Issues Forum modelInitial issue analysis to set up framingNamingFraming the approaches

Available

resourcesSlide3

I. Review of key deliberation concepts Three Primary Forms of “Politics” as Public Problem SolvingAdversarial politics (competitive, pro/con, activists, campaigns, interests groups, mobilizations, elections, votes, coalitions, etc.)

Administrative/Expert politics

(experts, data focused, research, facts, technical solutions, bureaucracy, etc.)

Deliberative politics

(cooperative, participatory, collaborative, public participation, conflict resolution and transformation, mediation, community focused, civic participation, etc.)Slide4

Public/

Advocates

Experts

Decision-makers/

Politicians

The deliberative practitioner

Adapted from

Throgmorton

, “The

Rhetorics

of Policy Analysis,” 1991Slide5

I. Review of key deliberation conceptsKey Products of Deliberative Inquiry the identification and attempted resolution of key obstacles to collaborative problem-solving,the identification and building upon of common ground,

the

identification and working through of tough choices or

tradeoffs,

the

identification and development of support for complementary and creative action from a broad and inclusive range of stakeholders.Slide6

I. National Issues ForumsBasic FeaturesOne time meetings, 2-3 hours long

Use of particularly framed background material

Overall frame: What should we do about “X”?

Common problem with 3-4 approaches to address it

Approaches designed to insure full conversation and spark understanding, not as “options” from which to

choose or vote onSlide7

Land Use Conflict: When City and Country Clash Approach 1: Reestablish the Free MarketApproach 2: Protect Farmland and Open SpaceApproach 3: Redevelop Central CitiesApproach 4: Manage Growth on the Rural-Urban FridgeSlide8

The “Placemat”Slide9

Stages of an NIF forumWelcome

Ground Rules and Goals

Introduce Framework

Personal Stake

Deliberation

(Dedicated time for each

approach focused on appreciations and concerns)

Reflection

QuestionnaireSlide10

National Issues ForumsPros of the ModelHelps shift conversation from zero-sum frame and entrenched perspectivesPlaces focus on arguments and interests, not simply positions

Very adaptable and easy on facilitators

Insures a broader conversation

Works against wishful thinking (magic bullets and devil figures), but still supports action

Facilitates “working through”

(common ground and tensions

are revealed both within and across approaches

)

Allows for good data to serve its purpose

Allows for a broad range of actionsSlide11

Sam Kaner,

Facilitator’s Guide to Participatory Decision-MakingSlide12

National Issues ForumsCons of the ModelPuts a lot of pressure on the framing to jumpstart the conversation; requires trust

Issue framing works well for divergent thinking, and the forums work well to work through groan zone, but convergent thinking

tends

to require other techniquesSlide13

Steps in Issue Framework DevelopmentIdentify a public issue ripe for deliberationIdentify the underlying values and concerns (i.e. common ground and key tensions)Name the overall issue

Develop

potential approaches

Identify

specific actions, arguments for and against, tradeoffs, and key discussion questions

Research

and refine the approaches

Test

the frameworkSlide14

II. Initial issue analysis to set up framingIssue analysis is based on qualitative analysis on how various stakeholders talk about the issue, informed by traditional expert researchSignificant examples of public discourse to analyze may already be available, but often some sort of open ended survey is used to help gather additional insights

Survey data is often

collected and posted to support transparency

Typically not scientific, though asking demographic questions can be helpfulSlide15

Typical initial issue questionsHow do you see the issue? Why is the issue important to you?What concerns do you have?What do you see as the main causes of the problem?How does the issue affect others they know, and what concerns do those people have? What should be done about the issue and by whom

?

What are the key challenges to addressing the issue?

What does success look like? Slide16

Initial issue questionsAnswers to such open ended questions provide more clarity concerning the four key products:Obstacles are derived from how participants define the issue and how they discuss opposing viewsKey values are directly derived from questions about what is important to them and what concerns they haveTensions are indirectly derived from dilemmas arising from expressed values and interests between participants. If a particular tension is clear, you may consider asking about it directly to see how people respond or asking about key challenges.Potential actions

directly

derived from questions concerning actions from various stakeholders Slide17

Sample Initial SurveysStadiumI am excited about...I am concerned that...What additional information would you need to decide about this issue?What is the most important thing you want the advisory committee to understand about your view of this issue?What questions/concerns/suggestions do you have for the public engagement process?Additional questions or comments.Slide18

Sample Initial Surveys – Poudre River ProjectI am concerned that…One thing that is particularly valuable to me is…I need more information about…One question I have is… I am struggling with…One

tension I need to work through is

…

I believe we should

…Slide19

Sample Initial Surveys - DropoutsAre you concerned about the number of high school dropouts in our community? In what way? What do you think concerns others in our community?What are the most difficult challenges facing us related to this issue in our community? What are the hard choices we have to confront? What do you think causes students to drop out of high school? 

What

could be done to reduce the number of students who dropout ? Who should be involved?

What

other thoughts about this issue would you like to offer?

What

aspect of this issue does the public most need to talk about

?Slide20

Sample Initial Surveys1. What do you think is the biggest success the Colorado Wine Industry has achieved in the last 5 years?2. To what do you attribute that success?3. What issues do you have as an individual/business concerning the CO wine industry?4. What do you think the top 3 challenges currently facing the further growth of the Industry?5. How would you suggest best facing those challenges?

6

. What would you like to be involved in as the Industry moves forward (e.g. task force, CAVE

Subcommitee

, special events)?

7

. Any other comments, suggestions, or questions?Slide21

Sample Initial SurveysSilver Tsunami1) Fort Collins has received many awards and accolades for being a great place to live, including many awards that specifically celebrate Fort Collins as a great place to retire. For you, what is at least one thing about Fort Collins that helps make it a wonderful place for older residents?  When we are at our best, what do we do well?2) For all of us, we need to be thinking of the years we grow older as a time to live our dreams, to challenge ourselves, to embrace what might be, to experiment, to invest ourselves in other possibilities. Regardless of your current age, what are you most excited about doing with your time during that stage of your life (50+)?

3

) Imagine it is 10 years from now, and Fort Collins is recognized nationwide as the community that got it right and reacted beautifully to the changing demographics by creating the ideal community for older Americans. What happened? What did we do? If you like, you can utilize the categories from the Community Readiness Chart to help you think about potential areas of improvement.Slide22

Sample Initial SurveysWhat do you see as the key benefits to building the local food economy? What do you see as the key concerns that could arise as our local food economy grows?What obstacles do you feel are currently limiting the local food economy? What actions, either by government, organizations, or individuals do you suggest?Who are the key stakeholders and organizations you feel would need to be involved in this issue?A key issue with building the local food economy is finding the right balance between providing support and flexibility, while also protecting public health and the local environment. What thoughts do you have on these challenges?What are some of the key questions we need to be asking at this point? Slide23
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Analysis of SurveysRead through them question by question (not person by person)Identify key recurring themes, particularly around the 4 key productsWhen possible, multiple passes and additional people can assist with coding and analysisGrouping related key themes assists with approach development laterSlide26

Using

GoogleDocs

for Online Surveys

Step 1: Create new “Form”Slide27

Step 2: Choose Title and ThemeSlide28

Step 3: Add questionsSlide29

Question typesParagraph textMultiple choice (choose one)Checkboxes (choose all that apply)Choose from a list (dropdown menu)Typical progression:Demographic questions

Open-ended

More specificSlide30

Three Main Page TypesEdit form (to build and make changes)Live form (the public face)The Responses (a spreadsheet)Slide31

Moving between typesSlide32

Live formSlide33

ResponsesSlide34

CSU URL Shorteners.colostate.edu

From

https

://

docs.google.com/forms/d/11mQJHG-5dvwue7fL7xUqNr2RSPYxfEiNJAOe4OwYJNk/viewform

to

http://col.st/VVcC96Slide35

Steps in Issue Framework DevelopmentIdentify a public issue ripe for deliberationIdentify the underlying values and concerns (i.e. common ground and key tensions)Name the overall issue

Develop

potential approaches

Identify

specific actions, arguments for and against, tradeoffs, and key discussion questions

Research

and refine the approaches

Test

the frameworkSlide36

NamingChoose a broad frame for the issue that can include all key stakeholder’s concernsAvoid inflammatory terms and think carefully about word choice and imageryOverall frames typically focus on a common problem or a common goalOverall frames are often a question: What should we do about X?How can we achieve x?How can we optimize safety in our schools?Slide37

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CPD FramingsHow should we improve high school graduation rates in Colorado?What should we do about medical marijuana dispensaries?How should we meet our future water needs in Colorado?Slide39

Steps in Issue Framework DevelopmentIdentify a public issue ripe for deliberationIdentify the underlying values and concerns (i.e. common ground and key tensions)Name the overall issue

Develop

potential approaches

Identify

specific actions, arguments for and against, tradeoffs, and key discussion questions

Research

and refine the approaches

Test

the frameworkSlide40
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Different approaches could focus on:Different primary actors for the action, particularly individuals, different groups, communities, or government.  Different policy ideas Different views of the source or cause the problemDifferent

degrees of

response

Distinctions between

the “

three E’s”

of education

, engineering, or

enforcement (or incentives).

Different ideal futures

p.47Slide42

What is our food future? Approach 1: Taking Personal Stock: Reassessing Lifestyle, Values, and ChoicesApproach 2: Local Matters – Re-embedding food in communityApproach 3: Increase Food Production – More People = More DemandSlide43

Land Use Conflict: When City and Country Clash Approach 1: Reestablish the Free MarketApproach 2: Protect Farmland and Open SpaceApproach 3: Redevelop Central CitiesApproach 4: Manage Growth on the Rural-Urban FridgeSlide44

Affordable Housing: What Are our Options?Approach1: Create and implement government programs to encourage more development of affordable housingApproach 2: Community members and stakeholders must accept responsibility for the well-being of all residentsApproach 3: Improve education and communication for all stakeholdersSlide45

Intimate Partner Violence: What Can We Do?Approach 1: Make it Easier to get Help Approach 2: Stop the Bleeding (stronger enforcement, punishment, and assistance to victims)Approach 3: Break the Cycle (change the culture of violence)Slide46

What should we do about childhood obesity?Approach 1: Families must take responsibilityApproach 2: Schools should step upApproach 3: Government must use its powerSlide47

How should we meet our future water supply needs? Approach One: Focus on Addressing Growth Approach Two: Focus on Urban Conservation Approach Three: Focus on Storage Projects Approach Four: Focus on Agriculture Conservation and Transfers Slide48

What should we do about medical marijuana dispensaries?Approach 1: Regulate production and distribution to the greatest extent possible Approach 2: Focus on health and safety of community and patients foremost Approach 3: Let the industry self-regulate and the market work Slide49

Focus on Longmont:Share Your Vision, Create Our LegacyDirection for the Future 1 : Enrich the Experience of Living in LongmontDirection for the Future 2: Enhance the Environment, Natural and BuiltDirection for the Future 3: Expand Prosperity through Innovation, Efficiency and EducationDirection for the Future

4: Extend

the Principles of Cooperation

and Shared

Responsibility Throughout the CommunitySlide50

What are the 21st Century Responsibilities of Citizenship?Approach 1: Citizens should be personally responsible.Approach 2: Citizens should also be engaged and informed constituents. Approach 3: Citizens should also be collaborative problem solvers in their local communities.

Approach

4:

Citizens must take a global view of their responsibilities.Slide51

Different approaches could focus on:Different primary actors for the action, particularly individuals, different groups, communities, or government.  Different policy ideas Different views of the source or cause the problemDifferent

degrees of

response

Distinctions between

the “

three E’s”

of education

, engineering, or

enforcement (or incentives).

Different ideal futures

p.47Slide52

Issues with Issue FramingAvoid directly opposing approaches (each approach should include discussion of its opposite inherently)Usually avoid status quo as an optionPopular framings v. reframingHow to deal with popular options that aren’t realistic or supported by data

Length/Level of detail

Order of the approaches

Minimizing making the document the

focus: frame

the

framing as a

starting point, a living document, something to react to, etc

.Slide53

Steps in Issue Framework DevelopmentIdentify a public issue ripe for deliberationIdentify the underlying values and concerns (i.e. common ground and key tensions)Name the overall issue

Develop

potential approaches

Identify

specific actions, arguments for and against, tradeoffs, and key discussion questions

Research

and refine the approaches

Test

the frameworkSlide54
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Placemat TemplateSlide56

Common FormsThe One Page Placemat The Four Pager Intro, one page per approachIntro, approaches on pp.2-3, reflections questions on the backThe Eight PagerIntro, 2 pages per approach with writing spaceThe full book with the 2 page “placemat” summarySlide57

Resources for NIF framingsNational Issues Forum (www.nifi.org)Public Agenda (www.publicagenda.com)Everyday-Democracy Issue Guide Exchange (http://www.everyday-democracy.org/Exchange/index.aspx) Slide58
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Steps in Issue Framework DevelopmentIdentify a public issue ripe for deliberationIdentify the underlying values and concerns (i.e. common ground and key tensions)Name the overall issue

Develop

potential approaches

Identify

specific actions, arguments for and against, tradeoffs, and key discussion questions

Research

and refine the approaches

Test

the framework